Алан Гринспен - Капитализм в Америке: История
- Название:Капитализм в Америке: История
- Автор:
- Жанр:
- Издательство:Альпина Паблишер
- Год:2020
- Город:Москва
- ISBN:978-5-9614-2990-9
- Рейтинг:
- Избранное:Добавить в избранное
-
Отзывы:
-
Ваша оценка:
Алан Гринспен - Капитализм в Америке: История краткое содержание
300 лет назад Америка была лишь совокупностью разрозненных поселений на краю обитаемого мира. Сначала она обеспечила благосостояние своих граждан, а затем экспортировала процветание по всему миру в форме изобретений и идей. Сегодня Америка занимает лидирующие позиции в ряде отраслей – от разработки природных ресурсов до биотехнологий. Но другие быстро растущие державы отбирают у нее экономическое первенство.
Капитализм в Америке: История - читать онлайн бесплатно ознакомительный отрывок
Интервал:
Закладка:
11
Ann Norton Greene, Horses at Work: Harnessing Power in Industrial America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008), 1–2.
12
Там же, 41.
13
Paul David, "Computer and Dynamo: The Modern Productivity Paradox in a Not-Too-Distant Mirror", Center for Economic Policy Research, No. 339, Stanford University, July 1989 . См. также: "The Dynamo and the Computer: A Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox ", American Economic Review 80, no. 2 (May 1990), Papers and Proceedings of the Hundred and Second Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, 355–361.
14
Stanley Lebergott, Pursuing Happiness: American Consumers in the Twentieth Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), 37–39.
15
Правда, работы по дому не считаются производительным трудом при подсчете ВВП, таким образом, это значительное повышение в уровне жизни не нашло отражения ни в показателях часовой производительности, ни в показателях MPF/ОФП.
16
Deirdre Nansen McCloskey, Bourgeois Equality: How Ideas, Not Capital or Institutions, Enriched the World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016), 154.
17
Ernest Freeberg, The Age of Edison: Electric Light and the Invention of Modern America (New York: Penguin Books, 2013), 76–80.
18
John McCusker, ed., "Colonial Statistics", Governance and International Relations , vol. 5 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition , ed. Susan B. Carter et al. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 627; Richard Sutch, ed., "National Income and Product", Economic Structure and Performance, vol. 3 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, 3 .
19
Robert H. Wiebe, SelfRule: A Cultural History of American Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 17.
20
Gordon S. Wood, The American Revolution: A History (New York: Modern Library, 2002), 9.
21
Alan Taylor, American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804 (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016), 375.
22
Цит. по: Douglas A. Irwin, Clashing over Commerce: A History of U. S. Trade Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 121.
23
Taylor, American Revolutions , 23.
24
Ann Norton Greene, Horses at Work: Harnessing Power in Industrial America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008), 48.
25
Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode, ed., "Crops and Livestock", Economic Sectors, vol. 4 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, 18 .
26
Oscar Handlin and Lilian Handlin, Liberty in Expansion 1760–1850 (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), 246–247.
27
W. B. Todd, ed., An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of "The Wealth of Nation," vol. 2 of Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976), 578 .
28
"Fin Tech: The First Venture Capitalists", The Economist, December 30, 2015 .
29
Walter A. McDougall, Freedom Just Around the Corner: A New American History 1585–1828 (New York: HarperCollins, 2004), 40.
30
David Reynolds, America, Empire of Liberty (London: Allen Lane, 2009), 144–145.
31
McDougall, Freedom Just Around the Corner , 490.
32
Taylor, American Revolutions , 23.
33
U. S. Debt and Foreign Loans, 1775–1795, Department of State, Office of the Historian, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784–1800/loans.
34
С 1800 по 1804 г. банковский дом Baring Brothers носил имя Francis Baring and Co., после чего сменил имя на Baring Brothers.
35
Robert Gallman, "Growth and Change in the Long Nineteenth Century", The Long Nineteenth Century, vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, ed. Stanley Engerman and Robert Gallman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 13 .
