Сьюзен Бауэр - История Древнего мира: от истоков цивилизации до падения Рима

‹164›Roaf, p. no.

‹165›Saggs, Assyria, pp. 28–30.

‹166›Reconstructed from the somewhat fragmented «Letter from Nann-ki-ag to Lipit-Estar about Gungunum’s troops» and «Letter from Lipit-Estar to Nann-ki-ag about driving away the enemy», both in ETC.

‹167›«An adab to Nanna for Gungunum (Gungunum A)», in ETC.

‹168›L. W. King, The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi, vol. 3 (1976), p. 213, translation of «Reign of Sumu-abu».

‹169›Translated by A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975), p. 155.

‹170›Assyrian king list quoted in Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.

‹171›Daniel David Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylon, Volume /. Historical Records of Assyria from the Earliest Times to Sargon (1926), p. 16.

‹172›Saggs, Assyria, p. 37.

‹173›Roaf, p. 116.

‹174›Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.

‹175›Gwendolyn Leick, The Babylonians: An Introduction (2003), p. 33.

‹176›Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, p. 156.

‹177›H. W. F. Saggs, Babylonians (1995), p. 98.

‹178›Ssu-ma Ch’ien, The Grand Scribe’s Records, vol. 1, ed. William H. Nienhauser, Jr., translated by Tsai-fa Cheng et al. (1994), p. 21.

‹179›Ibid., p. 22.

‹180›Ibid., p. 32.

‹181›John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History (2002), p. 37.

‹182›Li Liu and Xingcan Chen, State Formation in Early China (2003), p. 35.

‹183›Ibid., p. 35.

‹184›Ch’ien, p. 37.

‹185›Ibid., p. 38.

‹186›J. A. G. Roberts, p. 5.

‹187›Ch’ien, p. 38; the exact quote is «I regret failing to kill T’ang in Hsia-t’ai; that is what has brought me to this».

‹188›Jorgen Laessoe, People of Ancient Assyria: Their Inscriptions and Correspondence (1963), p. 47.

‹189›Перефразировано для лучшего понимания из: Laessoe, p. 50.

‹190›Laessoe, pp. 68–69.

‹191›Ibid., p. 76.

‹192›Ibid., p. 78.

‹193›Реконструкция Андре Парро из надписей Мари, приведено в: Jack М. Sasson, «The King and I: A Mari King in Changing Perceptions», Journal of the American Oriental Society 118:4 (1998), p. 454.

‹194›King, vol. 2, p. 176.

‹195›Pritchard, p. 142.

‹196›Norman Yoffee, «The Decline and Rise of Mesopotamian Civilization: An Ethnoarchaeological Perspective on the Evolution of Social Complexity», American Antiquity 44:1 (1979), p. 12.

‹197›Saggs, Babylonians, p. 101.

‹198›King, vol 1, p. XXXVII.

‹199›Roaf, p. 121.

‹200›Shaw, p. 169.

‹201›Clayton, p. 93.

‹202›Josephus, Against Apion, 1.14.74–77, in The Works of Josephus (1987).

‹203›Ibid., 1.14.85.

‹204›Redford, Egypt, p. 126.

‹205›George Steindorff and Keith C. Steele, When Egypt Ruled the East (1957), p. 29.

‹206›J. Lesley Fitton, Minoans (2002), p. 67.

‹207›Ibid., pp. 104–105.

‹208›Ibid., p. 138.

‹209›Apollodorus, The Library (1921), 3.1.3–4 and 3.15.8.

‹210›Cyrus H. Gordon, The Common Background of Greek and Hebrew Civilizations (1965), pp. 51–52.

‹211›Thucydides, The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, translated by Richard Crawley (1998), 1.4–5.

‹212›Herodotus, 1171.

‹213›Thucydides, 1.8.

‹214›Rodney Castleden, Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete (1990), p. 148.

‹215›Fitton, p. 166.

‹216›Christos G. Doumas, Them, Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean (1983).

‹217›Ibid., pp. 134–135.

‹218›Ibid., p. 139.

‹219›Ibid., p. 147.

‹220›Wolpert, p. 21.

‹221›G. F. Dales, «The Mythical Massacre at Mohenjo Daro», in Ancient Cities of the Indus, ed. G. L. Possehl (1979), p. 291.

