Мортен Хансен - Великие по собственному выбору

Mary Bellis, “Inventors of the Modern Computer: Intel 4004 – The World’s First Single Chip Microprocessor,” About.com, http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microprocessor.htm.

J. Allard, “Windows: The Next Killer Application on the Internet,” interoffice memo, Microsoft, January 25, 1994, www.microsoft.com/about/…/docs/di_killerapp_InternetMemo.rtf; Kathy Rebello, Amy Cortese, and Rob Hof, “Inside Microsoft: The Untold Story of How the Internet Forced Bill Gates to Reverse Course,” Business Week, July 15, 1996, 35–40; Bill Gates, “How I Work: Bill Gates,” Fortune, April 7, 2006.

Bill Gates, “The Internet Tidal Wave,” May 26, 1995, http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/exhibits/20.pdf; Kathy Rebello, Amy Cortese, and Rob Hof, “Inside Microsoft: The Untold Story of How the Internet Forced Bill Gates to Reverse Course,” Business Week, July 15, 1996, 38; Brent Schlender and Sheree R. Curry, “Software Hardball Microsoft is Spending Billions to Crush Netscape and Control the Internet,” Fortune, September 30, 1996.

Lester B. Orfield, “Federal Amending Power: Genesis and Justiciability,” Minnesota Law Review, 1930, 369–84; “The United States Constitution: Amendments,” U. S. Constitution Online, http://www.usconstitution.net/; “Bill of Rights and Later Amendments,” Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/.

“Centuries of Citizenship: A Constitutional Timeline,” National Constitution Center, http://constitutioncenter.org/timeline/html/cw02.html; Declaration of Independence, USHistory.org, http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/document/.

Эминем “Lose Yourself,” 8 Mile (soundtrack), Universal Import, 2002, компакт-диск.

Источники рассказа о Малкольме Дейли: Malcolm Daly, “Malcolm Daly’s Accident on Thunder Mountain in the Alaska Range on 5/19/99,” Trango, http://www.trango.com/stories/mal_accident.pdf; Dave Krupa, “Jim Donini (Interview),” Denali National Park Jukebox Series, June 30, 2000; личные беседы с автором, февраль 2010-го – апрель 2011-го; “Non-Profit Helps Disabled Enjoy Outdoors,” Sierra Blogging Post, http://blog.sierratradingpost.com/in-outdoors-camping-gear-forest-trails/non-profit-helps-disabled-enjoy-the-outdoors/.

“Donini Bags Three Patagonian First Ascents,” The American Alpine Club, January 12, 2009, http://www.americanalpineclub.org/news/doninibagsthree; “Jim Donini,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Donini; “Jack Tackle: Professional Biography,” Dirty Sox Club, http://dirtysoxclub.wordpress.com/members/jack-tackle/.

4. Gordon M. Binder, Amgen (n.p.: The Newcomen Society of the United States, 1998), 10.

5. James Bates, “Biotech Detective Scores Coup: Amgen Scientist Spent Years Searching for the Key to Producing EPO,” Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1989, 1.

6. Peter Behr, “Boom or Bust in the Biotech Industry,” Environment, July/August 1982,6; Steve Curwood, “Biotech Bellyache,” Boston Globe, August 23, 1983, 1.

7. James Bates, “Biotech Detective Scores Coup: Amgen Scientist Spent Years Searching for the Key to Producing EPO,” Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1989, 1; Gordon M. Binder, Amgen (n.p.: The Newcomen Society of the United States, 1998), 13.

8. Alun Anderson and David Swinbanks, “Growing Pains for Amgen as Epoetin Wins US Approval,” Nature, June 1989, 493; Edmund L. Andrews, “Mad Scientists,” Business Month, May 1990, 54; Edmund L. Andrews, “Patents; Unaddressed Question in Amgen Case,” New York Times, March 9, 1991.

9. Henry Gee, “Amgen Scores a Knockout,” Nature, March 1991, 99; Barry Stavro, “Court Upholds Amgen’s Patent on Anemia Drug Medicine,” Los Angeles Times, March 7, 1991, 1; Edmund L. Andrews, “Amgen Wins Fight Over Drug,” New York Times, March 7, 1991, Dl; Rhonda L. Rundle and David Stipp, “Amgen Wins Biotech Drug Patent Battle,” Wall Street Journal, March 7, 1991, A3; Elizabeth S. Kiesche, “Amgen Wins EPO Battle, but Patent War Goes On,” Chemical Week, March 20, 1991, 16; Paul Hemp, “High Court Refuses Genetics Patent Appeal,” Boston Globe, October 8, 1991, 39.

