Эндрю Кин - Ничего личного: Как социальные сети, поисковые системы и спецслужбы используют наши персональные данные

46 Подробнее о правильной последовательности выхода Kodak из бан­крот­ства в 2013 г. см.: "Key Events in the History of Eastman Kodak Company," Wall Street Journal , September 3, 2013, nytimes.com/2013/09/04/business/

kodak-smaller-and-redirected-leaves-bankruptcy.html?

ref=eastmankodakcompany&_r=0&pagewanted=print; online.wsj.com/article/AP6b640447eb

8a41418c01e4110720d4e4.html.

47 Larson, "Kodak Reorganization Approval Affirms Move from Cameras."

48 В качестве введения в коллекцию Дома Истмана см.: Photography from 1839 to Toda y: George Eastman Ho use, Rochester, NY (London: Taschen, 1999).

49 Greg Narain, "The New Kodak Moment: Why Storytelling Is Harder Than Ever," Briansolis.com, November 21, 2013.

50 Andrew Keen, The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture, p. 115.

51 Там же.

52 Neate, "Kodak Falls in the Creative Destruction of the Digital Age."

53 Там же. Эти слова были сказаны Робертом Берли, профессором фотографии Университета Райерсона в Торонто, чья экспозиция о коллапсе пленочной фотографии «Исчезновение тени» (The Disappearance of Darkness) была выставлена в Канадской национальной галерее в конце 2013 г.: www.gallery.ca/en/see/exhibitions/upcoming/details/robert-burley-disappearance-of-darkness-5324.

54 John Naughton, "Could Kodak's Demise Have Been Averted?," Observer , January 21, 2012, theguardian.com/technology/2012/jan/22/john-naughton-kodak-lessons.

55 Clayton Christensen, The Innovator's Dilemma: The Revoluti onary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business (New York: Harper Business, 2011). Для знакомства с идеями Кристенсена см. мое интервью с ним на TechCrunchTV: "Keen On… Clay Christensen: How to Escape the Innovator's Dilemma," April 2, 2012, techcrunch.com/2012/04/02/keen-on-clay-christensen-how-to-escape-the-innovators-dilemma-tctv. Более критический взгляд на культ Кристенсена представлен в статье: Jill Lepore, "The Disruption Machine," New Yorker , 23 июня 2014 г.

56 "The Last Kodak Moment?," Economist , January 14, 2012. economist.com/node/21542796/print.

57 Stone, The Everything Store , p. 348.

58 Joshua Cooper Ramo, The Age of the Unthinkable: Why th e New World Disorder Constantly Surprises Us and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bay Back Books, 2010).

59 Paul F. Nunes and Larry Downes, "Big Bang Disruption: The Innovator's Disaster," Outlook , June 2013, accenture.com/us-en/outlook/Pages/outlook-journal-2013-big-bang-disruption-innovators-disaster.aspx.

60 Larry Downes and Paul F. Nunes, "Big-Bang Disruption," Harvard Business Review , March 2013, hbr.org/2013/03/big-bang-disruption.

61 Там же.

62 Larry Downes and Paul Nunes, Big Bang Disruption: Strategy in the Age of Devastating Innovation (New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2014), p. 193.

63 Jason Farago, "Our Kodak Moments — and Creativity — Are Gone," Guardian , August 23, 2013, theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/23/photography-photography.

64 George Packer, "Celebrating Inequality," New York Times, May 19, 2013.

65 Там же.

66 "The Onrushing Wave," Economist , January 18, 2014, p. 25.

67 Josh Constine, "The Data Factory — How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap," TechCrunch , September 9, 2013.

68 David Brooks, "Capitalism for the Masses," New York Times , February 20, 2014.

69 Там же.

70 George Packer, "No Death, No Taxes: The Libertarian Futurism of a Silicon Valley Billionaire," New Yorker , November 28, 2011.

71 Там же.

72 Там же.

73 Robert M. Solow, "We'd Better Watch Out," New York Times Book Review, July 12, 1987.

74 Timothy Noah, The Great Divergen ce: America's Growin g Inequality Crisis and What We Can Do About It (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), p. 7.

75 Eduardo Porter, "Tech Leaps, Job Losses and Rising Inequality," New York Times , April 15, 2014.

76 Loukas Karabarbounis and Brent Neiman, "The Global Decline of Labor Share," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014.

77 Thomas B. Edsall, "The Downward Ramp," New York Times , June 10, 2014.

78 Tyler Cowen, Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of th e Great Stagnation (New York: Dutton, 2013), p. 53.

79 Там же, с. 229.

80 Там же, с. 198–200.

81 Joel Kotkin, "California's New Feudalism Benefits a Few at the Expense of the Multitude," Daily Beast , October 5, 2013.

82 Paul Krugman, "Sympathy for the Luddites," New York Times , June 13, 2013, nytimes.com/2013/06/14/opinion/krugman-sympathy-forthe-luddites.html?_r=0&pagewanted=print.

Глава 4

1 Kara Swisher, "The Money Shot," Vanity Fair , June 2013.

2 Steve Bertoni, "The Stanford Billionaire Machine Strikes Again," Forbes , August 1, 2013.

3 Там же.

4 Swisher, "The Money Shot."

5 Систром отрицает тот факт, что между Facebook и Twitter состоялась «война предложений». Но Ник Билтон, автор бестселлера «Инкубатор Twitter» (Hatching Twitter), изданного Portfolio в 2013 г. в Нью-Йорке, утверждает обратное. См.: Nick Bilton, "Instagram Testimony Doesn't Add Up," New York Times , 16 декабря 2012 г., bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/disruptionsinstagram-testimony-doesnt-add-up-2/?_r=1.