‹222›Gregory L. Possehl, «The Mohenjo-daro Floods: A Reply», American Anthropologist 69:1 (1967), p. 32.

‹223›Ibid., p. 35.

‹224›Romila Thapar, Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 (2002), p. 87.

‹225›Julian Reade, «Assyrian King-Lists, the Royal Tombs of Ur, and Indus Origins», Journal of Near Eastern Studies 60:1 (2001), p. 27.

‹226›Wolpert, p. 27.

‹227›Ibid., p. 24.

‹228›Keay, p. 20.

‹229›Robert S. Hardy, «The Old Hittite Kingdom: A Political History», American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 58:2 (1941), p. 180.

‹230›Trevor Bryce, Life and Society in the Hittite World (2002), pp. 116–117.

‹231›G. G. Giorgadze, «The Hittite Kingdom», in Early Antiquity, ed. I. M. Diakanoff, trans. Alexander Kiijanov (1991), p. 271.

‹232›Bryce, p. 230.

‹233›Robert S. Hardy, p. 181.

‹234›Giorgadze, p. 272.

‹235›Robert S. Hardy, p. 194.

‹236›Хеттское «Завещание», более подробно см. в: Bryce, p. 11.

‹237›Bryce, p. 31.

‹238›Redford, Egypt, p. 134.

‹239›Leick, The Babylonians, p. 42.

‹240›Robert S. Hardy, p. 206.

‹241›Bryce, p. 107.

‹242›Слегка перефразировано из: Steindorff and Steele, p. 31.

‹243›Silverman, p. 30.

‹244›Clayton, p. 102.

‹245›Josephus, Against Apion, 1.14.

‹246›Lewis, p. 98.

‹247›Shaw, p. 216.

‹248›Redford, Egypt, p. 129.

‹249›Eliezer D. Oren, «The 'Kingdom of Sharuhen’ and the Hyksos Kingdom» , in The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives , ed. Eliezer D. Oren (1997), p. 253.

‹250›Lewis, p. 98.

‹251›Dodson and Hilton, p. 127.

‹252›Clayton, p. 105.

‹253›Edward F. Wente, «Some Graffiti from the Reign of Hatshepsut», Journal of Near Eastern Studies 43:1 (1984), pp. 52–53.

Венте указывает, что надписи на стенах могут иметь и дополнительные истолкования.

‹254›Е. P. Uphill, «А Joint Sed-Festival of Thutmose III and Queen Hatshepsut», Journal of Near Eastern Studies 20:4 (1961), pp. 249–251.

‹255›I. V. Vinogradov, «The New Kingdom of Egypt», in Early Antiquity , ed. I. M. Diakonoff, trans. Alexander Kirjanov (1991), p. 178.

‹256›Ibid.

‹257›Ibid., p. 180.

‹258›Steindorff and Steele, p. 58.

‹259›Ibid., p. 57.

‹260›Laessoe, p. 83.

‹261›Ibid., p. 87.

‹262›Steindorff and Steele, p. 63.

‹263›Robert S. Hardy, p. 206.

‹264›Ibid., p. 208.

‹265›Bryce, pp. 28–29.

‹266›Laessoe, p. 89.

‹267›Redford, Egypt, p. 164.

‹268›Ibid., p. 167.

‹269›Alan R. Schulman, «Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom», Journal of Near Eastern Studies 38:3 (1979), p. 83.

‹270›Ch’ien, p. 43.

‹271›Kwang-Chih Chang, Shang Civilization (1980), p. 11.

‹272›Ch’ien, p. 45.

‹273›Arthur Cotterell, China: A Cultural History (1988), p. 16.

‹274›Chang, p. 10.

‹275›Quoted in Chang, p. 11.

‹276›Ch’ien, p. 47.

‹277›Lord William Taylour, The Mycenaeans (1983), p. 18.

‹278›Plutarch, Plutarch's Lives , vol. 1, The Dryden Translation (2001), p. 10.

‹279›Taylour, p. 41.

‹280›Ibid., p. 147; Robert Morkot, The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece (1996), p. 29.

‹281›Taylour, p. 137.

‹282›John Chadwick, Linear В and Related Scripts (1987), pp. 44–49.

‹283›Herodotus, 3.122.

‹284›Taylour, p. 156.

‹285›Fitton, p. 179.

