Ниал Фергюсон - Площадь и башня [Cети и власть от масонов до Facebook]

Ibid., 13.

Charles Kadushin, ‘Social Networks and Inequality: How Facebook Contributes to Economic (and Other) Inequality’, Psychology Today , 7 March 2012: https: // www.psychologytoday.com / us / blog / understanding-social-networks /201203/ social-networks-and-inequality .

Слоун Альфред Причард (1875–1966) – президент компании General Motors в 1923–1937 годах. (Прим. ред.)

Тиль Питер (род. 1967) – американский предприниматель и инвестор, один из основателей платежной системы PayPal. (Прим. ред.)

Sam Altman, ‘I’m a Silicon Valley Liberal, and I Traveled across the Country to Interview 100 Trump Supporters – Here’s What I Learned’, Business Insider , 23 February 2017: https: // www.businessinsider.my / sam-altman-interview-trump-supporters- 2017-2/.

‘As American as Apple Inc.: Corporate Ownership and the Fight for Tax Reform’, Penn Wharton Public Policy Initiative, Issue Brief 4, 1: https: // publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu / issuebrief / v 4 n 1. php .

Sandra Navidi, ‘How Trumpocracy Corrupts Democracy’, Project Syndicate, 21 February 2017.

Cecilia Kang, ‘Google, in post-Obama Era, Aggressively Woos Republicans’, The New York Times , 27 January 2017; Jack Nicas and Tim Higgins, ‘Silicon Valley Faces Balancing Act between White House Criticism and Engagement’, Wall Street Journal , 31 January 2017.

Issie Lapowsky, ‘The Women’s March Defines Protest in the Facebook Age’, Wired , 21 January 2017; Nick Bilton, ‘Will Mark Zuckerberg be Our Next President?’ Vanity Fair , 13 January 2017.

World Bank, Digital Dividends , 221–227.

Например, в сентябре 2009 года сотни тысяч пользователей Facebo o k перепостили следующий мем в поддержку Obamacare, причем некоторые (примерно каждый десятый) слегка изменили его формулировку: “Никто не должен умирать из-за того, что ему не по карману медицинское обслуживание, и никто не должен разоряться из-за того, что он заболел. Если вы согласны с этим, пожалуйста, поместите этот текст у себя до конца дня”. (Прим. авт.)

Lada A. Adamic, Thomas M. Lenton, Eytan Adar and Pauline C. Ng, ‘Information Evolution in Social Networks’, 22–25 February 2016: https: // research.fb.com / wpcontent / uploads /2016/11/ information_evolution_in_social_networks.pdf .

James Stavridis, ‘The Ghosts of Religious Wars Past are Rattling in Iraq’, Foreign Policy , 17 June 2014.

Turchin, Ages of Discord .

Maier, Leviathan 2.0.

Mark Galeotti, ‘The “Trump Dossier,” or How Russia Helped America Break Itself’, Tablet , 13 June 2017.

В оригинале – Cyberia , гибрид корня cyber – (кибер-) с английским словом Siberia (Сибирь), звучащим точно так же. Одновременно Cyberia – компьютерная игра, придуманная в 1994 году. (Прим. пер.)

Fareed Zakaria, ‘America Must Defend Itself against the Real National Security Menace’, Washington Post , 9 March 2017.

Nye, ‘Deterrence and Dissuasion’, 47.

Ramo, Seventh Sense , 217f.

Caldarelli and Catanzaro, Networks , 95–98, 104f.

Drew Fitzgerald and Robert McMillan, ‘Cyberattack Knocks Out Access to Websites’, Wall Street Journal , 21 October 2016; William Turton, ‘Everything We Know about the Cyberattack That Crippled America’s Internet’, Gizmodo, 24 October 2016.

Fred Kaplan, ‘“WarGames” and Cybersecurity’s Debt to a Hollywood Hack’, The New York Times , 19 February 2016.

Nye, ‘Deterrence and Dissuasion’.

Ken Dilanian, William M. Arkin and Cynthia Mcfadden, ‘U. S. Govt. Hackers Ready to Hit Back If Russia Tries to Disrupt Election’, NBC, 4 November 2016.

Nathan Hodge, James Marson and Paul Sonne, ‘Behind Russia’s Cyber Strategy’, Wall Street Journal , 16 December 2017.

For the most recent WikiLeaks release, see Zeynep Tufekci, ‘The Truth about the WikiLeaks C. I. A. Cache’, The New York Times , 9 March 2017.

Bonnie Berkowitz, Denise Lu and Julie Vitkovskaya, ‘Here’s What We Know So Far about Team Trump’s Ties to Russian Interests’, Washington Post , 31 March 2017.

