Эндрю Петтигри - Изобретение новостей. Как мир узнал о самом себе

J. A. Sharpe, ‘Last Dying Speeches: Religion, Ideology and Public Execution in Seventeenth-Century England’, Past and Present, 107 (1985), pp. 144-67.

Senn, Wickiana , p. 149.

Strauss, German Single-Leaf Woodcut , p. 488.

Jennifer Spinks, Monstrous Births and Visual Culture in Sixteenth-Century Germany (London: Chatto & Pickering, 2009); Aaron W. Kitch, ‘Printing Bastards: Monstrous Birth Broadsides in Early Modern England’, in Douglas A. Brooks (ed.), Printing and Parenting in Early Modern England (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp. 221-36.

Zurich ZB, PAS II 15:17, Strauss, German Single-Leaf Woodcut, p. 481.

Senn, Wickiana, pp. 216-17.

Ulinka Rublack, The Crimes of Women in Early Modern Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).

Strauss, German Single-Leaf Woodcut , p. 936.

Там же, с. 395, Zurich ZB PAS II 2:23; Zurich ZB PAS II 12:78. USTC 699843; ‘Shower of Wheat that Fell in Wiltshire’, in J. Paul Hunter, Before Novels: The Cultural Contexts of Eighteenth-Century English Fiction (New York: Norton, 1990), p. 186.

Burkard Waldis, Eyne warhafftige und gantz erschreckliche historien (Marburg, 1551). Joy Wiltenburg, ‘Crime and Christianity in Early Sensationalism’, in Marjorie Plummer and Robin Barnes (eds), Ideas and Cultural Margins in Early Modern Germany (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009), pp. 131-45, here p. 135.

Wiltenburg, ‘Crime and Christianity’, p. 140.

Joy Wiltenburg, ‘True Crime: The Origins of Modern Sensationalism’, American Historical Review, 109 (2004), pp. 1, 377-1,404.

Wolfgang Behringer, ‘Witchcraft and the Media’, in Marjorie Plummer and Robin Barnes (eds), Ideas and Cultural Margins in Early Modern Germany (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009), pp. 217-36.

Мы насчитываем двадцать шесть изданий, опубликованных до 1600 года.

De lamiis et phitonicis mulieribus, twenty-five editions in Latin and German translation.

Max Geisberg, The German Single-Leaf Woodcut, 1500–1550 (New York: Hacker, 1974), vol. 1,206.

Behringer, ‘Witchcraft and the Media’, pp. 221-2.

Johannes Weyer, Cinq livres de l’imposture et tromperie des diables, des enchantements et sorcelleries (Paris: Jacques du Puys, 1567); USTC 1465; Jean Bodin, De la demonomanie des sorciers (Paris: Jacques du Puys, 1580); USTC 1660.

Zwo Newe Zeittung, was man fur Hexen und Unholden verbrendt hat (Basel, 1580); USTC 707209; Behringer, ‘Witchcraft and the Media’, p. 227.

David Randall, Credibility in Elizabethan and Early Stuart Military News (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2008).

M. S. Anderson, The Rise of Modern Diplomacy, 1450–1919 (London: Longman, 1993), p. 9. The seminal texts are Garrett Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy (London: Jonathan Cape, 1955), and Donald E. Queller, The Office of Ambassador in the Middle Ages (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967).

Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy, p. 45.

J. K. Hyde, ‘The Role of Diplomatic Correspondence and Reporting: News and Chronicles’, in his Literacy and its Uses: Studies on Late Medieval Italy (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), pp. 217-59.

Donald E. Queller, Early Venetian Legislation on Ambassadors (Geneva: Droz, 1967), p. 82 (no. 43).

Donald E. Queller, ‘The Development of Ambassadorial Relazioni’, in J. R. Hale (ed.), Renaissance Venice (London: Faber & Faber, 1973), pp. 174-96.

Queller, ‘Development’, pp. 177-8.

Traite du gouvernement de la cite et seigneurie de Venise, in P.-M. Perret, Relations de la France avec Venise, 2 vols (Paris, 1896), II, 292.

Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy , pp. 135-6.

Mattingly, Renaissance Diplomacy , pp. 232-5; Richard Lundell, ‘Renaissance Diplomacy and the Limits of Empire: Eustace Chapuys, Habsburg Imperialisms, and Dissimulation as Method’, in Tonio Andrade and William Reger (eds), The Limits of Empire: European Imperial Formations in Early Modern World History: Essays in Honour of Geoffrey Parker (Farnham: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 205-22.

Michael J. Levin, Agents of Empire: Spanish Ambassadors in Sixteenth-Century Italy (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005), p. 44.

Mai to Charles V, 31 July 1530; quoted Levin, Agents of Empire, p. 52.

Catherine Fletcher, Our Man in Rome: Henry VIII and his Italian Ambassador (London: Bodley Head, 2012); idem, ‘War, Diplomacy and Social Mobility: The Casali Family in the Service of Henry VIII’, Journal of Early Modern History, 14 (2010), pp. 559-78.

