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“Orhanizatsiia Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv: Rodyna v systemi orhanizavanoho ukrains’koho natsionalizmu,” HDA SBU, f. 13, tom 6,l. 6.

Ibid., f. 13, no. 376, tom 6, l. 7.

“Orhanizatsiia Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv: Atomistychna teoriia pro natsiu,” HDA SBU, Fond 13, no. 376, tom 6, l. 4.

Rozbudova Natsii, no. 11–12 (Nov. — Dec. 1930): 265–266, cited by Krzysztof &ada, “Teoria i ludobójcza praktyka ukrai#skiego integralnego nacjonaliymu wobec Polaków, 'ydów i Rosjan w pierwszej po" owie XX wieku,” in Cz. Partacz, B. Polak, and W. Handke, eds., Wo!y" i Ma!opolska Wschodnia 1943–1944 (Koszalin-Leszno: Instytut im. Gen. Stefana Gorta, 2004), 48.

“Z programu szkolenia bojówek OUN z 1935 r.,” Derzhavnyi Arkhiv Rivnenskoii Oblasti (DARO), f. 32, op. 36, spr. 2, l. 22ff. Cited by Ewa Siemaszko, “Przemiany relacji polsko-ukraiskich od po" owylat trzydziestych do II wojny (wiatowej,” Biuletyn instytutu pami#ci narodowej, no. 7–8 (116–117) (July — August 2010): 65, and reprinted in Wiktor Poliszczuk, Nacjonalizm ukrai" ski w dokumentach (czesc 2): Integralny nacjonalizm ukrai" ski jako odmiana faszyzmu. Tom czwarty. Dokumenty z zakresu dzia!a" struktur nacjonaliymu ukrai" skiego w okresie od 1920 do grudnia 1943 roku (Toronto: Viktor Poliszczuk, 2002), 49.

On the OUN’s anti-Semitism, see Marco Carynnyk, “Foes of Our Rebirth: Ukrainian Nationalist Discussions about Jews, 1929–1947,” Nationalities Papers, Vol. 39, No. 3, (May 2011): 315–352; Bruder, “Den Ukrainischen Staat’,” 46–48, 99–101, 166–169; Kurylo, “Jewish Question”; Taras Kurylo and John-Paul Himka [Ivan Khymka], “Iak OUN stavylasia do ievreiv? Rozdumy nad knyzhkoiu Volodymyra V’’iatrovycha Stavlennia OUN do ievre&v: formuvannia pozyti& na tli katastrofy,” Ukra&na Moderna 13 (2008): 252–265.

John-Paul Himka. “War Criminality: A Blank Spot in the Collective Memory of the Ukrainian Diaspora,” Spaces of Identity 5 (2005): 16–17.

O. Mytsiuk, “Ahraryzatsiia zhydivstva za dobu bol’shevyzmu,” Rozbudova Natsi&, no. 7–8 (1933): 180–190, and no. 9–10, 226–235; idem., “Pozaahrarna diial’nist’ zhydiv po svitovii viini,” Rozbudova Natsi&, no. 11–12 (1933): 277–287, cited in Kurylo, “The Jewish Question.”

Ryszard Wysocki, Organizacja Ukrai" skich Nacjonalistów w Polsce w latach 1929–1939: geneza, struktura, program, ideologia (Lublin: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, 2003), 201.

Kurylo, “Jewish Question,” 6, citing Iu. Mylianych, “Zhydy, sionizm i Ukraina,” Rozbudova Natsii, no. 8–9 (1929): 271.

Volodymyr Martynets’, Zhydivs’ka problema v Ukra&ni (London: Williams, Lea & Co., 1938), 10, 14–15.

Ibid., 22.

Kurylo, “Jewish Question,” citing R. O., “Obludnyky humanitaryzmu,” Visnyk no. 1 (1939). No page number provided.

Kurylo, “Jewish Question,” citing M. O. [M. Ostoverkha], “Antysemityzm v Italii,” Visnyk, no. 1 (1938): 712–714.

Kurylo, “Jewish Question.”

Bruder, “Den ukrainischen,” 147. Several pogroms took place in Ukraine in between 1918 and 1920, during which some one hundred fifty thousand Jews were killed, an estimated 53.7 percent by Petluira’s nationalist forces, 17 percent by Denikin’s White Army, and 2.3 percent by the Bolshevik Red Army. Manus I. Midlarsky, The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 45.

Karel C. Berkhoff and Marco Carynnyk, “The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and Its Attitude towards Germans and Jews: Iaroslav Stets’ko’s 1941 Zhyttiepys,” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 23, no.3–4 (1999): 149–184; Kurylo and Himka “Iak OUN stavylasia do ievreiv?” 252–265; John-Paul Himka, “A Central European Diaspora under the Shadow of World War II: The Galician Ukrainians in North America,” Austrian History Yearbook 37 (2006): 22; Kurylo, “Jewish Question”; H. V. Kasianov, “Ideolohiia OUN: istoryko-retrospektyvnyi analiz,” Ukrains’kyi istorychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (2004): 38–39.

Karel Berkhoff, Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004), 83.

Stanislav Kul’chyts’kyi et al., eds., OUN v 1941 rotsi. Dokumenty. V 2-kh ch. Ch. 1. (Kiev: Instytut Istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy, 2006), 43, citing OUN v svitli postanov Velykykh Zboriv, Konferentsii ta inshykh dokumnetiv z borot’bi 1929–1955 r. [Zakordonni chastyny Orhanizatsii Ukrains’kykh Natsionalistiv] (1955), 24–47.

Kul’chyts’kyi, OUN v 1941 rotsi (2006), 159, 165, citing “Propahadnyvni vkazivky na peredvoennyi chas, na chas viiny i revoliutsii ta na pochatkovi dni derzhanvoho budivnytstva z Instruktsii Revolutsiinoho Provodu OUN (S. Bandery) dlia orhanizatsiinoho aktyvu v Ukraini na period viiny “Borot’ba i diialnist’ OUN pid chas viiny,” Tsentral’nyi Arkhiv Orhaniv Vlady Ukrainy (henceforth TsDAVO Ukrainy), f. 3833, op. 2, spr. 1, ark. 77–89.

Iu. Mylianych, “Zhydy, sionizm i Ukra)na,” 271–276; Devius [D. Dontsov], “Voiuiuchyi sionizm,” Literaturno-naukovyi visnyk, no.10 (1929): 915–918; S. Narizhnyi, “Chuzhi narody v svitli ukrain’skykh prykazok,” Literaturno-naukovyi visnyk, no. 10 (1929): 921–926; Martynets’, Zhydivs’ka problema.

Philip Friedman, “Ukrainian-Jewish Relations During the Nazi Occupation,” YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science, 12 (1958–1959): 184; John-Paul Himka, “Krakivski visti and the Jews, 1943: A Contribution to the History of Ukrainian-Jewish Relations during the Second World War,” Journal of Ukrainian Studies 21, (Summer — Winter 1996): 81–95.

File of Mikhail Dmitrievich Stepaniak, HDA SBU f. 6, d. 1510, tom 1, l. 65.

Ivan Katchanovski, “Terrorists or National Heroes” Nationalities Papers (forthcoming), citing The Henry Field Papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York, box 52, folder “1964,” and Pavel Sudoplatov, Spetsoperatsii: Lubianka i Kreml’ 1930–1950 gody (Moscow: OLMA-Press, 1998/2003), 26; Yelena Novoselova, “Stepan Bandera: As Seen by Russian and Ukrainian Researchers,” Den’, April 29, 2010: http://day.kiev.ua/296328/ (accessed April 30, 2010).

DARO, Delo Stepana Ianishevskogo, microfi lm no. 124148, cited by Viktor Polishchuk, “Gora rodila mysh’. Banderovskuio,” in Vladimir Vorontsov, ed., “OUN-UPA. S kem i protiv koho oni voevali”: istoriko-dokumental’nye ocherki (Sevastopol: Mezhregional’naia obshchestvennaia organizatsiia “Ob’edinenie patriotov Sevastopol’ia,” 2011), 74; and Lucyna Kulisnka, “Dzialnosc terrorystyczna ukrainskich organizacji nacjonalistycznych w Polsce w okresie miedzywojennym,” Biuletyn instytut pamieci narodowej, no. 7–8 (116–117) (July — August 2010): 57, n. 40.

