Валид Фарес - Революция грядет: борьба за свободу на Ближнем Востоке

1Подробно об истории Персии см.: Molesworth Sykes, A History of Persia , Hesperides Press, (November 4, 2008); см. также: Lindsay Allen, The Persian Empire , University of Chicago Press, December 20, 2005. О завоевании Персии Халифатом см. Efraim Karsh, Islamic Imperialism: A History , Yale University Press.

2О социологическом и экономическом анализе в период новой истории Ирана см.: Ervand Abrahamian, A History of Modern Iran , Cambridge University Press, July 28, 2008; рекомендуемая работа по геополитической истории современного Ирана в период хомейнистской революции Amir Taheri, The Persian Night: Iran under the Khomeinist Revolution , Encounter Books, March 25, 2009.

3Hamid Dabashi, Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran , New York University Press, 1993.

4Я проанализировал эту доктрину в ряде статей, опубликованных в ежедневной газете Al Ahrar в Бейруте в течение 1980 г., особенно в статье под названием «Thawra Takhattat hudud biladaha» («A Revolution Heading beyond Its Borders»), Al Ahrar , May 1980.

5Об ирано-иракской войне см., например: Ervand Abrahamian, A History of Modern Iran , Cambridge, 2008; см. также: Efraim Karsh, The Iran-Iraq War, 1980–1988 , Osprey Publishing, 2002.

6См., например: Kerim Yildizand Tanyel B. Taysi, The Kurds in Iran: The Past, Present and Future , Pluto Press, 2007.

7О борьбе арабов провинции Хузестан см., например: Peter Tatchell, Iran’s Anti-Arab Racism: Iran Treats Its Arab Minority as Second-Class Citizens. Now It Is Planning to Hang Six of Them after Rigged Trials Held in Secret, Guardian , Friday, October 26, 2007; Iran: Defending Minority Rights: The Ahwazi Arabs, report by Amnesty International, May 16, 2006; and Daniel Brett, Iran’s Forgotten Ethnocide, in Arab Media Watch , изначально опубликована в The Arab , March 2008.

8См.: R. Farzanfar, Ethnic Groups and the State: Azaris, Kurds and Baluch of Iran , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. См. также Selig S. Harrison, Pakistan’s Baluch Insurgency, Baloch Voice , July 3, 2009; Malek Towghi, Ethnic Cleansing in Iranian Baluchistan, Baloch Human Rights International ; BalochOnline, August 30, 2009.

9См.: Salman J. Borhani, The Azeris of Modern Iran, The Iranian , August 4, 2003; Brenda Shaffer, Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity , MIT Press, 2002.

10См., например: Farideh Tehrani, The Truth Inside, National Review , October 15, 2002.

11Jihad against Love: Valentine’s Day Invades the Middle East, Front Page Magazine , February 14, 2005.

12См.: Elaine Sciolino, Student Unrest in Iran, New York Times , July 13, 1999, см. также Iran Student Protests: Five Years On, BBC, July 9, 2004; Neil MacFarquhar, Iran Latest Protests Are Seen as the Toughest to Stop, New York Times , June 16, 2009.

13См.: Student Demonstrations in Iran, Voice of America , December 19, 2002. См. также Nazila Fathi, 4th Day of Protests in Tehran, and Demonstrations Spread, New York Times , November 12, 2002; Margaret Warner, Student unrest in Iran, в Jim Lehrer News Hour , PBS, June 18, 2003.

14Borzou Daragahi, Iranian Exile Speaks Out against Militia He Once Supported, Los Angeles Times , July 9, 2009.

15Amir Fakhravar, Call it What It Is: Iran’s Revolution, Daily News (New York), January 3, 2010.

16См., например: Workers Rights, International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran , January 2006.

17Marvin Kalb, Report on Hezbollah and Western Media, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, 2007.

18По этой теме я написал статью, см.: Walid Phares, A Mid East American Revolution Is Coming, Front Page Magazine , October 1, 2004.

19См.: Ledeen Calls for a Speedy Democratic Revolution in Iran, hoder.com weblog, July 11, 2002.

20См., например: Michael Ledeen, Freedom Betrayed: How America Led a Global Democratic Revolution, Won the Cold War, and Walked Away , AEI Press, October 1996.

21См.: Meir Javedanfar and Yossi Melman, The Nuclear Sphinx of Tehran: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and the State of Iran , Basic Books, 2007.

22Martin Walker, A Democratic Revolution in the Middle East? The Globalist, March 29, 2005.

23Iran Arrests Student Editor over Insulting Islam, AFP, May 5, 2007.

24Saul Gonzales, Beaming Back, PBS NewsHour , June 19, 2003. См. также: Juliette Niehuss, Why Washington Needs Iranian Students, Asia Times , July 23, 2003.

25Ledeen, Freedom Betrayed .

26Eli Lake, Iran Advocacy Group Said to Skirt Lobby Rules The Washington Times , November 13, 2009.

27См. Jacki Lyden, Iranian Women Activists Gain Momentum, interview with Farida Davoodi Mohajer on All Things Considered , NPR, March 17, 2007.

28 Results of Survey in 28 Centers of Iranian Provinces: Iranians’ Values and Attitudes , Tehran: Ministry of Islamic Guidance, 2004, pp. 78, 84.

29Mohammad Maljoo, Worker Protest in the Age of Ahmadinejad, MERIP 241, Winter 2006.

