Киммел Майкл - Гендерное общество

4 Epstein C.F. Multiple Myths and Outcomes of Sex Segregation. P. 191.

Dewey J. Is Coeducation Injurious to Girls? // Ladies Home Journal. 1911. June 11. P. 60.

36 Higginson T.W. Sex and Education // The Woman's Journal. 1874. P. 1 (перепечатано в: History of Woman Suffrage: In 6

vols. / Eds. S.B.Anthony, E.C.Stanton. Rochester, N.Y.: National American Woman Suffrage Association Press, 1881-1922. Vol.

3).

37 IMI I. 766 Fed. Supp. P. 1435; VMI V. 116 S. St. 2264. См. также: Vojdik V.K. Girls' Schools after VMI: Do They Make the Grade? // Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy. 1997. № 4. P. 85; Epstein C.F. Multiple Myths and Outcomes of Sex Segregation. P 108.

38 Faulkner v. Jones, 858 Fed. Supp. 552 1994; Citadel Defendants' Proposed Findings of Fact. P. 1434.

39 См.: Vojdik V.K. Girls' Schools after VMI. P. 76. (Как и всякий, кто начинал учиться в колледже для юношей, а

продолжал учебу в колледже смешанного обучения, я готов под присягой подтвердить, что мужчин в мужском классе

гораздо сильнее отвлекало отсутствие женщин, чем их присутствие в классе совместного обучения. Когда рядом нет

женщин, большинство молодых людей только о них и думают!)

40 Epstein C,F. Multiple Myths and Outcomes of Sex Segregation. P. 206.

41 IMI. 852. Fed. Supp. P. 484; The New York Times, 1994. 9 May.

42 U.S. v. Virginia Military Institute, 116 S. Ct. 2285.

43 Henry T. VMI Cadets of Both Sexes Found «Kit Line* Equal // USA Today. 1998. March 18, P. 8D.

44 Gorman M.O. Front and Center // Runner's World. 1998. March. P. 90.

45 Bowler M. All-Male, All-Black, All Learning // The Baltimore Sun. 1995. October 15; Estrich S. For Girls' Schools and Women's College, Separate Is Better // The New York Times. 1994. May 22.

46 Harlem Girls School vs. The Three Stooges // The New York Observer. 1998. March 30. P. 4.

47 Haag P. Single-Sex Education in Grades K-12: What Does the Research Tell Us? // Separated by Sex. P. 34; Lee V. Is Single-Sex Secondary Schooling a Solution to the Problem of Gender Inequity // Ibid. P. 43; Riordan C. The Future of Single-Sex Schools // Ibid. P. 53; Leslie C. Separate and Unequal? // Newsweek. 1998. March 23. P. 55; Кларк цит. по: Whitaker С. Do Black Males Need Special Schools? // Ebony. 1991. March. P. 18.

48 Sadker M., Sadker D. Failing at Fairness. P. 125-126.

437

35 Hartmann H. Capitalism, Patriarchy and Job Segregation by Sex // Signs. 1976. Vol. l.№ 3. P. 139.

36 Цит. по: Rhode D. Speaking of Sex. P, 144.

37 MacKinnon C. Sexual Harassment of Working Women. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.

38 Henson v. Dundee. 682 F 2d. 897. P. 902.

39 Crawford S. Sexual Harassment at Work Cuts Profits, Poisons Morale // Wall Street Journal. 1993. April 19. P.

llff; Stanko E. Intimate Intrusions. London: Routledge, 1985; Couric E. An NJL/West Survey, Women in the Law: Awaiting Their Turn //National Law Journal. 1989. December 11.

40 Neuborne E. Complaints High from Women in Blue Collar Jobs // USA Today. 1996. May 3-4.

41 De'Ann W Slow Healing at Mitsubishi // US News and World Report. 1997. September 22. P. 74, 76.

42 Rhode D. Speaking of Sex. P 28.

Цит. по: Stanko E. Intimate Intrusions. P. 61.

Crawford S. Sexual Harassment at Work Cuts Profits, Poisons Morale. P, llff.

Steinberg R. How Sex Gets into Your Paycheck. P. 2. 46 См.: Reskin В., Padavic I. Women and Men at Work.

Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press, 1995.

Evans S., Nelson B. Wage Justice: Comparable Worth and the Paradox of Technocratic Reform. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. P. 13; Reskin B. Bringing the Men Back In. P. 21.

48 Цит. по: Rhode D. Speaking of Sex. P. 165, 169.

См., напр.: Schwartz F., Anders G. The Mami Track // Hispanic. 1993. July.

Steinberg R., Cook A. Policies Affecting Women's Employment in Industrial Countries // Women Working / Ed.

A.Stromberg, S.Harkess. Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield, 1988. P. 326.

Mason K.O. Commentary: Strober's Theory of Occupational Sex Segregation // Sex-Segregation in the Workplace / Ed. B.Reskin. P. 169.

Crosby F. Spouse, Parent, Worker: On Gender and Multiple Roles. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990; Peters J. When Mothers Work; Loving Our Children without Sacrificing Ourselves. New York: Addison Wesley, 1997.

Глава 9

Цит. по: Sherrod D. The Bonds of Men: Problems and Possibilities in Close Male Relationships // The Making of Masculinities: The New Men's Studies / Ed. H.Brod. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1987, P. 230; цит. по: Rubin L. Intimate Strangers. New York: Harper and Row, 1983. P. 59.

440

I Wollstonecraft M. A Vindication of the Rights of Women [1792]. London: Penguin, 1969. P. 56; Beauvoir S. de.

The Second Sex. New York: Vintage, 1959. P. 142.

Tiger L. Men in Groups. New York: Vintage, 1969.

Balswick J. The Inexpressive Male: A Tragedy of American Society // The Forty-Nine Percent Majority / Ed.

D.David, R.Brannon. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1976; Komorovsky M. Blue Collar Marriage. New York: Vintage, 1964; Pleck J. The Male Sex Role: Definitions, Problems and Sources of Change //Journal of Social Issues.

1976. Vol. 32. № 3. P. 273.

5 Lewis R. Emotional Intimacy among Men // Journal of Social Issues. 1978. Vol. 34; см. также: Pleck J. The Male Sex Role. P. 273.

Wright P. Men's Friendships, Women's Friendships and the Alleged Inferiority of the Latter // Sex Roles. 1982. Vol.

8. № 1. P. 3; Levinson D. The Seasons of a Man's Life. New York: William Morrow, 1978. P. 335.

Cancian F. The Feminization of Love // Signs. 1986. Vol. 11; Idem. Love in America: Gender and Self-Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

uBrehm S.S. Intimate Relationships. New York: Random House, 1985. P. 346.

Caldwell M., Peplau L. // Sex Differences in Same-Sex Friendships // Sex Roles. 1982. Vol. 8. № 7; Hess B.

Friendship // Aging and Society / Ed. M.Riley, M.Johnson, A.Foner. New York: Russell Sage, 1972.

Davidson L., Duberman L. Friendship: Communication and Interactional Patterns in Same-Sex Dyads // Sex Roles.

1982. \bl. 8. № 8. P. 817.

II Rubin L. Just Friends. New York: Harper and Row, 1985. P. 60-63; idem.

Intimate Strangers. P. 130, 135.

Brehm S.S. Intimate Relationships; Wright P. Men's Friendships, Women's Friendships and the Alleged Inferiority of the Latter; Davidson L., Duberman L. Friendship; Bell R. Worlds of Friendship, Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1981.

Walker K. «I'm Not Friends the Way She's Friends»: Ideological and Behavioral Constructions of Masculinity in Men's Friendships // masculinities. 1994. Vol. 2. № 2. P. 228; Rubin L. Intimate Strangers. P. 104. Более подробно

о влиянии телефона см.: Fischer С. То Dwell among Friends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Miller S. Men and Friendship. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.

Allen G. Friendship — Developing a Sociological Perspective. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1989. P. 66.

Wright P. Men's Friendships, Women's Friendships and the Alleged Inferiority of the Latter. P. 19.

Ashton N.L Exploratory Investigation of Perceptions of Influences on Best-Friend Relationships // Perception and Motor Skills. 1980. Vol. 50; Wall S., Pickert S.M., Paradise L.V. American Men's Friendships: Self-Reports on Meaning and Changes // The Journal of Psychology. 1984. Vol. 116.

441

18 Hacker H. Blabbermouths and Clams: Sex Differences in belt-Disclosure in Same-Sex and Cross-Sex Friendship Dyads // Psychology of Women Quarterly. 1981. Vol. 5. № 3.

19 Swain S. Men's Friendship with Women: Intimacy, Sexual Boundaries, and the Informant Role // Men's Friendships / Ed. P.Nardi. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1992. P. 77, 84. Развернутый обзор

литературы на эту тему см.: Maccoby E., Jacklin С. The Psychology of Sex Differences. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974.

20 Bank B. Friendships in Australia and the United States: From Feminization to a More Heroic Image // Gender & Society. 1995. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 96.

21 Cohen T.F. Men's Families, Men's Friends: A Structural Analysis of Constraints on Men's Social Ties // Men's Friendships / Ed. P.Nardi. P. 117; Allen G. Friendship — Developing a Sociological Perspective. P. 75.

22 Harris S. Black Male Masculinity and Same Sex Friendships // The Western Journal of Black Studies. 1992. Vol.

16. № 2. P. 77; Simmons M. The Truth about Male Friendships // Men's Lives / Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner.

Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997.

Harris S. Black Male Masculinity and Same Sex Friendships. P. 78, 81; см. также: Franklin C.W. «Hey Home» —

«Yo, Bro»: Friendship among Black Men // Men's Friendships / Ed. P.Nardi.

24 Reid H.M., Fine G.A. Self-Disclosure Men's Friendships: Variations Associated with Intimate Relations //

Men's Friendships / Ed. P.Nardi; Tschann J. Self-Disclosure in Adult Friendship: Gender and Marital Status Differences // Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 1988. Vol. 5; Wright P. Men's Friendships, Women's Friendships and the Alleged Inferiority of the Latter. P. 16-17.

25 Rubin L. Intimate Strangers. P. 150,154.

Suttles G. Friendship as a Social Institution // Social Relationships / Ed. G.McCall et al. Chicago: Aldine, 1970. P. 116.

27 Miller S. Men and Friendship. P. 2—3; Rubin L. Intimate Strangers.

P. 103.

?ft

Об этом эксперименте см.: Faderman L. Surpassing the Love of Men.

New York: Columbia University Press, 1981; цит. по: Swain S. Covert Intimacy: Closeness in Men's Friendships // Men's Friendships / Ed. P.Nardi. P. 83—84.

29 Nardi P., Sherrod D. Friendship in the Lives of Gay Men and Lesbians // Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.

1994. Vol. 11; Rubin L. Intimate Strangers. P. 105.

Цит. no: Rubin L. Intimate Strangers. P. 130.

Nardi P. The Politics of Gay Men's Friendships // Men's Lives / Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner. P. 250.

32 Rubin L.Intimate Strangers. P. 58,159, 205.

33 Sherrod D. The Bonds of Men. P. 231.

34 Rubin L.Intimate Strangers. P. 206.

442

Friendships: Male Intimacy and Middle-Class Youth in the Northern United States, 1800-1900 //Journal ofSocial History.

1989. Vol. 23. № I. P. 21.

36 М.Фуко цит. по: Men's Friendships / Ed. P.Nardi. P. 184; Segal L. Slow Motion: Changing Masculinities, Changing Men. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1990. P. 139.

Stone L. Passionate Attachments in the West in Historical Perspective // Passionate Attachments: Thinking about Love /

Ed. W.Gaylon, E.Person. New York: The Free Press, 1988. P. 33; Cancian F. Love in America. P. 70.

1Я

Stone L. Passionate Attachments in the West in Historical Perspective. P. 28.

Stone L. Passionate Attachments in the West in Historical Perspective. P. 32; Gordon M., Bernstein M.C. Mate Choice and Domestic Life in the Nineteenth-Century Marriage Manual // Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1970.

November. P. 668-669.

Goode W.J. The Theoretical Importance of Love // American Sociological Review. 1959. Vol. 24. № 1.