6 Emil Protalinski, "Thanksgiving Breaks Instagram Records: Over 10M Photos Shared at a Rate of Up to 226 per Second," Next Web, November 23, 2012, thenextweb.com/facebook/2012/11/23/instagramsees-new-record-during-thanksgiving-over-10m-photos-shared-at-arate-of-226-per-second.

7 Emil Protalinski, "Instagram Says Thanksgiving 2013 Was Its Busiest Day So Far, but Fails to Share Exact Figures," Next Web, November 29, 2013.

8 Ingrid Lunden, "73% of U. S. Adults Use Social Networks, Pinterest Passes Twitter in Popularity, Facebook Stays on Top," TechCrunch , December 31, 2013.

9 Sarah Perez, "An App 'Middle Class' Continues to Grow: Independently Owned Apps with a Million-Plus Users Up 121% Over Past 18 Months," TechCrunch , November 8, 2013.

10 Ingrid Lunden, "Instagram Is the Fastest-Growing Social Site Globally, Mobile Devices Rule Over PCs for Access," TechCrunch , January 21, 2014, techcrunch.com/2014/01/21/instagram-is-thefastest-growing-social-site-globally-mobile-devices-rule-over-pcsfor-social-access.

11 См., например: Ellis Hamburger, "Instagram Announces Instagram Direct for Private Photo, Video and Text Messaging," Verge , December 12, 2013.

12 Alex Williams, "The Agony of Instagram," New York Times , December 13, 2013.

13 Sarah Nicole Prickett, "Where the Grass Looks Greener," New York Times , November 17, 2013.

14 Там же.

15 Williams, "The Agony of Instagram."

16 Tim Wu, "Sign of the Times: The Intimacy of Anonymity," New York Times , June 3, 2014.

17 Teddy Wayne, "Of Myself I Sing," New York Times, August 24, 2014.

18 Time , December 25, 2006.

19 Packer, "Celebrating Inequality."

20 См., например: Jean Twenge and W. Keith Campbell, The Narcissism Epidemic : Living in the Age of Entitlement (New York: Free Press, 2009), and Elias Aboujaoude, Virtually You (New York: Norton, 2011).

21 David Brooks, "High-Five Nation," New York Times , September 15, 2009.

22 Parmy Olson, "Teenagers Say Goodbye to Facebook and Hello to Messenger Apps," Observer , November 9, 2013.

23 Keen, Digital Vertigo , p. 12.

24 Malkani, Financial Times, December 28, 2013.

25 Charles Blow, "The Self(ie) Generation," New York Times , March 7, 2014.

26 James Franco, "The Meanings of the Selfie," New York Times , December 26, 2013, nytimes.com/2013/12/29/arts/the-meaning-ofthe-selfie.html.

27 Sophie Heawood, "The Selfies at Funerals Tumblr Tells Us a Lot About Death," Vice.com, November 1, 2013.

28 Stacy Lambe, "14 Grindr Profile Pics Taken at the Holocaust Memorial," Buzzfeed , January 31, 2013.

29 Craig Detweiler, "Auschwitz Selfies' and Crying into the Digital Wilderness," CNN, July 22, 2014.

30 Stuart Heritage, "Selfies of 2013—the Best, Worst and Most Revealing," Guardian , December 22, 2013.

31 Rachel Maresca, "James Franco Allegedly Attempts to Meet Up with 17-Year-Old Girl via Instagram: Report," New York Daily News, April 3, 2014.

32 Там же.

33 "Selfie Is Oxford Dictionaries' Word of the Year," Guardian , November 18, 2013, theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/19/selfieword-of-the-year-oed-olinguito-twerk/print.

34 Эта цифра взята из отчета исследовательской консалтинговой фирмы mobileYouth: Olson, "Teenagers Say Goodbye to Facebook and Hello to Messenger Apps". Интересно, что это же исследование показало: доля селфи в Snapchat даже превышает 50%.

35 Стивен Джонсон, вероятно, является самым упрямым оптимистом из всех уверовавших в Интернет. См., например, его последнюю книгу: Steven Johnson, Future Perfect: The Case for Progress in a Networked Age (New York: Riverhead, 2012).

36 Tom Standage, Writing on the Wall: Social Media — The First 2,000 Years (New York: Bloomsbury, 2013).

37 Там же, эпилог, с. 240–251.

38 Williams, "The Agony of Instagram."

39 Rhiannon Lucy Coslett and Holly Baxter, "Smug Shots and Selfies: The Rise of Internet Self-Obsession," Guardian , December 6, 2013.

40 Nicholas Carr, "Is Google Making Us Stupid?," Atlantic , July/August 2008. Also see Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Inte rnet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York; Norton, 2011).

41 Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding From You (Penguin, 2011). См. также мое интервью с Илайей Парайзером на TechCrunchTV в июне 2011 г.: Andrew Keen, "Keen On… Eli Pariser: Have Progressives Lost Faith in the Internet?," TechCrunch , June 15, 2011, techcrunch.com/2011/06/15/keen-on-eli-pariser-have-progressives-lost-faithin-the-internet-tctv.

42 Claire Carter, "Global Village of Technology a Myth as Study Shows Most Online Communication Limited to 100-Mile Radius," BBC, December 18, 2013; Claire Cain Miller, "How Social Media Silences Debate," New York Times , August 26, 2014.

43 Josh Constine, "The Data Factory — How Your Free Labor Lets Tech Giants Grow the Wealth Gap."

44 Derek Thompson, "Google's CEO: 'The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,'" Atlantic , October 1, 2010.