Лестер Браун - Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации

Hindo, op. cit. note 88.

Daniel Michaels, “Boeing and Airbus Compete to Destroy What They Built”, Wall Street Journal , 1 June 2007.

Там же.

“Gold Statistics” — в сборнике: T. D. Kelly и G. R. Matos, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States: U. S. Geological Survey Data Series 140 (Reston, VA: USGS, U. S. Department of the Interior, 2008); World Steel Association, op. cit. note 77; данные по золотой руде рассчитаны на основании данных, приведенных в работе: New Jersey Mining Company Reserves and Resources, “Estimated Ore Reserves”, на www.newjerseymining.com, данные обновлены 31 декабря 2006 г.; данные по производству стали взяты из работы: Mandil et al. op. cit. note 76, р. 115; выбросы двуокиси углерода рассчитаны на основе данных, приведенных в работе: Gavin M. Mudd, “Resource Consumption Intensity and the Sustainability of Gold Mining”, 2nd International Conference on Sustainability Engineering and Science, Auckland, New Zealand, 20–23 February 2007; EPA, Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks (Washington, DC: April 2000).

Catherine Ferrier, Bottled Water: Understanding a Social Phenomenon (Surrey, U. K.: WWF, 2001).

Потребление нефти рассчитано на основе данных о количестве пластиковых бутылок для воды из Jennifer Gitlitz et al, Water, Water Everywhere: The Growth of Non-carbonated Beverages in the United States (Washington, DC: Container Recycling Institute: февраль 2007); I. Boustead, Eco-profiles of the European Plastics Industry: PET Bottles (Brussels: PlasticEurope, Association of Plastic Manufacturers, March 2005), pp. 4–9: DOE, Energy Information Administration, “Oil Market Basics: Demand”, — см.: www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/ analysis_publications/oil_market_basics/demand_text.htm, просмотрено автором 23 января 2006 г.; Ward’s Automotive Group, Ward’s World Motor Vehicle Data 2006 (Southfield, MI: 2006), р. 242; Pacific Institute, “Bottled Water and Energy”, fact sheet (Oakland, CA: 2007).

“S. F. Mayor Bans Bottled Water at City Offices”, Associated Press , 25 June 2007; национальная телефонная пресс-конференция Ross C. Anderson, Salt Lake City Mayor, Think Outside the Bottle Campaign, 9 October 2007.

Janet Larsen, “Bottled Water Boycotts: Back-on-the-Tap Movement Gains Momentum”, Plan B Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 7 December 2007); John G. Rodwan, Jr., Confronting Challenges: U. S. and International Bottled Water Developments and Statistics for 2008 (New York: Beverage Marketing Corporation, April/May 2009).

John Roach, “Plastic-Bag Bans Gaining Momentum around the World”, National Geographic News, 4 April 2008.

Michael Goggin, “Curtailment, Negative Prices Symptomatic of Inadequate Transmission”, Wind Energy Weekly, issue 27, No. 1305 (5 September 2008).

Joint Coordinated System Plan, Joint Coordinated System Plan ’08 Report Volume 1: Economic Assessment, на www.jcspstudy.org, 2008.

S. Massoud Amin и Clark W. Gellings, “The North American Power Delivery System: Balancing Market Restructuring and Environmental Economics with Infrastructure Security”, Energy, vol. 31, issues 6–7 (May/June 2006), pp. 967 — 99; Bracken Hendricks, Wired for Progress 2.0: Building a National Clean-Energy Smart Grid (Washington, DC: Center for American Progress, April 2009), р. 31.

Helen Knight, “Renewable Energy: Will the Lights Stay On?” New Scientist, 11 October 2008, pp. 30–31; Repower America, “Unified National Smart Grid”, — см.: www.repoweramerica.org, просмотрено автором 30 июня 2009 г.

Ashlea Ebeling, “What Would You Pay to Stay Cool?” Forbes, 15 August 2007.

Knight, op. cit. note 104.

Там же.

Rebecca Smith, “Consumers: A Little Knowledge…”, Wall Street Journal, 30 June 2008; U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mid-Atlantic Information Office, Avarage Energy Prices in the Washington-Baltimore Area: April 2009 (Philadelphia, PA: 1 June 2009); Ahmad Faruqui и Sanem Sergici, BGE’s Smart Energy Pricing Pilot Summer 2008 Impact Evaluation (Cambridge, MA: The Brattle Group, 28 april 2009), pp. 1–2; Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, “Re: Supplement 437 to P. S.C. Md E-6 — Rider 26 — Peak Time Rebate”, electronic fillings to Public Service Commission of Maryland, 15 April and 22 June 2009.

The Edison Foundation, “Utility-Scale Smart Meter Deployments, Plans & Proposals (IOUs)”, issue brief (Washington, DC: May 2009).

Выпуск новостей Smart Meters, “Finland Leads Europe in Smart Grid Development”, (Isle of Benbecula, Scotland: 16 January 2009).

Erik Olsen, “Smart Meters Open Market for Smart Apps”, Green, Inc., — см.: Nytimes.com , 7 October 2008.

IEA, op. cit. note 17, p. 506.

