Юваль Харари - Homo Deus. Краткая история будущего

Дейта, Кирк – персонажи научно-фантастического телесериала «Звездный путь». – Здесь и далее, за исключением особо оговоренных случаев, прим. перев.

NASDAQ ( National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation ) – американская биржа, специализирующаяся на акциях высокотехнологичных компаний (производство электроники, программного обеспечения и т. п.).

Meika Loe, Te Rise of Viagra: How the Little Blue Pill Changed Sex in America (New York: New York University Press, 2004).

Brian Morgan, ‘Saints and Sinners: Sir Harold Gillies’, Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England , 95:6 (2013), 204–205; Donald W. Buck II, ‘A Link to Gillies: One Surgeon’s Quest to Uncover His Surgical Roots’, Annals of Plastic Surgery 68:1 (2012), 1–4.

Paolo Santoni-Rugio, A History of Plastic Surgery (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007); P. Niclas Broer, Steven M. Levine and Sabrina Juran, ‘Plastic Surgery: Quo Vadis? Current Trends and Future Projections of Aesthetic Plastic Surgical Procedures in the United States’, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 133:3 (2014): 293e–302e.

Евгеника (от др.-греч. εὐγενής – «хорошего рода, благородный») – учение о селекции применительно к человеку, а также о путях улучшения его наследственных свойств.

В пробирке ( лат .).

Holly Firfer, ‘How Far Will Couples Go to Conceive?’, CNN, 17 June 2004, accessed 3 May 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2004/HEALTH/03/12/infertility.treatment/index.html?iref=allsearch.

Rowena Mason and Hannah Devlin, ‘MPs Vote in Favour of “Three-Person Embryo” Law’, Guardian , 3 February 2015, accessed 3 May 2015, http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/feb/03/mps-vote-favour-three-person-embryo-law.

Этот слоган предвыборной кампании Билла Клинтона был придуман его политическим советником Джеймсом Карвиллом.

Новое время (или Новая история) – условное историческое понятие, обозначающее период истории человечества, следующий за Средневековьем.

Lionel S. Smith and Mark D. E. Fellowes, ‘Towards a Lawn without Grass: Te Journey of the Imperfect Lawn and Its Analogues’, Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscape 33:3 (2013), 158–159; John Dixon Hunt and Peter Willis, ed., Te Genius of the Place: Te English Landscape Garden 1620–1820 , 5th edn (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000), 1–45; Anne Helmriech, Te English Garden and National Identity: Te Competing Styles of Garden Design 1870–1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 1–6.

Фавелы – трущобы в городах Бразилии, часто расположенные на склонах гор.

Robert J. Lake, ‘Social Class, Etiquette and Behavioral Restraint in British Lawn Tennis’, International Journal of the History of Sport 28:6 (2011), 876–894; Beatriz Colomina, ‘Te Lawn at War: 1941–1961’, in Te American Lawn , ed. Georges Teyssot (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999), 135–153; Virginia Scott Jenkins, Te Lawn: History of an American Obsession (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1994).

‘Canis lupus’ , IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/3746/1; ‘Fact Sheet: Gray Wolf’, Defenders of Wildlife , accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.defenders.org/gray-wolf/basic-facts; ‘Companion Animals’, IFAH , accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.ifaheurope.org/companion-animals/about-pets.html; ‘Global Review 2013’, World Animal Protection, accessed 20 December 2014, https://www.worldanimalprotection.us.org/sites/default/fles/us_fles/global_review_2013_0.pdf.

Anthony D. Barnosky, ‘Megafauna Biomass Tradeof as a Driver of Quaternary and Future Extinctions’, PNAS 105:1 (2008), 11543–11548; for wolves and lions: William J. Ripple et al., ‘Status and Ecological Efects of the World’s Largest Carnivores’, Science 343:6167 (2014), 151; если верить доктору Стэнли Корену, сегодня на планете живет около 500 млн собак. См.: Stanley Coren, ‘How Many Dogs Are There in the World’, Psychology Today , 19 September 2012, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/canine-corner/201209/how-many-dogs-are-there-in-the-world; о мировой популяции кошек см.: Nicholas Wade, ‘DNA Traces 5 Matriarchs of 600 Million Domestic Cats’, New York Times , 29 June 2007, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/health/29iht-cats.1.6406020.html; подробнее об африканских буйволах см.: ‘Syncerus cafer’, IUCN Red List of Treatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/21251/0; подробнее о популяции крупного рогатого скота см.: David Cottle and Lewis Kahn, ed., Beef Cattle Production and Trade (Collingwood: Csiro, 2014), 66; подробнее о домашних курах см.: ‘Live Animals’, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Statistical Division , accessed December 20, 2014, http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QA/E; подробнее о популяции шимпанзе см.: ‘Pan troglodytes’, IUCN Red List of Treatened Species, accessed 20 December 2014, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15933/0.

