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[34]Визит в рамках исследований и личные интервью автора.

[35]Zuboff, In the Age of the Smart Machine; см. также Joanne Gordon, “The Hands-on, Logged-on Worker,” Forbes, October 30, 2000, pp. 136–142.

Глава 3

[1]См.: Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society. New York: Basic Books, 1973; Peter Drucker, The Age of Discontinuity. New York: HarperCollins, 1969 (издана на русском языке: Друкер П. Эпоха разрыва. Ориентиры для нашего меняющегося общества. М. : Вильямс, 2007); Peter Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society. New York: Harper Business, 199; Fritz Machlup, The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962; Erik Olin Wright, Classes. London: Verso, 1990, Class Counts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 199); Class Crisis and the State. London: Verso, paperback reissue, 1996.

[2]Robert Reich, The Work of Nations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.

[3]Paul Fussell, Class: A Guide Through the American Status System. New York: Summit, 1983.

[4]Steven Barley, The New World of Work. London: British North American Committee, 1996, p. 7.

[5]Steven Brint, “Professionals and the Knowledge Economy: Rethinking the Theory of the Postindustrial Society,” Current Sociology 49 (1) (July 2001): 101–132.

[6]David Brooks, Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000 (издана на русском языке: Брукс Д. Бобо в раю. Откуда берется новая элита. М. : Ад Маргинем, 2013).

[7]Цит. по: Steve Shuklian, “Marx, Dewey, and the Instrumentalist Approach to Political Economy,” Journal of Economic Issues (September 1995): 781–805.

[8]Barley, The New World of Work.

[9]Edward L. Glaeser, “Review of Richard Florida’s The Rise of the Creative Class,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 35 (5) (2005): 593–596.

[10]По данным анализа Шарлотты Мелландер, коэффициент корреляции довольно высокий — 0,77.

[11]Kevin Stolarick and Elizabeth Currid-Halkett, “Creativity and the Crisis: The Impact of Creative Workers on Regional Unemployment,” Cities: The International Journal of Urban Policy and Planning, forthcoming 2011.

[12]Ken Robinson, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything. London: Penguin Books, 2009 (издана на русском языке: Робинсон К. Призвание. Как найти то, для чего вы созданы, и жить в своей стихии. М. : Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2010).

[13]Richard Florida, Charlotta Mellander, and Kevin Stolarick, “Inside the Black Box of Regional Development—Human Capital, the Creative Class and Tolerance,” Journal of Economic Geography 8 (5) (2008): 615–649.

[14]Todd Gabe, “The Value of Creativity,” in David Emanuel Andersson, Ake Emanuel Andersson, and Charlotta Mellander, eds., Handbook of Creative Cities. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011, pp. 128–145.

[15]David McGranahan and Timothy Wojan, “Recasting the Creative Class to Examine Growth Processes in Rural and Urban Counties,” Regional Studies 41 (2) (2007): 197–216.

[16]Есть одна весьма существенная оговорка: они исключили из рассмотрения данные о таких областям деятельности, как здравоохранение, образование и в определенной степени право, тем самым сократив численность креативного класса примерно на 40 процентов.

[17]Matthew Crawford, Shop Class as Soulcraft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work. New York: Penguin, 2009, p. 51.

[18]См. Kristina Bartsch, “The Employment Projections for 2008–2018,” Monthly Labor Review (November 2009): 3–10. В интернете доступно на сайте: www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2009/11/art1full.pdf.

[19]Barbara Ehrenreich, Nickel and Dimed: On Not Getting By in America. New York: Henry Holt, 2001, 2011.

[20]В 2010 году годовая заработная плата представителей обслуживающего класса составляла в среднем 30 597 долларов, или 41 процент от общего объема заработной платы креативного класса.

[21]См. Hanna Rosin, “The End of Men,” Atlantic (July–August 2010), and online at www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-end-of-men/8135/; and Catherine Rampell, “The Mancession,” New York Times, Economix Blog, August 10, 2009, and online at http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/the-mancession/.

[22]См.: Todd Gabe, Richard Florida, and Charlotta Mellander, “The Creative Class and the Crisis,” Martin Prosperity Institute Research Paper, September 2011.

[23]Stolarick and Currid-Halkett, “Creativity and the Crisis.”

[24]Scott Timberg, “The Creative Class Is a Lie,” Salon, at http://entertainment.salon.com/2011/10/01/creative_class_is_a_lie/?source=newsletter.

