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Ibid.

Парсонс сразу же взяла в свою галерею Ротко, Ньюмана и Стилла. См.: Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith, Jackson Pollock: An American Saga (New York: C. N. Potter, 1989), 545.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 77.

Биограф Дебора Соломон пишет, что этот случай, скорее всего, был единичным. См.: Deborah Solomon, Jackson Pollock: A Biography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987), 127–128.

B. H. Friedman, Jackson Pollock: Energy Made Visible (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 180.

Dore Ashton, “Artists and Dealers,” in A History of the Western Art Market: A Sourcebook of Writings on Artists, Dealers, and Markets , ed. Titia Hulst (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017), 317.

Гуггенхайм прекратила выплачивать пособие в 1948 году. “No Limits, Just Edges: Jackson Pollock Paintings on Paper,” Guggenheim Museum, www.guggenheim.org/exhibition/no-limits-just-edges-jackson-pollock-paintings-on-paper.

Philip Hook, Rogues’ Gallery: The Rise (and Occasional Fall) of Art Dealers, the Hidden Players in the History of Art (New York: Experiment, 2017), 239.

Этот эпизод относится к декабрю 1947 года. См.: Harold Rosenberg, Barnett Newman (New York: Abrams, 1978), 234.

Ann Temkin, Barnett Newman (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2002), 158.

Цит. по: James E. B. Breslin, Mark Rothko: A Biography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 251, 335.

Solomon, Jackson Pollock , 177–178.

См.: Mary V. Dearborn, Ernest Hemingway: A Biography (New York: Knopf, 2017), 691.

См.: Robert Motherwell, “The School of New York,” manifesto, January 1, 1951, transcribed by Smithsonian Digital Volunteers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Термин «живопись действия» первым ввел Гарольд Розенберг. См.: Harold Rosenberg, “The American Action Painters,” ARTnews , December 1952, 22.

“Colour Field Painting,” Tate, www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/c/colour-field-painting.

William Grimes, “Grace Hartigan, 86, Abstract Painter, Dies,” New York Times , November 18, 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/11/18/arts/design/18hartigan.html.

Mark Stevens and Annalyn Swan, De Kooning: An American Master (New York: Knopf, 2004), 209.

Ibid., 251.

Ibid., 271.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 20.

Ibid., 178.

Ibid., 41.

Ibid., 54.

John Yau, “The Legendary Betty Parsons Meets the Not-So-Legendary Betty Parsons,” Hyperallergic , July 9, 2017, https://hyperallergic.com/389386/betty-parsons-invisible-presence-alexander-gray-associates-2017/.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 61.

Ibid., 72.

Ibid., 81.

“Jackson Pollock,” Collection Online, Guggenheim Museum, www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/jackson-pollock; “The Post-War Period, 1948–1973,” La Biennale di Venezia, www.labiennale.org/en/history/post-war-period-and-60s; “History, 1985–2018,” La Biennale di Venezia, www.labiennale.org/en/history.

Patricia Albers, Joan Mitchell: Lady Painter (New York: Knopf, 2011), 139.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 94–95.

Artspace Editors, “Dealer Betty Parsons Pioneered Male Abstract Expressionists – But Who Were the Unrecognized Women Artists She Exhibited?” Artspace , April 3, 2017, www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/book_report/dealer-betty-parsons-pioneered-male-abstract-expressionistsbut-who-were-the-unrecognized-women-54682.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 102.

“Chronology,” Barnett Newman Foundation, www.barnettnewman.org/artist/chronology; Hilarie M. Sheets, “Clyfford Still, Unpacked,” Art in America , November 1, 2011, www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/magazine/clyfford-still-unpacked/.

Breslin, Mark Rothko , 335.

Interview with Sidney Janis, October 15–November 18, 1981, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Clayton Press, “Motherwell to Hofmann: The Samuel Kootz Gallery, 1945–1966 at Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, NY,” Forbes , February 18, 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/claytonpress/2018/02/18/motherwell-to-hofmann-the-samuel-kootz-gallery-1945-1966-at-neuberger-museum-of-art-purchase-ny/#30a553e443c0.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 102; Jennifer Farrell et al., The History and Legacy of Samuel M. Kootz and the Kootz Gallery (Charlottesville: Fralin Museum of Art at the University of Virginia, 2017), 78.

“Sidney Janis Gallery,” Archives Directory for the History of Collecting in America, Frick Collection, http://research.frick.org/directoryweb/browserecord.php? – action=browse&-recid=6222.