10. Wade Roush, “‘Fat Hormone’ Poses Hefty Problem for Journal Embargo,” Science, August 4, 1995, 627; Larry Armstrong, John Carey, and Geoffrey Smith, “Will This Drug End Obesity?” Business Week, August 7, 1995, 29; Christiane Truelove, “Bio Biotech, Big Pharma,” Med Ad News, September 1999, 50; David Ewing Duncan, The Amgen Story: 25 Years of Visionary Science and Powerful Medicine (San Diego: Tehabi Books, 2005), 135–36, 157.

11. David Ewing Duncan, The Amgen Story: 25 Years of Visionary Science and Powerful Medicine (San Diego: Tehabi Books, 2005), 135–36, 157.

12. Paul A. Gompers, “The Rise and Fall of Venture Capital,” Business and Economic History, Winter 1994, 2; Carl T. Hall, “Biotechnology Revolution – 20 Years Later,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 28, 1996, Bl.

13. Investors Dream of Genes,” Time, October 20, 1980, 72.

14. Ron Scherer, “Wall Street’s Wild Fling with Hot High Tech,” Christian Science Monitor, October 17, 1980, 1, 17; Robert Lenzner, “Taking Stock,” Boston Globe, October 19, 1980, 1; Adam Lashinsky, “Remembering Netscape: The Birth of the Web,” Fortune, July 25, 2005; Douglas MacMillan, “Google’s Historic IPO: Beatable,” Business Week, August 16, 2007; “Corporate Chronology,” Genentech Inc., http://www.gene.com/gene/about/corporate/history/timeline.html.

15. “Robert A. Swanson 70 (1947–1999),” MIT Entrepreneurship Center-Legendary Leaders and Memorials, http://entrepreneurship.mit.edu/legendary_leaders_memorials.php; “Timeline of Biotechnology,” Biotechnology Institute, http://www.biotechinstitute.org/what-is-biotechnology/timeline?tid=103.

16. Ray Snoddy, “Genentech Push to Manufacturing,” Financial Times, June 18, 1982, 13; William D. Marbach, Pamela Abramson, Robb A. Allan, Cynthia Rigg, and Phyllis Malamud, “The Bust in Biotechnology,” Newsweek, July 26, 1982, 73; Peter Behr, “Boom or Bust in the Biotech Industry,” Environment, July/August 1982, 6; Genentech Inc., Fiscal 1985 Annual Report (San Francisco: Genentech Inc., 1985).

17. Jerry E. Bishop, “Genentech Seeks Human Tests of Drug to Dissolve Clots During Heart Attacks,” Wall Street Journal, November 16, 1983, 60; “Licensing of Activase Marks New Era in Treating Heart Attacks,” Genentech, Inc. Press Releases, November 13, 1987, http://www.gene.com/gene/news/press-releases/display.do?method=detail&id=4271; Marilyn Chase, “Genentech Expected to Post Strong Net for 1987, Spurred by Launch of TPA,” Wall Street Journal, January 12, 1988, 1.

18. Nell Henderson, “Biotech Breakthrough Focuses on Heart Attacks; Survival Tech Works on Delivering New Drug,” Washington Post, October 12, 1986, HI.

19. Andrea Gabor and Peter Dworkin, “Superdrugs from Genetic Secrets,” U. S. News & World Report, March 24, 1986, 54; Joan O’C. Hamilton, “Biotech’s First Superstar,” Business Week, April 14, 1986, 68; Louise Kehoe, “Fresh Blood and New Heart; Eagle Eye,” Financial Times, January 19, 1988, 32.

20. The TIMI Study Group, “Comparison of Invasive and Conservative Strategies after Treatment with Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Myocardial Infarction,” New England Journal of Medicine, March 9, 1989, 320, 618–27; Lawrence K. Altman, “Study Finds No Difference in 2 Heart Attach [sic] Drugs,” New York Times, March 30, 1989; Michael Waldholz, “Genentech Heart Drug Dealt Critical Blow-Head to Head Study Finds TPA Is Only As Effective As Rival Streptokinase,” Wall Street Journal, March 30, 1989.

