Сандра Кан - Укус эволюции. Откуда у современного человека неправильный прикус, кривые зубы и другие деформации челюсти

24. Jane E. Brody. 2009. A Breathing technique offers help for people with asthma. New York Times. November 2. Просмотрено 28 октября 2017 по ссылке: http://nyti.ms/28Ns7iV.

25. Подробнее о знаменитом эффекте Вериго – Бора читайте: F. B. Jensen. 2004. Red blood cell pH, the Bohr effect, and other oxygenation-linked phenomena in blood O2 and CO2 transport. Acta physiologica Scandinavica 182: 215–227.

26. D. J. Abbott, F. M. Baroody, E. Naureckas, and R. M. Naclerio. 2001. Elevation of nasal mucosal temperature increases the ability of the nose to warm and humidify air. American Journal of Rhinology 15: 41–45.

27. D. E. Lieberman. 2011. The evolution of the human head. Harvard University Press.

28. P. McKeown. 2010. Buteyko meets Dr. Mew. Buteyko Clinic.com.

29. GOPex – разновидность челюстно-лицевой терапии, ориентированной на осанку (формальное название «миопостуральная терапия»). Также ее запросто можно перепутать с одним общепризнанным видом физиотерапии, схожей с логопедией (формальное название «миофункциональная терапия»). Последняя помогает перетренировать мышечную память лицевой мускулатуры. Это чем-то напоминает реабилитацию, которая требуется после паралича конечности в результате несчастного случая. Необходимо восстановить мышечную память, которая была утрачена этой конечностью.

Челюстно-лицевая миофункциональная терапия обучает детей, которые неправильно используют мышцы рта и лица, восстановлению контроля посредством физиотерапии. Эти упражнения нацелены на функцию – движение – и могут чрезвычайно эффективно справляться с поставленной перед ними задачей. Вместе с тем, они играют незначительную роль в направлении роста и развития челюсти и лица.

30. S. Kahn and S. Wong. 2016. GOPex: Good oral posture exercises. Self-published.

31. F. B. Jensen. 2004. Red blood cell pH, the Bohr effect, and other oxygenation-linked phenomena in blood O2 and CO2 transport. Acta physiologica Scandinavica 182: 215–227.

32. См., например, T. R. Belfor. 2014. Airway development through dental appliance therapy. Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy 3 (178) 2167–0277; D. Mahony and T. Belfor. Anti-Ageing Medicine and Orthodontic Appliance Therapy Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach, http://asnanportal.com/images/Orthodontics/ANTI-AGING MEDICINE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE.pdf; или G. Singh, J. Diaz, C. Busquets-Vaello, and T. Belfor. 2003. Facial changes following treatment with a removable orthodontic appliance in adults. The Functional Orthodontist 21: 18–20, 22–13.

33. Кевин Бойд, личный разговор, 12 марта 2016.

34. B. Melsen, L. Attina, M. Santuari, and A. Attina. 1987. Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion. The Angle Orthodontist 57: 113–120.

1. Помните, что вся эта статистика – лишь грубая оценка.

2. E. Tausche, O. Luck, and W. Harzer. 2004. Prevalence of malocclusions in the early mixed dentition and orthodontic treatment need. The European Journal of Orthodontics 26: 237–244.

3. L. E. J. Johnston. 1999. Growing jaws for fun and profit: A modest proposal. In Growth modification: What works, what doesn’t, and why, J. McNamara Jr., ed.: 63–86. Twenty-Fifth Annual Moyers Symposium, vol. 35. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

4. Kevin Boyd. 2016. Pre– and post-natal retrognathia in Homo sapiens: An evolutionary perspective on a modern, and serious, pediatric health problem, Просмотрено 28 октября 2017 по ссылке: http://bit.ly/2bM4qpA.

5. P. R. Ehrlich. 2000. Human natures: Genes, cultures, and the human prospect. Island Press.

6. R. M. Little. 1999. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment: University of Washington studies. In Seminars in orthodontics: 191–204. Elsevier; R. M. Little, R. A. Riedel, and J. Artun J. 1988. An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 93: 423–428; and R. M. Little, T. R. Wallen, and R. A. Riedel. 1981b. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment: First premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics 80: 349–365.

7. R. M. Little. 1999. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment: University of Washington studies. Seminars in orthodontics: 191–204. Elsevier.

8. M. Mew. 2009. A black swan? British Dental Journal 206: 393–393.

9. J. Alió-Sanz, C. Iglesias-Conde, J. Lorenzo-Pernía, A. Iglesias-Linares, A. Mendoza-Mendoza, and E. Solano-Reina. 2012. Effects on the maxilla and cranial base caused by cervical headgear: A longitudinal study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 17: e845–e851.

10. Kirsi Pirilä-Parkkinen, Pertti Pirttiniemi, Peter Nieminen, Heikki Löppönen, Uolevi Tolonen, Ritva Uotila, and Jan Huggare. 1999. Cervical headgear therapy as a factor in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatric Dentistry 21: 39–45.