Interview with Sidney Janis, October 15 – November 18, 1981, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Laura De Coppet and Alan Jones, The Art Dealers (New York: Cooper Square Press, 2002), 37.

Willem de Kooning, Excavation , 1950, oil on canvas, 205.7 x 254.6 cm, Art Institute Chicago, www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/76244.

Barbara Hess and Willem de Kooning, Willem de Kooning, 1904–1997: Content as a Glimpse (Cologne: Taschen, 2004), 42.

“Willem de Kooning,” Art Bios, March 8, 2011, https://artbios.net/3-en.html.

Ben Heller, interview by Avis Berman, Museum of Modern Art Oral History Program, April 18, 2001, 5.

Ibid., 26.

Ibid., 5; Jed Perl, “The Opportunist,” New Republic , October 20, 2010, https://newrepublic.com/article/78555/the-opportunist-leo-castelli-art.

Perl, “The Opportunist.”

Ben Heller, interview by Avis Berman, Museum of Modern Art Oral History Program, April 18, 2001, 5.

Jackson Pollock, One: Number 31, 1950 , 1950, oil and enamel paint on canvas, 8’ 10” × 17’ 5 5/8» (269.5 × 530.8 cm), Museum of Modern Art, New York, www.moma.org/collection/works/78386.

Naifeh and Smith, Jackson Pollock: An American Saga , 765.

Ibid. По словам Бадда Хопкинса, этот подарок был сделан «в знак признательности за его [Хеллера] преданность творчеству Поллока». См. также: Friedman, Jackson Pollock: Energy Made Visible , 199.

Laurie Gwen Shapiro, “An Eye-Popping Mid-Century Apartment Filled with Pollocks, Klines, and De Koonings,” New York , October 27, 2017, www.thecut.com/2017/10/ben-hellers-mid-century-nyc-apartment.html.

В английском варианте название картины «Обмен» («Смешение») иногда указывают как Interchange , однако корректным является написание Interchanged (1955). См.: John Elderfield, De Kooning: A Retrospective (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2012), 32.

Закон США, по которому лицам, служившим на фронте во время Второй мировой войны, выделялись стипендии для получения образования и предоставлялись другие льготы. – Примеч. переводчика.

Hall, Betty Parsons , 94–95, 180; Holland Cotter, “Ellsworth Kelly, Who Shaped Geometries on a Bold Scale, Dies at 92,” New York Times , December 27, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/12/28/arts/ellsworth-kelly-artist-who-mixed-european-abstraction-into-everyday-life-dies-at-92.html; John Russell, “Art: Jack Youngerman at the Guggenheim,” New York Times , March 7, 1986, www.nytimes.com/1986/03/07/arts/art-jack-youngerman-at-the-guggenheim.html?pagewanted=all; “Ellsworth Kelly: Biography,” Hollis Taggart, 2017, www.hollistaggart.com/artists/ellsworth-kelly.

Слово slip имеет, в частности, значения «стапель», «аппарель». – Примеч. переводчика.

Holland Cotter, “Where City History Was Made, a 50’s Group Made Art History,” New York Times , January 5, 1993, www.nytimes.com/1993/01/05/arts/where-city-history-was-made-a-50-s-group-made-art-history.html.

Ibid.

Hans Namuth, Artists on the Roof of 3–5 Coenties Slip (left to right: Delphine Seyrig, Duncan Youngerman, Robert Clark, Ellsworth Kelly, Jack Youngerman, and Agnes Martin), ca. 1967, photograph, Hans Namuth Archive, Center For Creative Photography.

Alanna Martinez, “How Rauschenberg Elevated Tiffany’s Window Displays into an Art Form,” Observer , December 30, 2016, http://observer.com/ 2016/12/robert-rauschenberg-tiffany-windows/.

Grace Glueck, “Alfred Hamilton Barr Jr. Is Dead; Developer of Modern Art Museum,” New York Times , August 16, 1981, www.nytimes.com/ 1981/08/16/obituaries/alfred-hamilton-barr-jr-is-dead-developer-of-modern-art-museum.html?pagewanted=all.

Ibid.

В 1958–1959 годах выставка «Новая американская живопись» объехала восемь европейских стран.

Interview with Sidney Janis, October 15 – November 18, 1981, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Leo Castelli, interview, May 14, 1969 – June 8, 1973, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.