Адам Алтер - Не оторваться. Почему наш мозг любит всё новое и так ли это хорошо в эпоху интернета

См., например, Tammy Saah, «The Evolutionary Origins and Significance of Drug Addiction», Harm Reduction Journal 2, no 8 (2005), harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7517-2-8.

История зависимостей: Jonathan Wynne-Jones, «Stone Age Man Took Drugs, Say Scientists», Telegraph, 19 октября 2008, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3225729/Stone-Age-man-took-drugs-say-scientists.html; Marc-Antoine Crocq, «Historical and Cultural Aspects of Man’s Relationship with Addictive Drugs», Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 9, no. 4 (2007): 355–61; Tammy Saah, «The Evolutionary Origins and Significance of Drug Addiction», Harm Reduction Journal 2, no. 8 (2005) harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7517-2-8; Nguyen Xuân Hien, «Betel-Chewing in Vietnam: Its Past and Current Importance», Anthropos 101 (2006): 499–516; Hilary Whiteman, «Nothing to Smile About: Asia’s Deadly Addiction to Betel Nuts», CNN, 5 ноября 2013, www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/world/asia/myanmar-betelnut-cancer.

22. David F. Musto, «America’s First Cocaine Epidemic», The Wilson Quarterly 13, no. 3 (лето 1989): 59–64; Curtis Marez, Drug Wars: The Political Economy of Narcotics, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004); Robert Christison, «Observations on the Effects of the Leaves of Erythroxylon Coca», British Medical Journal 1 (29 апреля 1876): 527–31.

О Фрейде и статье «О коке» см.: «Über Coca, by Sigmund Freud», scicurious, 28 мая, 2008, scicurious.wordpress.com/2008/05/28/uber-cocabysigmund-freud/; Sigmund Freud, “Über Coca” classics revisited, Journal of Substance Abuse and Treatment 1 (1984), 206–17; Howard Markel, An Anatomy of Addiction: Sigmund Freud, William Halsted, and the Miracle Drug, Cocaine (New York: Vintage 2012).

О Пембертоне и «кока-коле» см.: Bruce S. Schoenberg, «Coke’s the One: The Centennial of the ‘Ideal Brain Tonic’ That Became a Symbol of America», Southern Medical Journal 81, no. 1 (1988): 69–74; M. M. King, «Dr. John S. Pemberton: Originator of Coca-Cola», Pharmacy in History 29, no. 2 (1987): 85–89; Guy R. Hasegawa, «Pharmacy in the American Civil War», American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 57, no. 5 (2000): 457–89; Richard Gardiner, «The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia», Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society 23 (2012): 21–24; Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography (London: Macmillan, 2003); Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics (New York: Norton, 2004).

Catherine Steiner-Adair, The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age (New York: Harper, 2013).

Chen Yu and Linda B. Smith. «The Social Origins of Sustained Attention in One-year-old Human Infants», Current Biology 26, no. 9 (May 9, 2016): 1235–40.

Indiana University, «Infant Attention Span Suffers When Parents’ Eyes Wander During Playtime: Eye-tracking Study First to Suggest Connection between Caregiver Focus and Key Cognitive Development Indicator in Infants», ScienceDaily, 8 апреля 2016, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160428131954.htm.

Nancy Jo Sales, American Girls: Social Media and the Secret Lives of Teenagers (New York: Knopf, 2016).

Jessica Contrera. «13, Right Now», Washington Post, 25 мая 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/sf/style/wp/2016/05/25/2016/05/25/13-right-now-this-is-what-its-like-to-grow-up-in-the-age-of-likes-lols-and-longing/.

О Донг Нгуене и Flappy Bird: значительная часть информации взята с загрузочной страницы Flappy Bird, которая более недоступна в сети. Другие источники: John Boudreau and Aaron Clark, «Flappy Bird Creator Dong Nguyen Offers Swing Copters Game», Bloomberg Technology, 22 августа, 2014, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-22/flappy-bird-creator-dong-nguyen-offers-swing-coptersgame; Laura Stampler, «Flappy Bird Creator Says ‘It’s Gone Forever’», Time, 11 февраля 2014, http://time.com/6217/flappy-bird-app-dong-nguyen-addictive/; James Hookway, «Flappy Bird Creator Pulled Game Because It Was ‘Too Addictive’», Wall Street Journal, 11 февраля, 2014, www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303874504579376323271110900; Lananh Nguyen, «Flappy Bird Creator Dong Nguyen Says App ‘Gone Forever’ Because It Was “An Addictive Product’», Forbes, 11 февраля 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/lananhnguyen/2014/02/11/exclusive-flappy-bird-creator-dong-nguyen-says-app-gone-forever-because-it-was-an-addictive-product/.

Kathryn Yung and others, «Internet Addiction Disorder and Problematic Use of Google Glass in Patient Treated at a Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program», Addictive Behaviors 41 (2015): 58–60; James Eng, «Google Glass Addiction? Doctors Report First Case of Disorder», NBC News, 14 октября 2014, www.nbcnews.com/tech/Internet/google-glass-addiction-doctors-report-first-case-disorder-n225801.

1. Jason Massad, «Vietnam Veteran Recalls Firefights, Boredom and Beer», Reporter Newspapers, 4 ноября 2010, www.reporternewspapers.net/2010/11/04/vietnam-veteran-recalls-firefights-boredom-beer/.