[25]См. Richard Florida, Charlotta, Mellander, and Karen King, “The Rise of Women in the Creative Class,” University of Toronto, Martin Prosperity Institute Research Report, October 2011; в интернете доступно на сайте: www.martinprosperity.org/research-and-publications/publication/women-in-the-creative-class. См. также “The Gender Wage Gap: 2009,” Institute for Women’s Policy Research, 2009. В интернете можно найти на сайте: http://www.in.gov/icw/files/IWPR_Wage_Gap_study.pdf.

[26]Самый небольшой разрыв в уровне заработной платы имеет место в сфере образования (8700 долларов), в таких областях, как искусство, дизайн, СМИ, индустрия развлечения и спорт (9400 долларов), а также в сфере биологических наук, естествознания и социологии (9800 долларов). Самый большой разрыв — в области управления (23 400 долларов), права (24 300 долларов) и здравоохранения (26 600 долларов); в области здравоохранения женщины составляют более 75 процентов служащих.

[27]См. Ronald Inglehart, “Globalization and Postmodern Values,” Washington Quarterly 23 (1) (Winter 2000): 215–228; The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977; Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990; Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in Forty-Three Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997; “Culture and Democracy,” in Lawrence Harrison and Samuel Huntington, eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books, 2000, pp. 80–97.

[28]Эта тема рассматривается в моей книге: The Flight of the Creative Class. New York: Harper, 2007.

[29]См.: Charlotta Mellander, Richard Florida, and Jason Rentfrow, “The Creative Class, Post-Industrialism and the Happiness of Nations,” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society (April 2011), в интернете: http://cjres.­oxford­journals.org/­content/­early/­2011/­04/­05/cjres.­rsr006.­abstract

[30]Inglehart, “Globalization and Postmodern Values,” p. 225.

[31]Inglehart, “Culture and Democracy,” p. 84.

Глава 4

[1]Todd Gabe, “The Value of Creativity,” in David Emanuel Andersson, Ake Emanuel Andersson, and Charlotta Mellander, eds., Handbook of Creative Cities. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011, pp. 128–145.

[2]Noreen Malone, “The Kids Are Actually Sort of All Right,” New York, October 16, 2011.

[3]William C. Taylor, “Eric Raymond on Work,” Fast Company (November 1999), p. 200. См. Также: Eric Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly and Associates, 1999.

[4]Peter Drucker, “Beyond the Information Revolution,” Atlantic Monthly 284, October 4, 1999, pp. 47–57, quote from p. 57.

[5]Information Week, Annual Salary Survey, 2000 and 2001.

[6]Из личного интервью автора, лето 2000 года.

[7]Из личного интервью автора, зима 2000 года.

[8]Из личного интервью автора, весна 2000 года.

[9]См. Richard Lloyd, Neo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Postindustrial City. New York: Routledge, 2006.

[10]Laurie Levesque, “Creating New Roles: Understanding Employee Behavior in High Tech Start-Ups,” Academy of Management, Washington, DC, August 2001; and “A Qualitative Study of Organizational Roles in High Tech Start-Up Firms,” Academy of Management, Toronto, 2000.

[11]См. Robert Merton, “Priorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Science,” American Sociological Review 22 (6) (1957): 635–659; The Sociology of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.

[12]См. Partha Dasgupta and Paul David, “Information Disclosure and the Economics of Science and Technology,” in G. Feiwel, ed., Arrow and the Ascent of Modern Economic Theory. New York: New York University Press, 1987; “Toward a New Economics of Science,” Research Policy 23 (3) (May 1994): 487–521. См. также: Paula Stephan, “The Economics of Science,” Journal of Economic Literature 34 (1996): 1199–1235.

[13]Scott Stern, “Do Scientists Pay to Be Scientists?” Management Science 50 (6) (June 2004): 835–853.

[14]Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar.

[15]Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. NewYork: Harper, 1990 (издана на русском языке: Чиксентмихайи М. Поток. Психология оптимального переживания. М. : Альпина нон-фикшн, 2013).

[16]Nick Paumgarten, “There and Back Again,” New Yorker, April 16, 2007.

[17]Tom Rath and Jim Harter, Wellbeing: The Five Essential Elements. Washington, DC: Gallup, 2010.

[18]Официальные результаты опроса о заработной плате, проведенного InformationWeek в 2010 году среди специалистов в сфере страхования, можно найти здесь: www.4shared.com/get/i685EGSa/Information_Week_2010_Salary_S.html.