Юваль Ной Харари - Sapiens. Краткая история человечества

Пер. М. Фроман.

Буквально: Объединенная Ост-Индская компания.

От англ. wall — стена.

В такой общине все хорошо друг друга знают и не могут друг без друга выжить. — Прим. авт.

Атомный мир (лат.).

Парадоксальным образом психологические исследования субъективного благополучия полностью полагаются на способность человека точно диагностировать свой уровень счастья, в то время как вся теория и практика психотерапии основаны на убеждении, что человек себя не знает и нуждается в профессиональной помощи, чтобы освободиться от саморазрушительных тенденций. — Прим. авт.

Кишечная палочка (эшерихия коли, лат. Escherichia coli; общепринятое сокращение E. coli) — вид грамотрицательных палочковидных бактерий, факультативных анаэробов, входящий в состав нормальной микрофлоры желудочно-кишечного тракта человека.

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Michael L. Wilson and Richard W. Wrangham, ‘Intergroup Relations in Chimpanzees’, Annual Review of Anthropology 32 (2003), 363-392; M. McFarland Symington, ‘Fission-Fusion Social Organization in Ateles and Pan у International Journal of Primatologyy 11:1 (1990), 49; Colin A. Chapman and Lauren J. Chapman, ‘Determinants of Groups Size in Primates: The Importance of Travel Costs’, in On the Move: How and Why Animals Travel in Groups , ed. Sue Boinsky and Paul A. Garber (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 26.

Dunbar, Groomingy Gossip , and the Evolution of Languagey 69-79; Leslie C. Aiello and R. I. M. Dunbar, ‘Neocortex Size, Group Size, and the Evolution of Language’, Current Anthropology 34:2 (1993), 189. Критику этого подхода см.: Christopher McCarthy et al., ‘Comparing Two Methods for Estimating Network Size’, Human Organization 60:1 (2001), 32; R. A. Hill and R. I. M. Dunbar, ‘Social Network Size in Humans’, Human Nature 14:1 (2003), 65.

Yvette Taborin, ‘Shells of the French Aurignacian and Perigordian’, in Before Lascaux: The Complete Record of the Early Upper Paleolithic , ed. Heidi Knecht, Anne Pike-Тау and Randall White (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993), 211-228.

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Paul Seabright, The Company of Strangers: A Natural History of Economic Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 261 n. 2; M. Henneberg and M. Steyn, ‘Trends in Cranial Capacity and Cranial Index in Subsaharan Africa During the Holocene’, American Journal of Human Biology 5:4 (1993): 473-479.

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Hill and Hurtado, Ache Life History , 78.

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I.J.N. Thorpe, ‘Anthropology, Archaeology, and the Origin of Warfare’, World Archaology 35:1 (2003), 145-165; Raymond C. Kelly, Warless Societies and the Origin of War (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000); Azar Gat, War in Human Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006); Lawrence H. Keeley, War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996); Slavomil Vend, ‘Stone Age Warfare’, in Ancient Warfare: Archaeological Perspectives , ed. John Carman and Anthony Harding (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999), 57-73.

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Timothy F. Flannery, The Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and Peoples (Port Melbourne, Vic.: Reed Books Australia, 1994); Anthony D. Barnosky et al., ‘Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents’, Science 306:5693 (2004): 70- 75; Bary W. Brook and David M. J. S. Bowman, ‘The Uncertain Blitzkrieg of Pleistocene Megafauna’, Journal of Biogeography 31:4 (2004), 517-523; Gifford H. Miller et al., ‘Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction’, Science 309:5732 (2005), 287-290; Richard G. Roberts et al., ‘New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent Wide Extinction about 46,000 Years Ago’, Science 292:5523(2001), 1888-1892

Stephen Wroe and Judith Field, ‘A Review of Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation, Quaternary Science Reviews 25:21-22 (2006), 2692-2703; Barry W. Brooks et al., ‘Would the Australian Megafauna Have Become Extinct If Humans Had Never Colonised the Continent? Comments on “A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation” by S. Wroe and J. Field’, Quaternary Science Reviews 26: 3-4 (2007), 560-564; Chris S. M. Turney et al., ‘Late-Surviving Megafauna in Tasmania, Australia, Implicate Human Involvement in their Extinction, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:34 (2008), 12150-12153.

John Alroy, ‘A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Mass Extinction, Science , 292:5523 (2001), 1893-1896; O’Connel and Allen, ‘Pre-LGM Sahul’, 400-401.

L.H. Keeley, ‘Proto-Agricultural Practices Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Cross-Cultural Survey’, in Last Hunters, First Farmers: New Perspectives on the Prehistoric Transition to Agriculture, ed. T. Douglas Price and Anne Birgitte Gebauer (Santa Fe, N.M.: School of American Research Press, 1995), 243-272; R. Jones, ‘Firestick Farming’, Australian Natural History 16 (1969), 224-228.

David J. Meltzer, First Peoples in a New World: Colonizing Ice Age America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).

Paul L. Koch and Anthony D. Barnosky, ‘Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate, The Annual Review of Ecology Evolution , and Systematics 37 (2006), 215-250; Anthony D. Barnosky et al., Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents’, 70-75.

Azar Gat, War in Human Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 130-131.

Katherine A. Spielmann, A Review: Dietary Restriction on Hunter- Gatherer Women and the Implications for Fertility and Infant Mortality’, Human Ecology 17:3 (1989), 321-345. See also: Bruce Winterhalder and Eric Alder Smith, Analyzing Adaptive Strategies: Human Behavioral Ecology at Twenty Five’, Evolutionary Anthropology 9:2 (2000), 51-72.