О торговле героином в Золотом треугольнике во время Вьетнамской войны и реакции Никсона см.: Alfred W. McCoy, Cathleen B. Read, and Leonard P. Adams II, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia (New York: Harper and Row, 1972); Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1990); Liz Ronk, «The War Within: Portraits of Vietnam War Veterans Fighting Heroin Addiction», Time, 20 января 2014, time.com/3878718/vietnam-veterans-heroin-addiction- treatmentphotos/; Aimee Groth, «This Vietnam Study about Heroin Reveals the Most Important Thing about Kicking Addictions», Business Insider, 3января, 2012, www.businessinsider.com/vietnam-study-addictions-2012-1; Dirk Hanson, «Heroin in Vietnam: The Robins Study», Addiction Inbox, 24 июля, 2010, addiction-dirkh.blogspot.com/2010/07/heroin-in-viet-nam-robins-study.html; Jeremy Kuzmarov, The Myth of the Addicted Army: Vietnam and the Modern War on Drugs (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009); Alix Spiegel, «What Vietnam Taught Us about Breaking Bad Habits», NPR, 2 января 2012, www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/01/02/144431794/what-vietnam-taught-usabout-breaking-bad-habits; Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair, Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs, and the Press, (New York: Verso, 1997).

David Nutt, Leslie A. King, William Saulsbury, and Colin Blakemore, «Development of a Rational Scale to Assess the Harm of Drugs of Potential Misuse», Lancet 369, no. 9566 (март 2007): 1047–53.

Peter Brush, «Higher and Higher: American Drug Use in Vietnam», Vietnam Magazine, декабрь 2002, nintharticle.com/vietnam-drug-usage.htm; Alfred W. McCoy, Cathleen B. Read, and Leonard P. Adams II, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).

О Ли Робинс и ее исследованиях: Lee N. Robins, «Vietnam Veterans’ Rapid Recovery from Heroin Addiction: A Fluke or Normal Expectation?», Addiction 88, no. 8 (1993), 1041–54; Lee N. Robins, John E. Helzer, and Darlene H. Davis, «Narcotic Use in Southeast Asia and Afterward», Archives of General Psychiatry 32, no. 8 (1975): 955–961; Lee N. Robins and S. Slobodyan, «Post-Vietnam Heroin Use and Injection by Returning US Veterans: Clues to Preventing Injection Today», Addiction 98, no. 8 (2003): 1053–60; Lee N. Robins, Darlene H. Davis, and Donald W. Goodwin, «Drug Use by U.S. Army Enlisted Men in Vietnam: A Follow-up on Their Return Home», American Journal of Epidemiology 99, no. 4 (май 1974): 235–49; Lee N. Robins, The Vietnam Drug User Returns, final report, Special Action Office Monograph, Series A, Number 2, май 1974, prhome.defense.gov/Portals/52/Documents/RFM/Readiness/DDRP/docs/35%20Final%20Report.%20The%20Vietnam%20drug%20user%20returns.pdf; Lee N. Robins, John E. Helzer, Michie Hesselbrock, and Eric Wish, «Vietnam Veterans Three Years after Vietnam: How Our Study Changed Our View of Heroin», American Journal on Addictions 19, 203–11 (2010); Thomas H. Maugh II, «Lee N. Robins Dies at 87; Pioneer in Field of Psychiatric Epidemiology», Los Angeles Times, 6 октября 2009, www.latimes.com/nation/la-me-lee-robins6-2009oct06-story.html.

Информация об Олдсе и Милнере получена из двух источников – интервью с их учениками Бобом Вурцем, Гэри Астон-Джонсом, Арье Руттенбергом и Джоном Дистерхофтом, а также из статей: James Olds and Peter Milner, «Positive Reinforcement Produced by Electrical Stimulation of Septal Area and Other Regions of Rat Brain», Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 47, no. 6 (декабрь 1954): 419–27; James Olds, «Pleasure Centers in the Brain», Scientific American 195 (1956): 105–16; James Olds and M. E. Olds, «Positive Reinforcement Produced by Stimulating Hypothalamus with Iproniazid and Other Compounds», Science 127, no. 3307 (16 мая 1958): 1155–56; Robert H. Wurtz, Autobiography, n.d., www.sfn.org/~/media/SfN/Documents/TheHistoryofNeuroscience/Volume%207/c16.ashx; Richard F. Thompson, James Olds: Biography (National Academies Press, 1999) www.nap.edu/read/9681/chapter/16.

Информация о Вайсберге, его зависимости от WoW и излечении в центре reSTART получена из двух интервью с Айзеком Вайсбергом.

Соответственно 88,4 и 106,6 кг. ( Прим. ред. )

Anne-Marie Chang, Daniel Aeschbach, Jeanne F. Duffy, and Charles A. Czeisler, «Evening Use of Light-emitting eReaders Negatively Affects Sleep, Circadian Timing, and Next-morning Alertness», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 4 (2015): 1232–37; Brittany Wood, Mark S. Rea, Barbara Plitnick, and Mariana G. Figueiro, «Light Level and Duration of Exposure Determine the Impact of Self-luminous Tablets on Melatonin Suppression», Applied Ergonomics 44, no. 2 (март 2013) 237–40. Apple недавно предложила функцию Night Shift на экранных устройствах: цвет экрана с течением дня меняется, чтобы синий свет не возникал перед сном: www.apple.com/ios/preview/. См. также: Margaret Rhodes, «Amazon and Apple Want to Save Your Sleep by Tweaking Screen Colors», Wired, 1 января, 2016, www.wired.com/2016/01/amazon-and-apple-want-to-improve-your-sleep-by-tweaking-screen-colors/; TechCrunch, «Arianna Huffington on Technology Addiction and the Sleep Revolution», 20 января 2016, techcrunch.com/video/arianna-huffington-on-politicsand-her-new-book-the-sleep-revolution/519432319/.