IEA, World Energy Outlook 2006 (Paris: 2006), р. 492; IEA, op. cit. note 11, pp. 25, 29.

Natalie Mims, Mathias Bell и Stephen Doig, Assessing the Electric Productivity Gap and the U. S. Efficiency Opportunity (Snowmass, CO: Rocky Mountain Institute, January 2009), pp. 6, 16–17.

Mandil et al., op. cit. note 76, pp. 39, 59–61, 95–96, 139–142.

U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Production , — электронная база данных — см.: tonto. eia.doe.gov, материал обновлен 28 июля 2008; American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), “Installed U. S. Wind Power Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Power Association Market Report”, press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U. S. Wind Energy Projects , — электронная база данных — см.: www.awea.org/projects, материал обновлен 31 марта 2009; будущие мощности вычислены на основе Emerging Energy Research (EER), “US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights”, press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); эквивалентность угольных электростанций рассчитана при условии, что среднестатистическая электростанция дает 500 мегаватт и действует 72 процента времени, вырабатывая таким образом 3.15 миллиардов киловатт/часов электричества в год; потребности жилого сектора рассчитаны на основании данных “Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates 2005”, в DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), с данными по мощностям из DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); данные о населении из U. S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts , — электронная база данных — см.: quickfacts.census.gov, материал обновлен 20 февраля 2009.

“Clipper and BP to JV on 5,050-MW South Dakota Project”, Wind Energy Weekly , vol. 27, no 1300 (1 August 2008); утверждение о том, что одного мегаватта ветрогенерируемой энергии достаточно для 300 домов, взято из AWEA”, U. S. Wind Energy Installations Reach New Milestone”, press release (Washington, DC: 14 August 2006); средний размер семьи из U. S. Census Bureau”, 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates — Data Profile Highlights”, см.: factfinder. census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts, просмотрено автором 9 апреля 2009, численность населения из Census Bureau, op. cit. note 1; экспорт электричества из EER, op. cit. note 1; ITC Holdings Corp., “ITC Holdings Corp. Unveils Green Power Express”, press release (Novi, MI: 9 February 2009); TransCanada, “TransCanada’s Zephyr and Chinook Power Transmission Line”, project brochure (Calgary, Alberta: April 2009); Quanta Technology, LLC, Final Report on the Southwest Power Pool (SPP)Updated EHV Overlay Study (Raleigh, NC: 3 March 2008), pp. 11–17; “A Window of North Atlantic opportunity”, Windpower Monthly, October 2008, pp. 21–22.

Mark Leftly, “Middle East to Fund Scotland’s £5bn Power Grid”, Independent (London), 10 August 2008; соотношение валют с www.bloomberg. com/invest/calculators/currency.html, 9 April 2009; “World Electricity Installed Capacity by Type (Million Kilowatts), January 1, 2006”, в DOE, EIA, “International Energy Annual 2006 — World Electricity Data”, см.: www.eia.doe.gov/iea/elec.html, материал обновлен 8 декабря 2008.

“Algeria aims to Export Power — Solar Power”, Associated Press . 11 August 2007; William Maclean, “Algeria Plans Solar Power Cable to Germany — Paper”, Reuters , 15 November 2007.

“World Electricity Installed Capacity by Type (Million Kilowatts)”, в DOE, op. cit. note 3; David O’Byrne, “Electricity Generation: Fair Winds Blow for a Clean Alternative,” Financial Times , 10 June 2008; Jan Dodd, “Strong Winds and High Prices in Turkey”, Windpower Monthly , September 2008; информация о выборе проектов и выдаче разрешений из беседы автора с Dr. Hilmi Güler, Turkish Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, 20 июня 2008.

Peter Janssen, “The Too Slow Flow: Why Indonesia Could Get All Its Power from Volcanoes — But Doesn’t”, Newsweek , 20 September 2004; “Geothermal Power Projects to Cost $US19.8 Bln. Official Says”, ANTARA News (Jakarta), 9 July 2008; Gita Wirjawan, “The Oil Cycle: The Wheels are Turning Again”, Jakarta Post , 12 March 2009.

D. L. Elliott, L. L. Wendell, and G. L. Gower, An Assessment of the Available Windy Land Area and Wind Energy Potential in the Contiguous United States (Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 1991); Cristina L. Archer and Mark Z. Jacobson, “The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of U. S. Winds and Wind Power at 80 m Derived from Measurements”, Journal of Geophysical Research , vol. 108 (13 May 2003); данные по Китаю из C. L. Archer and M. Z. Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Windpower”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 110 (30 June 2005), и из Jean Hu et al., “Wind: The Future is Now”, Renewable Energy World , July-August, p. 212; расчет по Индонезии на основе потенциала в 27 000 мегаватт из Alimin Ginting, Indonesia Geothermal Association, “Geothermal Energy: Global Status, Market and Challenge for Developing in Indonesia”, presentation to the Thematic Panel Discussion of LEAD International Training Session on Leadership and Climate Change, 26 November — 1 December 2007, Jakarta-Bandung, Indonesia, и на International Energy Agency (IEA), IEA Statistics, — электронная база данных — см.: www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/index.asp, просмотрено автором 1 мая 2009 г..