Фридрих Хайек - Частные деньги

6. «Чтобы деньгам доверяли, они должны конвертироваться в ценные товары или драгоценные металлы». Вы согласны? Обсудите условия, при которых конвертируемость существенна и при которых несущественна.

7. Рассмотрите мнение о том, что возникновение инфляции и дефляции будет и маловероятным, и невозможным, если правительство будет отстранено от контроля за установлением количества денег. Проиллюстрируйте свой ответ примерами из Великой депрессии 1929–1932 гг. и «Великой инфляции» 1972–1975 гг.

8. Понятия бума и спада ассоциируются с «капитализмом». Есть ли они в некапиталистических экономиках? Являются ли они результатом капитализма или порождены иными причинами?

9. Обсудите тезис: «Для денежного органа, подверженного сильному лоббистскому давлению, политически невозможно избежать увеличения количества денег во имя повышения занятости, порождая тем самым инфляцию. Золотой стандарт, фиксированные обменные курсы и другие ограничения денежной экспансии оказались недостаточными».

10. Как можно отстранить национальное правительство от контроля за международным движением валюты? Достаточно ли будет международного соглашения? Почему конкуренция валют будет более эффективной?

Артур Сэлдон

Приложение Крах бумажных денег 1950–1975 гг.

* — По отношению к доллару США

** — По отношению к золоту, цифра основана на цене в 141 доллар за унцию на свободном рынке в конце 1975 г. против официальной цены 1950 г. в 35 долларов за унцию.

Источник: перепечатано с разрешения автора и издателя из: Franz Pick. Pick's Currency Yearbook, 1976–1977 Edition, Pick Publishing Corp., N.Y. 1977.

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