36
James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 6 (Макферсон Дж. Боевой клич свободы. Гражданская война в США 1861–1865. Екатеринбург: Гонзо, 2012).
37
Wiebe, Self-Rule , 43.
38
Там же, 41.
39
"Median Age of the Population, by Race, Sex, and Nativity: 1790 to 1970", Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1975), 19.
40
Walter A. McDougall, Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era 1829–1877 (New York: HarperCollins, 2008), 140.
41
Daniel J. Boorstin, The Americans: The National Experience (New York: Vintage Books, 1965), 25.
42
Daniel J. Boorstin, The Americans: The National Experience (New York: Vintage Books, 1965), 25.
43
Louis P. Cain, "Entrepreneurship in the Antebellum United States", The Invention of Enterprise, ed. David S. Landes, Joel Mokyr, and William J. Baumol (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010), 348.
44
Там же, 349.
45
H. W. Brands, Masters of Enterprise: Giants of American Business from John Jacob Astor and J. P. Morgan to Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey (New York: Free Press, 1999), 33.
46
Gavin Wright, ed., "Natural Resource Industries", Economic Sectors, vol. 4 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, 275.
47
U. S. Energy Information Administration, "Annual Energy Review 2011", table. E1.
48
McDougall, Throes of Democracy , 143.
49
Greene, Horses at Work, 55.
50
Там же, 166.
51
George Rogers Taylor, The Transportation Revolution 1815–1860 (New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1951), 15–17.
52
Там же, 132–133.
53
Greene, Horses at Work, 52.
54
Louis Cain, ed., "Transportation", Economic Sectors, vol. 4 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, 762.
55
Greene, Horses at Work, 78.
56
Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 214.
57
Cain, "Transportation", Economic Sectors, vol. 4 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Milliennial Edition, 770.
58
Там же.
59
Albert Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Antebellum Economy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965); Robert Fogel, Railroads and American Economic Growth (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1964).
60
Richard Tedlow, The Rise of the American Business Corporation (Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991), 13–14.
61
Fogel, Railroads and American Economic Growth.
62
McDougall, Throes of Democracy, 143.
63
Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 695.
64
Richard White, Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011), 37.
65
Wiebe, Self-Rule, 56.
66
McDougall, Freedom Just Around the Corner, 178–179.
67
Michael Haines, ed., "Population Characteristics", Population, vol. 1 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, 21.
68
Sutch, "National Income and Product", Economic Structure and Performance, vol. 3 of Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, 17.
69
McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 10.
70
Thomas Jefferson, "Letter to John Jay", Jefferson: Writings, ed. Merrill D. Peterson (New York: Library of America, 1984), 818.
71
Авторы Конституции США наделили федеральное правительство правом устанавливать налоги, декларировав, что Конгресс обладает правом «вводить и взимать налоги, пошлины, сборы и акцизы».
72
Jon Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power (New York: Random House, 2013), 348.
73
Там же, 349.
74
Там же, 350.
75
Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815– 1848 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 133.
76
Там же, 535.
77
Там же, 534.
78
James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 19.
79
Douglas A. Irwin, Clashing over Commerce: A History of U. S. Trade Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017), 133–134.
80
McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 14.
81
Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 533.
82
Walter A. McDougall, Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era 1829–1877 (New York: HarperCollins, 2008), 130.
83
Jeremy Atack, Fred Bateman, and William Parker, "The Farm, the Farmer, and the Market", The Long Nineteenth Century, vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, ed. Stanley Engerman and Robert Gallman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 272.
84
McDougall, Throes of Democracy, 131.
85
McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 21.
86
Sven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A New History of Global Capitalism (London: Allen Lane, 2014), 100 (Беккерт С. Империя хлопка. Всемирная история. – М.: Издательство Института Гайдара, 2018).
Читать дальшеИнтервал:
Закладка:
