Анетт Асп - Круто! Как подсознательное стремление выделиться правит экономикой и формирует облик нашего мира

Wise, Roy A. 2008. “Dopamine and reward: The anhedonia hypothesis 30 years on.” Neurotoxicity Research 14:169–83.

Schultz, W., P. Apicella, and T. Ljungberg. 1993. “Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task.” Journal of Neuroscience 13:900–913.

Montague, P. Read, Peter Dayan, Christophe Person, and Terrence J. Sejnowski. 1995. “Bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive Hebbian learning.” Nature 377:725–28; Montague, P. R., P. Dayan, and T. J. Sejnowski. 1996.

Некоторые нейрофизиологи, в частности Пол Глимчер из Нью-Йоркского университета, также начали строить свои эксперименты, в том числе по изучению поведения, связанного с вознаграждением, у животных, основываясь на экономической теории. См.: Glimcher, Paul W. 2003. Decisions, Uncertainty, and the Brain: The Science of Neuroeconomics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Среди них стоит особо отметить поведенческих экономистов, таких как Колин Камерер из Калифорнийского технологического, Джордж Левенштайн из Карнеги-Меллон и Дразен Прелек из Массачусетского технологического, которые в 2005 г. совместно создали своего рода манифест нейроэкономики. См.: Camerer, Colin, George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec. 2005. “Neuroeconomics: How neuroscience can inform economics.” Journal of Economic Literature 43:9–64.

Preuschoff, Kerstin, Peter Bossaerts, and Steven R. Quartz. 2005. “Neural differentiation of expected reward and risk in human subcortical structures.” Neuron 51:381–90; Preuschoff, Kerstin, Steven R. Quartz, and Peter Bossaerts. 2008. “Human insula activation reflects risk prediction errors as well as risk.” The Journal of Neuroscience 28:2745–52.

Bruguier, Antoine, Kerstin Preuschoff, Steven Quartz, and Peter Bossaerts. 2008. “Investigating signal integration with canonical correlation analysis of fMRI brain activation data.” NeuroImage 41:35–44.

Она тесно связана с предсказанной полезностью, но экономисты говорят об этом типе полезности отдельно, так как он раскрывается в наших решениях и поэтому играет особую роль в теории выявленных предпочтений.

Redelmeier, Donald A., Joel Katz, and Daniel Kahneman. 2003. “Memories of colonoscopy: A randomized trial.” Pain 104:187–94.

Beierholm, Ulrik R., Cedric Anen, Steven Quartz, and Peter Bossaerts. 2011. “Separate encoding of model-based and model-free valuations in the human brain.” NeuroImage 58:955–62.

Хотя иногда описание мозга как компьютера принимается за метафору, на самом деле он действительно является вычислительной системой. См., например: Quartz, Steven R. 2009. “Reason, emotion and decision-making: Risk and reward computation with feeling.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13:209–15.

Tusche, Anita, Stefan Bode, and John-Dylan Haynes. 2010. “Neural responses to unattended products predict later consumer choices.” The Journal of Neuroscience 30:8024–31.

Вообще это достаточно сложная тема. Более подробно см. в: Quartz, S. R. 2003. “Innateness and the brain.” Biology and Philosophy 18:13–40; Quartz, S. R. 1993. “Neural networks, nativism, and the plausibility of constructivism.” Cognition 48:223–42.

Bushong, Benjamin, Lindsay M. King, Colin F. Camerer, and Antonio Rangel. “Pavlovian processes in consumer choice: The physical presence of a good increases willingness-to-pay.” American Economic Review 100:1–18.

“Grocery cart choice architecture.” 2010. Nudge (blog), August 13. http://nudges.org/2010/08/13/grocery-cart-choice-architecture/.

Wengrow, David. 2008. “Prehistories of commodity branding.” Current Anthropology 49:7–34.

McClure, S. M., J. Li, D. Tomlin, K. S. Cypert, L. M. Montague, and P. R. Montague. 2004. “Neural correlates of behavioral preference for culturally familiar drinks.” Neuron 44:379–87.

Koenigs, Michael, and Daniel Tranel. 2008. “Prefrontal cortex damage abolishes brand-cued changes in cola preference.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 3:1–6.

Bhasin, Kim. 2013. “Lululemon Admits Its PR Disasters Are Hurting Sales.” Huffington Post , December 12. www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/12/lululemon-pr_n_4434580.html.

Dijksterhuis, A., et al. 2006. “On making the right choice: The deliberationwithoutattention effect.” Science 311:1005–07.

O’Doherty, John P., Tony W. Buchanan, Ben Seymour, and Raymond J. Dolan. 2006. “Predictive neural coding of reward preference involves dissociable responses in human ventral midbrain and ventral striatum.” Neuron 49:157–66.