21. Michael Waldholz, “Heart Attack Study May Spur Use of Less-Costly TPA Alternative,” Wall Street Journal, August 12, 1988, 1; Richard L. Hudson, “Genentech’s Heart Drug TPA Appears Only to Equal Its Rivals, Report Says,” Wall Street Journal, September 2, 1988, 1; Marilyn Chase, “Lost Euphoria: Genentech, Battered by Great Expectations, Is Tightening Its Belt,” Wall Street Journal, October 11, 1988, 1; Marilyn Chase, “Little Difference is Found Between TPA and Rival in Small Study of Heart Drugs,” Wall Street Journal, November 14, 1988, 1; Michael Waldholz, “Genentech Heart Drug Dealt Critical Blow – Head to Head Study Finds TPA Is Only As Effective As Rival Streptokinase,” Wall Street Journal, March 30, 1989, 1; “Genentech’s Fortunes: A Boost for CD4 and ’Crosscurrents’ in 1988,” Pharmaceutical Business News, April 14, 1989; Sabin Russell, “Heart-Attack Drug Study is a Blow to Genentech,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 9, 1990, Al; “Heart-Attack Drugs: Trials and Tribulations,” Economist, March 16, 1991, 86; Genentech Inc., Fiscal 1989 Annual Report (San Francisco: Genentech Inc., 1989).

22. Charles Petit, “Genentech Beats Cheaper Rival in Battle of Heart Attack Drugs,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 1, 1993, Al; Genentech Inc., Fiscal 1994 Annual Report (San Francisco: Genentech Inc., 1994).

Gene Bylinsky, “How Intel Won Its Bet on Memory Chips,” Fortune, November 1973, 184; Thomas C. Hayes, “Intel’s Earnings Grew Sharply in Fourth Quarter,” New York Times, January 14, 1984.

Gordon M. Binder, Amgen (n.p.: The Newcomen Society of the United States, 1998), 10.

James Bates, “Biotech Detective Scores Coup: Amgen Scientist Spent Years Searching for the Key to Producing EPO,” Los Angeles Times, June 2, 1989, 1; David Ewing Duncan, The Amgen Story: 25 Years of Visionary Science and Powerful Medicine (San Diego: Tehabi Books, 2005), 66, 71; Edmund L. Andrews, “Mad Scientists,” Business Month, May 1990, 54; Pamela Sherrid, “Biotech Battle Royale,” U. S. News 6 World Report, March 20, 2000, 52; “Billion Dollar Babies: Biotech Drugs as Blockbusters,” Nature Biotechnology, April 2007.

White, Weld & Co. and McDonald & Company, “Prospectus: The Progressive Corporation Common Stock,” The Progressive Corporation, April 15, 1971; April Dougal Gasbarre (updated by David Bianco), “The Progressive Corporation,” International Directory of Company Histories (New York: St. James Press, 1999), 397; The Progressive Corporation, Fiscal 2000 Annual Report (Mayfield Village, OH: The Progressive Corporation, 2000).

James Wallace and Jim Erickson, Hard Drive (New York: Harper-Business, 1992), 20, 27, 53, 67, 71–76.

According to Table 1, page 23, in the Bukoski and Korotkin article cited here, in 1970, 3.9 percent of U.S. public secondary schools used computers for instruction. William J. Bukoski and Arthur L. Korotkin, “Computing Activities in Secondary Education,” American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, September 1975, 2–30; Andrew Molnar, “Computers in Education: A Brief History,” THE Journal, June 1, 1997.

Andrew Molnar, “Computers in Education: A Brief History,” THE Journal, June 1, 1997.

James Wallace and Jim Erickson, Hard Drive (New York: Harper-Business, 1992), 76–77, 97, 110.

Jeffrey L. Rodengen, The Spirit of AMD: Advanced Micro Devices (Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises Inc., 1998), 127; Stephen Kreider Yoder, “Changing Game: Intel Faces Challenge to Its Dominance in Microprocessors,” Wall Street Journal, April 8, 1991, Al; Ken Siegmann, “Intel Loses Copyright Suit Against Rival,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 11, 1994, Al; Jim Carlton and Stephen Kreider Yoder, “Computers: Humble Pie: Intel to Replace its Pentium Chips,” Wall Street Journal, December 21, 1994, Bl; Don Clark, “Intel’s 4th Period Net Fell 37 % on Big Charge for Pentium Woes,” Wall Street Journal, January 18, 1995, B6; Stewart Alsop and Patty de Llosa, “Can AMD Avoid the Intel Graveyard?” Fortune, April 14, 1997; Ira Sager and Andy Reinhardt, “Chipping at Intel’s Lead,” Business Week, October 19, 1998, 46; Advanced Micro Devices, Fiscal 1994 and 1998 Annual Reports (Sunnyvale, VA: Advanced Micro Devices, 1994 and 1998.