File of Mikhail Dmitrievich Stepaniak, HDA SBU, f. 6, d. 1510, tom 1, l. 67.

Mary Heimann, Czechoslovakia: The State That Failed (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009), 112.

Yeshayahu Jelinek, The Parish Republic: Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, 1939–1945, East European Monographs 14 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1976), 48. The anti-Semitic Slovak constitution, “Ústavnэ zákon zo d*a 21. Júla 1939 o ústave Slovenskej republiky,” is available online, on the website of the Slovak Nation’s Memory Institute: http://www.upn.gov.sk/data/pdf/ustava1939. pdf (accessed Dec. 30, 2008). Thanks to Nina Paulovicova for these references.

In Croatia, German support for Slovak statehood strengthened the pro-German wing of the Ustaše movement and signifi cantly increased its production of anti-Semitic propaganda material. On the racialist ideology of the Ustaše movement, see Tomislav Duli! Utopias of Nation: Local Mass Killing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1941–1942 (Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsalensis, 2005).

Heimann, Czechoslovakia,106–108; Serhii Yekelchyk, Ukraine: Birth of a Nation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 131.

Mel’nyk assured von Ribbentrop that the OUN was “ideologically related to similar movements in Europe, in particular National Socialism in Germany and Fascism in Italy [weltanschaulich verwandt mit den gleichartigen Bewegungen Europas, insbesondere dem Nationalsozialismus in Deutschland und dem Fascismus in Italien].” Auswärtiges Amt Archive, PA AA, R 104430, Po. 26, No. 1m Pol. V. 4784, p. 2. Thanks to Ray Brandon for this reference.

The Ustaša “resurrection” of Croat statehood appears to have served as a model for the OUN. The proclamation was not delievered by Paveli! himself, but his deputy, (Doglavnik) Slavko Kvaternik. “People of Croatia! The providence of God, the will of our allies, the century-old struggle of the Croatian people, our self-sacrifi cing Leader [Poglavnik] Ante Paveli! and the Ustaša movement within and outside the country has decided that we today, on the eve of the resurrection of the son of God also will witness the resurrection of our Croatian state.” Kvaternik referred to “the will of our allies,” but without explicitly mentioning Hitler. Later that day, Kvaternik sent a telegram to Hitler, to thank him “in the name of the Croatian people for the protection the German army has given the Croat national rebellion and [to] request your recognition of the Independent State of Croatia by the Greater German Reich. Long live the Führer of the German people!” Zlo'ini Nezavisne Države Hrvatske, 1941–1945 (Belgrade: Vojnoistorijski institut, 1993), document 3 (the declaration) and 4 (the telegram). Thanks to Tomislav Duli! for this reference.

R. J. B. Bosworth, The Oxford Handbook of Fascism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 431.

“Natsionalistychnyi rukh pid chas Druhoi Svitovoi Viiny: Interv’iu z B. Levyts’kym,” Diialoh: Za demokraiiu i sotsializm v samostiinii Ukraini, Vol. 2 (1979): 15.

Kul’chyts’kyi, OUN v 1941 rotsi (2006), 10. Similar attitudes were found in the OUN(b). In 1942, an OUN activist elaborated further on the size and scope of the Ukrainian state: “It will cover the lands from the Volga to the Carpathians, from the mountains of the Caucasus and the Black Sea to the sources of the Dnieper, a territory of one million square kilometers. This will be a deciding factor for the solution of the eastern problems in regards to Russia and the Baltic States, Poland, the Caucasus, the Black Sea states, and also the path to Africa and India through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. Ukraine for the Ukrainians! This will be a Great United National State.” Derzhavnyi Arkhiv Rivenskoi oblasti, inv. nomer 326, cited in Vorontsov,“OUN-UPA,”10.