11. L. E. J. Johnston. 1999. Growing jaws for fun and profit: A modest proposal. In Growth modification: What works, what doesn’t, and why, J. McNamara Jr., ed.: 63–86. Twenty-Fifth Annual Moyers Symposium, vol. 35. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

12. J. R. C. Mew. 2007. Facial changes in identical twins treated by different orthodontic techniques. World Journal of Orthodontics 8: 174–187.

13. J. R. C. Mew. 1981. The aetiology of malocclusion: Can the tropic premise assist our understanding? British Dental Journal 151: 296–301; and J. R. C. Mew. 1993. Forecasting and monitoring facial growth. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 104: 105–120.

14. J. McNamara. 1981a. Influence of respiratory pattern on craniofacial growth. Angle Orthodont. 51: 269–300; and J. A. J. McNamara. 1981b. Components of class II malocclusion in children 8–10 years of age. Angle Orthodont. 51: 177–202.

15. W. Proffit. 1978. Equilibrium theory revisited: factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthodont. 48: 175–185.

16. D. E. Lieberman. 2011. The evolution of the human head. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

17. I. Bondemark, A. K. Holm, K. Hansen, S. Axelsson, B. Mohlin, V. Brattstrom, G. Paulin, and T. Pietila. 2007. Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment and patient satisfaction: A systematic review. Angle Orth. 77: 181–191.

18. R. Little, T. Wallen, and R. Riedel. 1981. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment: First premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics 80: 349–365.

19. J. R. C. Mew. 2007. Facial changes in identical twins treated by different orthodontic techniques. World Journal of Orthodontics 8: 174–187.

20. Д.Р.С. Мью, личная беседа.

21. Саймон Вонг, личная беседа.

22. J. R. C. Mew. 2004b. The postural basis of malocclusion: A philosophical overview. The American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 126: 729–738.

23. J. R. C. Mew. 2007. Facial changes in identical twins treated by different orthodontic techniques. World Journal of Orthodontics 8: 174–187.

24. Саймон Вонг, личная беседа.

25. Сообщено лично доктором Майклом Мью и одним из его пациентов Сандре.

26. Журнальные статьи по системе приспособлений DNA. Просмотрено 28 октября 2017 по ссылке: http://bit.ly/1p2mC3g; G. Singh, T. Griffin, and R. Chandrashekhar. 2014. Biomimetic oral appliance therapy in adults with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Austin J Sleep Disord 1: 5; W. Harris and G. Singh. 2013. Resolution of «gummy smile» and anterior open bite using the DNA appliance: Case Report. J Amer Orthod Soc: 30–34.

27. L. E. J. Johnston. 1999. Growing jaws for fun and profit: A modest proposal. In Growth modification: What works, what doesn’t, and why, J. McNamara Jr., ed.: 63–86. Twenty-Fifth Annual Moyers Symposium, vol. 35. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

28. C. F. Aelbers and L. Dermaut. 1996. Orthopedics in orthodontics: Part I, Fiction or reality: A review of the literature. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 110: 513–519; and L. Dermaut and C. Aelbers C. 1996. Orthopedics in orthodontics: Fiction or reality. A review of the literature, part II. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 110: 667–671.

29. P. Agostino, A. Ugolini, A. Signori, A. Silvestrini-Biavati, J. E. Harrison, and P. Riley. 2014. Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8; F. R. Borrie, D. R. Bearn, N. Innes, and Z. Iheozor-Ejiofor. 2015. Interventions for the cessation of non-nutritive sucking habits in children. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3; F. R. Carvalho, D. Lentini-Oliveira, M. Machado, G. Prado, L. Prado, and H. Saconato. 2007. Oral appliances and functional orthopedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2; H. Minami-Sugaya, D. A. Lentini-Oliveira, F. R. Carvalho, M. A. C. Machado, C. Marzola, H. Saconato, and G. F. Prado. 2012. Treatments for adults with prominent lower front teeth. The Cochrane Library; N. Parkin, S. Furness, A. Shah, B. Thind, Z. Marshman, G. Glenroy, F. Dyer, and P. E. Ben son. 2012. Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12; A. A. Shah. 2003. Postretention changes in mandibular crowding: A review of the literature. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 124: 298–308; B. Thiruvenkatachari, J. E. Harrison, H. V. Worthington, and K. D. O’Brien. 2013. Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11; S. Watkinson, J. E. Harrison, S. Furness, and H. V. Worthington. 2013. Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children. The Cochrane Library; and Y. Yu, J. Sun, W. Lai, T. Wu, S. Koshy, and Z. Shi. 2013. Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment. The Cochrane Library.

30. K. B. Kim. 2015. How has our interest in the airway changed over 100 years? American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 148: 740–747.

31. D. M’Kenzie D. 1915. Some points of common interest to the rhinologist and the orthodontist. International Journal of Orthodontia 1: 9–17.

32. P. 7.

33. http://aapmd.org/

34. D. H. Enlow and M. G. Hans. 1996. Essentials of facial growth. Saunders.

35. N. Stefanovic, H. El, D. L. Chenin, B. Glisic, and J. M. Palomo. 2013. Three-dimensional pharyngeal airway changes in orthodontic patients treated with and without extractions. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 16: 87–96.