30For Workers Revolution against the Islamic Dictatorship: No to All Wings of the Mullah Regime, Internationalist , June 2009.

31Amir Taheri, Repression and Resistance: Urban Workers, Women, Students, Teachers, and Ethnic Minorities against the Regime, National Review , June 16, 2009.

32Walid Fares Iran – The Uprising Is On and There’s No Turning Back, FoxNews.com, June 20, 2009.

33Iranian Killed in Protest Was Willing to Be «Shot in Heart», Telegraph , November 15, 2009.

34Bahman Bakhtiari, Is Iran Going to Change? There is a Chance, Salt Lake City Tribune , January 5, 2010.

35Robert Tait, Iran Opposition Leader Mousavi ‘Ready to Die’ for Reform, Guardian , January 1, 2010.

36Heshmat Tabarzadi, What I See on the Frontline in Iran: Regime Change Is Now Our Movement’s Rallying Cry, Wall Street Journal , December 17, 2009.

37Arash Sobhi, Cannons, Guns, Basiji, Prison, Torture or Execution; Has No Effect On Us Anymore, Planet Iran (translated from Farsi), December 6, 2009.

38Obama Refuses to ‘Meddle’ in Iran, BBC, June 19, 2009; Obama’s Iran Abdication, Wall Street Journal , June 18, 2009.

39Fuad Ajami, Obama’s Persian Tutorial: The President Has to Choose between the Regime and the People in the Streets, Wall Street Journal, June 22, 2009.

40Mark Landler, Obama Resists Calls for a Tougher Stance on Iran, New York Times , June 19, 2009.

41Peter Speigel and Jay Solomon, U.S. Retracts July 4 Invites It Gave Iran, Wall Street Journal , June 25, 2009.

42Walid Phares, Obama Must Stand Up for Iranian Reformers, NewsMax Magazine , Wednesday, June 24, 2009.

43Tariq Alhomayed, Acting as if Iran is Not Present, al Shaq al Awsat , June 2009. Hezbollah Accuses West of Fomenting Turmoil in Iran, Africa Asia , June 2009.

44Venezuela’s Chavez Backs Ahmadinejad amid Iranian Protests, Miami Herald , June 20, 2009.

45См., например: Robert Baer, The Devil We Know: Dealing with the New Iranian Superpower , Three Rivers Press, August 18, 2009.

47Hassan Diaolesam, The Strange New Friend of the Iranian Demonstrators, The American Thinker , January 8, 2010.

48Clare Lopez, Rise of the Iran Lobby: Tehran’s Front Groups Move on – and into – the Obama Administration, Center for Security Policy , February 2009.

49Amir Fakhravar, Call It What It Is: Iran’s Revolution, Daily News (New York), January 3, 2010.

1Я писал это в статье «The Sudanese Battle for American Opinion», Middle East Quarterly , March 1998.

2Samuel Cotton, Silent Terror: A Journey into Contemporary African Slavery , Writers & Readers Publishing, February 15, 1999.

3Институт Машрек приводит оценку Доминика Мохаммеда, согласно которой в ходе боев или от болезней и голода погибло 2,5 млн человек – Middle East News Wire , December 1997. Телеканал CBN 4 февраля 1997 г. со ссылкой на различные доклады организации «Интернационал христианской солидарности» сообщил о 1,5 млн жертв.

4Нефтяная компания Chevron в 1992 г. продала свои концессии правительству Судана, которое в свое время и предоставило эти концессии. Суданское правительство впоследствии разделило эти концессии на меньшие участки для геологической разведки. Канадская компания Arakis Energy получила три концессии, подписав с правительством Судана соглашения о разделе продукции.

5Robert Collins, The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective , University of Tel Aviv, The Israel Press, 1975, p. 36.

6Gabriel Warburg, Islam, Nationalism and Communism in a Traditional Society, Frank Cass, 1978, p. 98.

7Цит. в кн.: Dustan Wai , The African-Arab Conflict in the Sudan ? Africana Publishing Company, 1983, p. 67.

8Цит. в кн.: Warburg, Islam, Nationalism and Communism , p. 153.

9Wai, African-Arab Conflict , p. 195–109.

10Ibid., p. 125–141.

11Pierre Arvanieh, Mas’alat Janub as-Sudabn: Ila Ayane? Sawt al-Mashreq , Beirut, December 1983.

12Nicholas Khoury, Aslamat Jahub as-Sudan, Sawt al-Mashreq , Beirut, January 1984; См. также: Mordechai Nisabn, Sudanese Christians: Tribultations in Black Africa, Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Self Expression , McFarland, 1991, p. 193–205.

13Dominic Mohammed, Jihad on Africa: The Islamization of Southern Sudan, lecture delivered at Florida International University, November 9, 1995.

14Francis Mading Deng, The Identity Factor in the Sudanese Factor in: Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies , Joseph V. Montville, ed., Lexington Books, 1990, p. 354–356.

15Выступление Стивена Вонду, представителя Суданского народного освободительного движения, на конференции «Коалиции в защиту прав человека в исламских странах», Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, 2 мая 1997 г.

16 Middle East News Wire , January 15, 1994.

17Middle East News Wire, March 15, 1997.

18Ryek Machar, The Sudan Conflict: The SPLM/SPLA-United Calls on America to Support the People of South Sudan in their Struggle for Self-Determination, National Liberation and Independence in the Sudan United States Institute for Peace, April 12, 1994.