Olenski, Steve. 2013. “Is Brand Loyalty Dying a Slow and Painful Death?” Forbes , January 7. http://www.forbes.com/sites/marketshare/2013/01/07/is-brand-loyalty-dying-a-slow-and-painful-death/.

“Coolquest.” www.nbcnews.com/id/5377665/ns/msnbc-national_geographic_ultimate_explorer/t/coolquest/#.U_i8NfldV8E.

Lattman, Peter. 2007. “The Origins of Justice Stewart’s ‘I Know It When I See It.’ ” The Wall Street Journal , September 27. http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/09/27/the-origins-of-justice-stewarts-i-know-it-when-i-see-it/.

Gladwell, Malcolm. 1997. “The Coolhunt.” The New Yorker , March 17.

Luckerson, Victor. 2013. “Is Facebook Losing Its Cool? Some Teens Think So.” Time , March 8. http://business.time.com/2013/03/08/is-facebook-losing-its-cool-some-teens-think-so/.

Tabuchi, Hiroko. 2013. “Sony’s Bread and Butter? It’s Not Electronics.” The New York Times , May 27. www.nytimes.com/2013/05/28/business/global/sonys-bread-and-butter-its-not-electronics.html.

Jabr, Ferris. 2012. “Does Thinking Really Hard Burn More Calories?” Scientific American , July 18. www.scientificamerican.com/article/thinking-hard-calories/.

Komisaruk, Barry R., and Beverly Whipple. 2005. “Functional MRI of the brain during orgasm in women.” Annual Review of Sex Research 16:62–86.

Semendeferi, Katerina, and Hanna Damasio. 2000. “The brain and its main anatomical subdivisions in living hominoids using magnetic resonance imaging.” Journal of Human Evolution 38:317–332.

Semendeferi, K., et al. 2001. “Prefrontal cortex in humans and apes: A comparative study of area 10.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 114:224–41.

Rosenbaum, R. Shayna, Stefan Kohler, Daniel L. Schacter, Morris Moscovitch, Robyn Westmacott, Sandra E. Black, Fuqiang Gao, and Endel Tulving. 2005. “The case of K.C.: Contributions of a memory-impaired person to memory theory.” Neuropsychologia 43:989–1021.

Обзор в: Northoff, Georg, and Felix Bermpohl. 2004. “Cortical Midline Structures and the Self.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8:102–07; и Wagner, D. D., J. V. Haxby, and T. F. Heatherton. 2012. “The Representation of Self and Person Knowledge in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.” WIREs Cognitive Science 3:451–70.

Идея развития личности через социальную обратную связь очень близка теории «зеркальной личности» Чарльза Кули, созданной им в начале XX века. Действительно, одна из наиболее интересных особенностей МПФК – это ее долгое развитие, которое вполне согласуется с долгим развитием концепции личности.

Weise, Elizabeth. 2010. “93 % of Women Wash Their Hands vs. 77 % of men.” USA Today , September 13. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/yourlife/health/2010–09–13-handwashing14_ST_N.htm?csp=34news.

См. также статью Марка Лири о социометре: Leary, M. R., and R. F. Baumeister. 2000. “The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory.” In M. P. Zanna, ed., Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , Vol. 32, pp. 1–62. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Somerville, Leah H., et al. 2013. “The medial prefrontal cortex and the emergence of self-conscious emotion in adolescence.” Psychological Science 24: 1554–62.

Eisenberger, Naomi I., et al. 2011. “The neural sociometer: Brain mechanisms underlying state self-esteem.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23:3448–55.

Baumeister, Roy F., et al. 2001. “Bad is stronger than good.” Review of General Psychology 5:323–70.

Izuma, Keise, Daisuke N. Saito, and Norihiro Sadato. 2010. “The roles of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum in reputation processing.” Social Neuroscience 5:133–47.

Davey, Christopher G., et al. 2010. “Being liked activates primary reward and midline self-related brain regions.” Human Brain Mapping 31:660–68.

Izuma et al., 2010, “Roles of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum.”

Lin, Alice, Ralph Adolphs, and Antonio Rangel. 2012. “Social and monetary reward learning engage overlapping neural substrates.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 7:274–81.

Leary, Mark R. 2007. “Motivational and emotional aspects of the self.” Annual Review of Psychology 58:317–44.

Bushman, Brad J., Scott J. Moeller, and Jennifer Crocker. 2011. “Sweets, sex, or self-esteem? Comparing the value of self-esteem boosts with other pleasant rewards.” Journal of Personality 79:993–1012.