Наталья Климович - Переводим тексты по экономике = Translating Economy

Учебное пособие «Переводим тексты по экономике / Translating economy» предназначено для занятий по практическому курсу перевода английского языка в рамках учебных дисциплин « Профессионально-ориентированный перевод на иностранном языке » и « Практикум по профессионально-ориентированному переводу на иностранном языке » для обучающихся по направлению 38.03.01 Экономика (программа 38.03.01.12 Международная экономика ). Настоящее пособие посвящено некоторым ключевым аспектам профессионально-ориентированного устного и письменного перевода в области экономической тематики и является логическим продолжением учебных пособий «Красноярский край: экономика. Практикум по письменному и устному переводу с листа» (С.В. Бершадская, В.А. Разумовская, У.В. Смирнова) и «Красноярский край: вопросы регионального развития. Практикум профессионально-ориентированного письменного перевода и перевода с листа» (В.А. Разумовская, Н.В. Климович, Я.В. Соколовский), опубликованных в Сибирском федеральном университете в 2010 и 2015 годах.

Текстовой материал представленного пособия и используемая система упражнений направлены на формирование у студентов основных переводческих компетенций (языковой, коммуникативной, дискурсивной), а также обязательной для профессионального иноязычного общения межкультурной коммуникативной компетенции. В пособии гармонично сочетаются задания, ориентированные на письменный и устный перевод текстов экономической тематики. Материал пособия способствует усвоению систематизированных знаний, умений и навыков, позволяющих обучающимся осуществлять эффективную иноязычную и межкультурную профессиональную речевую деятельность. В лексическом плане особое внимание уделяется единицам, содержащим прецизионную информацию, а также наиболее частотным, клишированным единицам подъязыка экономики. Материал учебного пособия составили актуальные и современные тексты различных жанров из англоязычных и русскоязычных научных, научно-популярных, публицистических и деловых изданий. Тексты, используемые в данном учебном пособии, являются фрагментами текстов, опубликованных в открытых источниках, и используются исключительно в учебно-методических целях. Авторы пособия использовали опыт преподавания практического курса профессионально-ориентированного английского языка в Сибирском федеральном университете и практический опыт письменного и устного перевода на научных и общественных мероприятиях различного уровня в Красноярском крае.

Пособие организовано на основе базовых методологических принципов системности, последовательности, целостности, комплементарности, интерактивности, взаимосвязанности обучения различным видам речевой деятельности на родном и иностранном языках, а также перевода как особого вида межкультурной коммуникации

1. Translate from Russian into English using proper prepositions:

11 ноября 1615 г., 18 марта 1066 г., (назначено) на 9 апреля 1988 г. вечером 11 сентября 2001 г., накануне 31 марта 2003 г., после 18 декабря 2019 г., до 27 октября 1963 г., в 4 утра 22 июня 1941 г., вплоть до 15 мая 1535 г., (датировано) 9 января 1905 г., о 29 февраля 1988 г.

2. Say the time in English:

08.40; 17.35; 18.03; 09.04; 20.15; 19.27; 16.54; 23.30; 0.00; 15.05; 03.55; 09.17; 06.07; 07.06; 13.41; 21.38; 22.39; 12.19; 14.26; 05.48; 04.32; 02.20.

3. Say in words:

1,7 %; 1,000,345; $475; £ 236; 圓 88; ¥ 32; 14,57 %; € 589; Rs 32,000; ₪ 56; 25,750; 45 ha; 50 mph; 20 ml; 10 9Hz; 230 V.

Reading

4. Read the text.

The word economy comes from the Greek word oikonomos , which means “one who manages a household.” At first, this origin might seem peculiar. But in fact, households and economies have much in common.

A household faces many decisions. It must decide which members of the household do which tasks and what each member gets in return: Who cooks dinner? Who does the laundry? Who gets the extra dessert at dinner? Who gets to choose what TV show to watch? In short, the household must allocate its scarce resources among its various members, taking into account each member’s abilities, efforts, and desires.

Like a household, a society faces many decisions. A society must find some way to decide what jobs will be done and who will do them. It needs some people to grow food, other people to make clothing, and still others to design computer software. Once society has allocated people (as well as land, buildings, and machines) to various jobs, it must also allocate the output of goods and services they produce. It must decide who will eat caviar and who will eat potatoes. It must decide who will drive a Ferrari and who will take the bus. The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce.

Scarcitymeans that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. Just as each member of a household cannot get everything he or she wants, each individual in a society cannot attain the highest standard of living to which he or she might aspire.

Economicsis the study of how society manages its scarce resources. In most societies, resources are allocated not by an all-powerful dictator but through the combined actions of millions of households and firms. Economists therefore study how people make decisions: how much they work, what they buy, how much they save, and how they invest their savings. Economists also study how people interact with one another. For instance, they examine how the multitude of buyers and sellers of a good together determine the price at which the good is sold and the quantity that is sold. Finally, economists analyze forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole, including the growth in average income, the fraction of the population that cannot find work, and the rate at which prices are rising. The study of economics has many facets, but it is unified by several central ideas.

To understand why people choose to depend on others for goods and services and how this choice improves their lives, let’s look at a simple economy. Imagine that there are two goods in the world: meat and potatoes. And there are two people in the world – a cattle rancher and a potato farmer – each of whom would like to eat both meat and potatoes.

The gains from trade are most obvious if the rancher can produce only meat and the farmer can produce only potatoes. In one scenario, the rancher and the farmer could choose to have nothing to do with each other. But after several months of eating beef roasted, boiled, broiled, and grilled, the rancher might decide that self-sufficiency is not all it’s cracked up to be. The farmer, who has been eating potatoes mashed, fried, baked, and scalloped, would likely agree. It is easy to see that trade would allow them to enjoy greater variety: Each could then have a steak with a baked potato or a burger with fries.

Although this scene illustrates most simply how everyone can benefit from trade, the gains would be similar if the rancher and the farmer were each capable of producing the other good, but only at great cost. Suppose, for example, that the potato farmer is able to raise cattle and produce meat, but that he is not very good at it. Similarly, suppose that the cattle rancher is able to grow potatoes but that her land is not very well suited for it. In this case, the farmer and the rancher can each benefit by specializing in what he or she does best and then trading with the other.

From: Gregory N. Mankiw. Principles of Economics. 6 thedition. Central-Western Cengage Learning, 2012.

5. Explain (in the original language) the following words and expressions from the text:

6. Give a written translation of the text (or some part of it – in accordance with the teacher’s task) into Russian.

7. Work in the group of three. “Back- translate” orally your Russian translation of the text into English.

8 . Find equivalents to the following words and expressions:

Verb+ economy: build economy, rebuild economy, control economy, handle economy, manage economy, manipulate economy, operate economy, regulate economy, run economy, boost economy, develop economy, expand economy, help economy, improve economy, kick-start economy, reinvigorate economy, rescue economy, revive economy, stabilize economy, stimulate economy, strengthen economy, liberalize economy, damage economy, harm economy, weaken economy, wreck economy.

economy + Verb: economy can develop, expand, flourish, grow; be in/go into recession, collapse, contract, fail, slow, stagnate; pick up, recover, stabilize.

Phrases: employed in all sectors of the economy, the backbone/mainstay of the economy, growth in/of the economy, the president’s handling of the economy, the size of the economy, the state of the economy.