‹286›J. T. Hooker, «Homer and Late Minoan Crete», Journal of Hellenic Studies 89 (1969), p. 60.

‹287›Clayton, p. 116.

‹288›David O’Connor and Eric H. Cline, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign (1998), p. 13.

‹289›Ibid., p. 11.

‹290›Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome (1996), p. 111.

‹291›Details found in Ernest A. Wallis Budge, Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism, and Egyptian Monotheism (1923), p. 68, см. также: Clayton, p. 117.

‹292›Donald B. Redford, Akhenaten: The Heretic King (1984), pp. 36–37.

‹293›Clayton, p. 116.

‹294›O’Connor and Cline, p. 20.

‹295›Laessoe, p. 90.

‹296›O’Connor and Cline, p. 243.

‹297›William L. Moran, ed. and trans., The Amama Letters (1992), p. 1.

‹298›Ibid., pp. 1–2.

‹299›Ibid., p. 8.

‹300›O’Connor and Cline, pp. 2–3.

‹301›Redford, Akhenaten , p. 162.

‹302›Dodson and Hilton, p. 142.

‹303›Redford, Akhenaten, p. 52.

‹304›Cyril Aldred, Akhenaten, King of Egypt (1988), p. 278.

‹305›Ibid., pp. 241–243.

‹306›Redford, Akhenaten , p. 141.

‹307›Парафраз надписи из Эль-Амарны (далее ЕА), обозначенной археологами как 20-я, приведена в: Moran, p. 48.

‹308›Redford, Akhenaten , р 195.

‹309›ЕА 41, in Moran, p. 114.

‹310›EA 16, in Moran, p. 16.

‹311›Redford, Akhenaten , p. 197.

‹312›Laessoe, p. 90.

‹313›EA 9, in Moran, p. 18.

‹314›Saggs, Babylonians , pp. 118–119.

‹315›Clayton, p. 134.

‹316›Nicholas Reeves, The Complete Tutankhamun: The King, The Tomb, The Royal Treasure (1995), p. 23.

‹317›Clayton, p. 135.

‹318›Clayton, p. 138.

‹319›Ibid., p. 146.

‹320›Bryce, p. in.

‹321›Shaw, p. 298.

‹322›Diakonoff, p. 189.

‹323›Shaw, p. 298.

‹324›Clayton, p. 151.

‹325›Письмо переведено и процитировано у: Bryce, p. 172.

‹326›Luckenbill, Ancient Records , vol. 1, p. 27.10. Bryce, p. 108.

‹327›Luckenbill, Ancient Records , vol. 1, p. 40.

‹328›Redford, Egypt , p. 188.

‹329›Clayton, p. 153.

‹330›Ibid., p. 155.

‹331›Barbara W. Tuchman, The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam (1984), p. 43.1. Taylour, p. 159.

‹332›Homer, The Iliad, Book 3; this translation is E. V. Rieu’s (1950).

‹333›Virgil, The Aeneid, 2.13–20, translated by C. Day Lewis (1950).

‹334›Ibid., 2265-267,327.

‹335›E. V. Rieu, «Introduction», in Homer, The Iliad (1950), p. XIV.

‹336›Chadwick, p. 36.

‹337›Clayton, p. 162.

‹338›Herodotus, 1.4.

‹339›Herodotus, 1.5.

‹340›Ibid.

‹341›Thucydides, 1.11.1.

‹342›Homer, The Odyssey, Book 3, Samuel Butler translation (1898).

‹343›Thucydides, 1.12.2.

‹344›J. Legge and С. Waltham translation, quoted by Chang, p. 12.

‹345›Fairbank and Goldman, p. 34.

‹346›J.A.G. Roberts, p. 67.

‹347›Ibid., p. 8.

‹348›Chang, pp. 32–35.

‹349›A. Waley translation, quoted in Chang, p. 13.

‹350›Cotterell, China, p. 24.

‹351›Keay, p. 26.

‹352›Ranbir Vohra, The Making of India: A Historical Survey (2001), pp. 3–4.

‹353›Keay, p. 29. Мандола может также означать нечто округлое.

‹354›The Rig Veda, translated by Franklin Edgerton in The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy (1965), pp. 52–56.

‹355›Kulke and Rothermand, p. 35.

‹356›Thapar, Early India, p. 114.

‹357›Redfbrd, Egypt, p. 247.