Levin, Agents of Empire, pp. 18–23.

Там же, с. 167.

Frederic J. Baumgartner, ‘Henry II and the Papal Conclave of 1549’, Sixteenth Century Journal , 16 (1985), pp. 301-14.

Levin, Agents of Empire, p. 65.

Ermolao Barbara, Epistolae, Orationes et Carmina, ed. V. Branca, 2 vols (Florence: Bibliopolis, 1943).

Renaissance Diplomacy, p. 188.

Geoffrey Parker, The Grand Strategy of Philip II (New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1998), p. 214; Katy Gibbons, English Catholic Exiles in Late Sixteenth-Century Paris (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2011).

Parker, Grand Strategy, pp. 209-23; M. Leimon and Geoffrey Parker, ‘Treason and Plot in Elizabethan England: The Fame of Sir Edward Stafford Reconsidered’, English Historical Review, 106 (1996), pp. 1, 134-58.

Полезное информацию об испанских дипломатических шифрах с некоторыми примерами можно найти в приложении к изданию: De Lamar Jensen, Diplomacy and Dogmatism: Bernardino de Mendoza and the French Catholic League (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964), pp. 231-8.

John Bossy, Under the Molehill: An Elizabethan Spy Story (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001).

Rene Ancel, ‘Etude critique sur quelques recueils d’avvisi’, Melanges d’archeologie et d’histoire, 28 (1908), pp. 115-39, here p. 130.

Philip Beale, A History of the Post in England from the Romans to the Stuarts (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1988), p. 148.

Jensen, Diplomacy and Dogmatism, pp. 171-89.

Wolfgang Behringer, Im Zeichen des Merkur: Reichspost und Kommunikationsrevolution in der Fruhen Neuzeit (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003), p. 340.

Mario Infelise, Prima dei giornali: alle origini della pubblica informazione (secoli XVI–XVII) (Rome: Laterza, 2002). ‘From Merchants’ Letters to Handwritten Political Avvisi: Notes on the Origins of Public Information’, in Francisco Bethercourt and Florike Egmond (eds), Correspondence and Cultural Exchange in Europe, 1400–1700 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 33–52, and ‘Roman Avvisi: Information and Politics in the Seventeenth Century’, in Gianvittorio Signorotto and Maria Antonietta Visceglia (eds), Court and Politics in Papal Rome, 1400–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

George Holmes, ‘A Letter from Lucca to London in 1303’, in Peter Denley and Caroline Elam (eds), Florence and Italy: Renaissance Studies in Honour of Nicolai Rubinstein (London: University of London, 1988), pp. 227-33.

Выше, глава 2.

Carolyn James (ed.), The Letters of Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti (1481–1510) (Florence: Olschki, 2001); Bernard Chandler, ‘A Renaissance News Correspondent’, Italica, 29 (1952), pp. 158-63.

C. Marzi, ‘Degli antecessori dei giornali’, Rivista delle biblioteche e degli archivi, 24 (1913), 181-5. The translated excerpts are from Infelise, ‘Merchants’ Letters’, p. 39.

James, Letters of Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti , pp. 48–50.

Infelise, ‘Merchants’ Letters’, pp. 39–40.

Jean Delumeau, Vie economique et sociale de Rome dans la seconde moitie du XVIe siecle (Paris: Boccard, 1957-9), pp. 26–79, here p. 28.

The Merchant of Venice , Act 3, scene 1, echoing Shylock to Bassano, Act 1, scene 3.

Delumeau, Vie economique et sociale de Rome , pp. 877-8.

Infelise, ‘Roman Avvisi’, p. 216.

Brian Richardson, Manuscript Culture in Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 159.

Там же, с. 117–21.

Ниже, глава 7

Delumeau, Vie economique et sociale de Rome , p. 31.

Richardson, Manuscript Culture, p. 159.

Delumeau, Vie economique et sociale de Rome , p. 64.

Ниже, глава 8

Mark Haberlein, The Fuggers of Augsburg: Pursuing Wealth and Honor in Renaissance Germany (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2012); Jacob Strieder, Jakob Fugger the Rich: Merchant and Banker of Augsburg, 1459–1525 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984); Gotz von Polnitz, Die Fugger (Frankfurt: Scheffler, 1960); Richard Ehrenberg, Das Zeitalter der Fugger: Geldkapital und Creditverkehr im 16. Jahrhundert (Jena: Fischer, 1922).

Vienna, ONB, Cod. 8949–8975; Mathilde A. H. Fitzler, Die Entstehung der sogenannten Fuggerzeitungen in der Wiener Nationalbibliothek (Baden bei Wien: Rohrer, 1937); Oswald Bauer, Zeitungen vor der Zeitung. Die Fuggerzeitungen (1568–1605) und das fruhmoderne Nachrichtensystem (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2011).