Nye, ‘Deterrence and Dissuasion’, 44–52, 63–67.

Mark Galeotti, ‘Crimintern: How the Kremlin Uses Russia’s Criminal Networks in Europe’, European Council on Foreign Relations Policy Brief (April 2017).

Anne-Marie Slaughter, ‘How to Succeed in the Networked World’, Foreign Affairs , (November/December 2016), 80.

Slaughter, ‘How to Succeed’, 84f.; Slaughter, The Chessboard and the Web, KL2738.

Slaughter, ‘How to Succeed’, 86.

Slaughter, The Chessboard and the Web , KL 2680–84.

Ian Klaus, ‘For Cities of the Future, Three Paths to Power’, Atlantic , 19 March 2017.

Цитируется по: Джошуа Купер Рамо. Указ. соч. С. 88. (Прим. ред.)

Ramo, Seventh Sense , 182.

Ibid., 233.

Там же. С. 163. (Прим. ред.)

Ibid., 153. См. также Clarke and Eddy, Warnings , 283–301.

Taleb, Antifragile .

Arbesman, Overcomplicated .

Caldarelli and Catanzaro, Networks , 97.

Daniel Martin, ‘Shaming of Web Giants’, Daily Mail , 15 March 2017.

Guy Chazan, ‘Germany Cracks Down on Social Media over Fake News’, Financial Times , 14 March 2017.

GP Bullhound, European Unicorns: Survival of the Fittest (2016).

Adam Satariano and Aoife White, ‘Silicon Valley’s Miserable Euro Trip is Just Getting Started’, Bloomberg Business Week , 20 October 2016; Mark Scott, ‘The Stakes are Rising in Google’s Antitrust Fight with Europe’, The New York Times , 30 October 2016; Philip Stephens, ‘Europe Rewrites the Rules for Silicon Valley’, Financial Times , 3 November 2016.

Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? , 5ff.

Другое мнение см. в: Hafner-Burton and Montgomery, ‘Globalization and the Social Power Politics.’

Bethany AllenEbrahimian, ‘The Man Who Nailed Jello to the Wall’, Foreign Policy , 29 June 2016.

Spar, Ruling the Waves , 381.

Guobin Yang, ‘China’s Divided Netizens’, Berggruen Insights, 6, 21 October 2017.

King et al., ‘Randomized Experiment’.

Goldsmith and Wu, Who Controls the Internet? , 96.

Emily Parker, ‘Mark Zuckerberg’s Long March into China’, Bloomberg , 18 October 2016; Alyssa Abkowitz, Deepa Seetharaman and Eva Dou, ‘Facebook Is Trying Everything to ReEnter China – and It’s Not Working’, Wall Street Journal , 30 January 2017.

Mary Meeker, ‘Internet Trends 2016 – Code Conference’, Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers, 1 June 2016, 170f.

Kirby et al., ‘Uber in China’, 12.

William Kirby, ‘The Real Reason Uber is Giving Up in China’, Harvard Business Review , 2 August 2016.

См., напр., Eric X. Li, ‘Party of the Century: How China is Reorganizing for the Future’, Foreign Affairs , 10 January 2017, и Bell, China Model .

Keller, ‘Networks of Power’, 32; Keller, ‘Moving Beyond Factions’, 22.

Li, Chinese Politics , 332, 347f.

Jessica Batke and Matthias Stepan, ‘Party, State and Individual Leaders: The Who’s Who of China’s Leading Small Groups’, Mercator Institute for China Studies (2017).

Lin and Milhaupt, ‘Bonded to the State’.

‘Chinese Censors’ Looser Social Media Grip “May Help Flag Threats”’, South China Morning Post , 13 February 2017.

‘Visualizing China’s Anti-Corruption Campaign’, ChinaFile, 21 January 2016.

‘Big Data, Meet Big Brother: China Invents the Digital Totalitarian State’, Economist , 17 December 2016.

Nick Szabo, ‘Money, Blockchains and Social Scalability’, Unenumerated , 9 February 2017.

Ibid.

Haldane, ‘A Little More Conversation’. См. также Bettina Warburg, ‘How the Blockchain will Radically Transform the Economy’, TED talk, November 2016.

David McGlauflin, ‘How China’s Plan to Launch Its Own Currency Might Affect Bitcoin’, Cryptocoins News , 25 January 2016; ‘China is Developing Its Own Digital Currency’, Bloomberg News , 23 February 2017. Подробности, касающиеся плана НБК, см.: http: // www.cnfinance.cn / magzi /201609/0124313. html и http: // www.cnfinance.cn / magzi /201609/0124314. html .