Лев Толстой - Полное собрание сочинений. Том 37. Произведения 1906–1910 гг.

To the humanity of our times, Eastern or Western, the same thing happens which takes place in regard to every individual when he is passing from one age to the other (a child becoming a youth, a youth a man) and loses that which has been hitherto his guide in life, and not having elucidated a new one appropriate to his age, lives without any guidance and invents various anxieties, cares, amusements, provocations, untoxications, to distract his attention from the misery and selfishness of his own life. Such a condition may last a long time.

But as during the transition of an individual from one age to another, the time must inevitably come when life can no longer continue in the old ruts as before, in senseless anxiety and irritation, and the man must understand that the previous guidance for life is no longer applicable to him, – it does not follow that he must necessarily live without any rational guidance whatever, but that he should formulate for himself a theory of life corresponding to his age, and having elucidated it, he should in his new age be guided by it.

Similar crises must of necessity occur in the ever changing life of humanity. And I am of opinion that the time has arrived for such a transition of humanity from one age to another, and not in the sense that it has arrived now, vis. 1908, but that the inherent contradiction of human life; the consciousness of the beneficence of the law of love, and the system of life built upon the law of violence opposed to love in our time has reached that degree of intensity under which it can no longer go on, and must be met by a solution, and evidently not with a solution which favours the outlived law of violence, but in favour of the truth that the law of human life is the law of love, cherished by all humanity from the most remote antiquity.

The recognition of this truth in its full significance is possible for men, only when they free themselves completely from all religious, as well as scientific superstitions by means of which it has been for centuries hidden from mankind.

In order to save a sinking ship it is necessary to throw overboard the ballast, which though it might have been indispensable at one time, would now cause destruction. It is exactly the same with religious and scientific superstitions which hide this salutary truth from men. In order that people could embrace the truth, not in such a vague way as it presented itself to them during their childhood, nor in such a onesided, unstable way as it was interpreted to them by religious and scientific teachers, but in such a manner that it should become the highest law of human life; to effect this, the complete liberation of this truth from all, all those superstitions pseudo religious as well as pseudo scientific which now obscure it, is necessary, not a partial, timid liberation, such a one as in the religious sphere was effected by Guru-Nanaka, the founder of the religion of the Sakas, and in Christianity by Luther, or similar reformers in other religions, but a complete deliverance of the religious truth from all those ancient religious, as well as from the modern scientific superstitions.

If people only freed themselves from beliefs in all kinds of Ormuzds, Brahmas, Sabbaoths, their incarnation in Krishnas and Christs, from beliefs in a paradise and hell, in angels and demons, from reincarnations, resurrections, from the idea of the interference of God in the life of the universe; free themselves chiefly from the recognition of the infallibility of the various Vedas, Bibles, Gospels, Triptakas, Korans, etc.; if people only freed themselves also from blindly believing in all sorts of scientific doctrines about infinitesimally small atoms, molecules, about all kinds of infinitely great and infinitely remote worlds, about their movements and their origin, about forces; from the implicit faith in all manner of theoretical scientific laws to which man is supposed to be subjected – the historic and economic laws, the laws of straggle and survival etc., – if people only freed themselves from this terrible accumulation of the idle exercises of our lower capacities of mind and memory which are called the Sciences, from all the innumerable divisions of all sorts of histories, anthropologies, homiletics, bacteriologies, jurisprudences, cosmographies, strategies, their name is legion; if people only relieve themselves of this ruinous intoxicating ballast, – that simple, explicit law of love accessible to all, which is so natural to mankind, solving all questions and perplexities, will of its own accord become clear and obligatory.

Yes, in our time, men – to escape from self inflicted calamities which have reached the highest degree of intensity: whether it be a Hindoo seeking liberation from the subjugation of the English, or any other man in his struggle with those using violence – whether in the negro’s fights with the North American, or the Persian’s, Russian’s or the Turk’s fight with his Government, as well as any man who seeks the greatest amount of welfare for himself as well as for everybody – do not require new explanations and justifications of old religious superstitions, as Vivekanandas, Baba Bharatis and others have formulated in your country, and in the Christian world; an infinite number of such new interpreters and expounders of what no one stands in need; nor the innumerable sciences about matters which not only are unnecessary but mostly harmful (in the spiritual realm there is nothing indifferent, but what is not useful is always harmful). The Hindoo, as well as the Englishman, the Frenchman, the German, the Russian, do not require constitutions, revolutions, any conferences, congresses, any new ingenious devices for submarine navigation, aerial navigation, powerful explosives, or all kinds of conveniences for the enjoyment of the rich ruling classes; not new schools, universities with instruction in innumerable sciences, not the augmentation of papers and books, and gramophones and cinematographs, not those childish and mostly corrupt stupidities which are called arts; but one thing only is needful: the knowledge of that simple lucid truth – that the law of human life is the law of love, which gives the highest happiness to every individual, as well as to all mankind. If people only free themselves in their consciousness from those mountains of nonsense which hide the truth from them; and that indubitable eternal truth inherent to mankind which is one and the same in all the great religions of the world, will inevitably enter the soul of every man. And as soon as this is acknowledged by the great majority, stupidity which now conceals it will disappear and with it will by itself disappear all the evils from which humanity now suffers.

«Children, look upwards with your beclouded eyes, and a world full of joy and love will disclose itself to you, a rational world made by my wisdom, the only real world. Then you will know what love has done with you, what love has bestowed upon you, and what love demands from you» (Krishna).

Dec. 14th, 1908.

Yasnaya Poliana.

Получил ваше письмо и два номера журнала. И то и другое мне было в высшей степени интересно, так как угнетение и неизбежно вытекающее из этого развращение одних людей другими, малым числом большого числа, есть явление, всегда занимавшее и особенно живо занимающее меня последнее время. Постараюсь высказать вам то, что я думаю об этом вообще и в частности по отношению к тем причинам, вследствие которых произошли и происходят те страшные бедствия, о которых вы говорите в вашем письме и говорится в присланных вами мне номерах индийского журнала.

Причины, по которым происходит то удивительное явление, что большинство трудящегося народа подчиняется кучке праздных людей, распоряжающихся не только трудами, но и жизнью большинства, всегда и везде одни и те же, как там, где угнетаемые и угнетенные принадлежат к одному и тому же народу, так и там, где, как это происходит в Индии и в других странах, угнетатели принадлежат к иной, чем угнетенные, нации. В Индии это кажется особенно странным, тaк как здесь более чем 200-миллионный, высокоодаренный и духовными и телесными силами народ находится во власти совершенно чуждого ему небольшого кружка людей, стоящих в религиозно-нравственном отношении неизмеримо ниже тех людей, над которыми они властвуют. Причины эти, как это видно из вашего письма и из статей «Free Hindusthan», и из весьма интересных сочинении индусского писателя Свами Вивекананды и других, состоят в том же, в чем причины бедствий всех народов нашего времени: в отсутствии разумного религиозного учения, которое, одинаково уясняя людям смысл их существования, определяло бы и высший закон, долженствующий руководить их поступками, и в замене и того и другого теми, более чем сомнительными положениями, ложной религии и ложной науки и вытекающими из того и другого безнравственными выводами, называемыми цивилизацией.