‘Living Planet Report 2014’, WWF Global, accessed 20 December 2014, http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/ living_planet_report/.

Richard Inger et al., ‘Common European Birds are Declining Rapidly While Less Abundant Species’ Numbers Are Rising’, Ecology Letters 18:1 (2014), 28–36; ‘Live Animals’, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, accessed 20 December 2014,http://faostat.fao.org/site/573/default.aspx#ancor.

Simon L. Lewis and Mark A. Maslin, ‘Defining the Anthropocene’, Nature 519 (2015), 171–180.

Timothy F. Flannery, Te Future Eaters: An Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and Peoples (Port Melbourne: Reed Books Australia, 1994); Anthony D. Barnosky et al., ‘Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents’, Science 306:5693 (2004), 70–75; Bary W. Brook and David M. J. S. Bowman, ‘Te Uncertain Blitzkrieg of Pleistocene Megafauna’, Journal of Biogeography 31:4 (2004), 517–523; Giford H. Miller et al., ‘Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction’, Science 309:5732 (2005), 287–290; Richard G. Roberts et al., ‘New Ages for the Last Australian Megafauna: Continent Wide Extinction about 46 000 Years Ago’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1888–1892; Stephen Wroe and Judith Field, ‘A Review of Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation’, Quaternary Science Reviews 25:21–2 (2006), 2692–2703; Barry W. Brooks et al., ‘Would the Australian Megafauna Have Become Extinct If Humans Had Never Colonised the Continent? Comments on “A Review of the Evidence for a Human Role in the Extinction of Australian Megafauna and an Alternative Explanation” by S. Wroe and J. Field’, Quaternary Science Reviews 26:3–4 (2007), 560–564; Chris S. M. Turney et al., ‘Late-Surviving Megafauna in Tasmania, Australia, Implicate Human Involvement in their Extinction’, PNAS 105:34 (2008), 12150–12153; John Alroy, ‘A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene Megafaunal Mass Extinction’, Science 292:5523 (2001), 1893–1896; J. F. O’Connel and J. Allen, ‘Pre-LGM Sahul (Australia-New Guinea) and the Archaeology of Early Modern Humans’, in Rethinking the Human Evolution: New Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origin and Dispersal of Modern Humans , ed. Paul Mellars (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2007), 400–401.

Graham Harvey, Animism: Respecting the Living World (Kent Town: Wakefeld Press, 2005); Rane Willerslev, Soul Hunters: Hunting, Animism and Personhood Among the Siberian Yukaghirs (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007); Elina Helander-Renvall, ‘Animism, Personhood and the Nature of Reality: Sami Perspectives’, Polar Record 46:1 (2010), 44– 56; Istvan Praet, ‘Animal Conceptions in Animism and Conservation’, in Routledge Handbook of Human-Animal Studies , ed. Susan McHaugh and Garry Marvin (New York: Routledge, 2014), 154–167; Nurit Bird-David, ‘Animism Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology’, Current Anthropology 40 (1999): s67–91; N. Bird-David, ‘Animistic Epistemology: Why Some Hunter-Gatherers Do Not Depict Animals’, Ethnos 71:1 (2006): 33–50.

Быт., 3: 19.

Howard N. Wallace, ‘Te Eden Narrative’, Harvard Semitic Monographs 32 (1985), 147–181.

David Adams Leeming and Margaret Adams Leeming, Encyclopedia of Creation Myths (Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, 1994), 18; Sam D. Gill, Storytracking: Texts, Stories, and Histories in Central Australia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998); Emily Miller Bonney, ‘Disarming the Snake Goddess: A Reconsideration of the Faience Figures from the Temple Repositories at Knossos’, J ournal of Mediterranean Archaeology 24:2 (2011), 171–190; David Leeming, Te Oxford Companion to World Mythology (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 350.

Согласно теории американского нейрофизиолога Пола Маклина, человеческий мозг состоит из трех частей, насаженных одна на другую по принципу матрешки. Центральная часть – это так называемый древний мозг, мозг рептилий.

Давление отбора – показатель интенсивности действия естественного отбора. Зависит от внешних факторов среды, межвидовой и внутривидовой конкуренции.