Тони Харман - Эффект микробиома. Как способ рождения ребенка влияет на его будущее здоровье

Ma°rild, K., Stephansson, O., Montgomery, S., Murray, J.A., Ludvigsson, J.F. (2012), ‘Pregnancy outcome and risk of celiac disease in offspring: a nationwide case-control study’, Gastroenterology Vol. 142(1), pp.39–45; e3

Markle, J.G., Frank, D.N., Adeli, K., von Bergen, M., Danska, J.S. (2014), ‘Microbiome manipulation modifies sex-specific risk for autoimmunity’, Gut Microbes, Vol. 5(4), pp.485–93

Mejia-León, M.E., Petrosino, J.F., Ajami, N.J., Dominguez-Bello, M.G., de la Barca, A.M. (2014), ‘Fecal microbiota imbalance in mexican children with type 1 diabetes’, Scientific Reports, Vol. 4:3814

Vajro, P., Paolella, G., Fasano, A. (2013), ‘Microbiota and gut-liver axis: their influences on obesity and obesity-related liver disease’, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Vol. 56(5), pp.461–8

Walker, W.A. (2013), ‘Initial intestinal colonization in the human infant and immune homeostasis’, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Vol. 63(2), pp.8–15

Weng, M., Walker, W.A. (2013), ‘The role of gut microbiota in programming the immune phenotype’, The Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, Vol. 4(3), pp.203–14

Введение: «Знакомьтесь с авторами» vimeo.com/154871900

Глава 1: «Что такое микробиом?» vimeo.com/151882942

Глава 2: «Как происходит посев микробиома в родах?» vimeo.com/151882943

Глава 3: «Грудное вскармливание и микробиом» vimeo.com/151882944

Глава 4: «Кесарево сечение и микробиом» vimeo.com/151885515

Глава 5: «Иммунная система и микробиом» vimeo.com/151885514

Глава 6: «Объяснение эпигенетики» vimeo.com/151885517

Глава 7: «Древо болезней доктора Дитерта» vimeo.com/151885518

Глава 8: «Наихудший сценарий» vimeo.com/151885516

Глава 9: «Планы на будущее» vimeo.com/152602719

Мы выражаем огромную благодарность двенадцати экспертам, давшим нам интервью и тем самым принявшим участие в создании этой книги. Это Мартин Блейзер, Родни Дитерт, Мария Глория Домингез Белло, Ханна Дален, Лесли Пейдж, Алика Белл, Сью Картер, Анита Козирски, Нина Моди, Филип Стир, Жаклин Тейлор и Стефан Эльбе. Мы благодарим наших экспертов за разрешение использовать в книге их высказывания.

Также мы благодарны Мэттью Хайду, Кэти Уорвик и Джули Герланд за разрешение взять у них интервью для нашего фильма «Микророждение».

Мы выражаем огромную признательность всем, кто принял участие в нашей кампании по сбору средств на создание фильма «Микророждение».

Спасибо Мартину Вагнеру, Зои Бланк и другим членам блестящей команды издательства «Пинтер и Мартин».

Наконец, говорим отдельное спасибо и выражаем глубокую признательность редактору нашей книги Джуди Барратт.

Введение

1 Dietert, R.R. and Dietert, J.M. (2012), ‘The completed self: An immunological view of the human-microbiome superorganism and risk of chronic diseases’, Entropy, Vol.14, pp.2036–65, www.mdpi.com/1099- 4300/14/11/2036

2 Professor Rodney Dietert was awarded the James G. Wilson Publication Award for his paper published in Birth Defects Research: ‘The microbiome in early life: self-completion and microbiota protection as health priorities’. See Chavez N. (27 May 2015), ‘Rodney Dietert, PhD, Receives James G. Wilson Publication Award connection’, Birth Defects Research Connection, The Teratology Society, connection.teratology.org/p/bl/ et/%20blogid=17&blogaid=440

3 Doula! The Film (2010, 60 mins), Alto Films Ltd, doulafilm.com

4 Freedom For Birth (2012, 60 mins), Alto Films Ltd freedomforbirth. com. Released on 20 September 2012 with over 1,000 public screenings worldwide. It has been estimated that more than 100,000 people saw the film on one day.

5 Microbirth (2014, 60 mins), Alto Films Ltd, microbirth.com

6 Maurier R. (2013), ‘C-section, formula feeding affect babies’ gut bacteria’, University of Alberta, 11 February, uofa.ualberta.ca/news-and-events/newsarticles/2013/february/csectionformulaaffectbabiesgutbacteria

7 Darmasseelane, K., Hyde, M.J., Santhakumaran, S., Gale, C., Modi, N. (2014), ‘Mode of delivery and offspring body mass index, overweight and obesity in adult life: a systematic review and meta- analysis’, PLoS ONE, Vol. 9 9(2): e87896,journals.plos.org/plosone/ article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087896

Глава 1

8 Smith, P.A. (2014), ‘Is your body mostly microbes? Actually, we have no idea’, Boston Globe, 14 September, www.bostonglobe.com/ ideas/2014/09/13/your-body-mostly-microbes-actually-have-idea/ qlcoKot4wfUXecjeVaFKFN/story.html

9 National Institutes of Health (2012), ‘NIH Human Microbiome Project defines normal bacterial makeup of the body’, 13 June, www.nih.gov/ news/health/jun2012/nhgri-13.htm

10 Bowers, R., Sullivan, A., Costello, E., Collett, J., Knight, R., and Fierer, N. (2011), ‘Sources of bacteria in outdoor air across cities in the midwestern United States’, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 77(18), 6350–6

11 Lewis, D.A., Brown, R., Williams, J., White, P., Jackobson, S.K., Marchesi,J.R., and Drake, M.J. (2013), ‘The human urinary microbiome; bacterial DNA in voided urine of asymptomatic adults’, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. Vol. 3(41), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC3744036/

12 Wheatley, M.B., Rud, E., Warren, R.L., Holt, R.A., Surette, M.G., and Power, C. (2013), ‘Brain microbial populations in HIV/AIDS: a-proteobacteria predominate independent of host immune status’, PLOS One 8(1): e54673, journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal. pone.0054673

13 Kong, F., and Singh, R.P. (2008), ‘Disintegration of solid foods in human stomach’, Journal of Food Science, Vol. 73(5): R67–80, www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/18577009

14 Rao, J.N., and Wang, J.Y. (2010), ‘Intestinal architecture and development’, in Regulation of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Growth (Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, San Rafael, California), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK54098

15 Stephen, A.M., and Cummings, J.H. (1980), ‘The microbial contribution to human faecal mass’, Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 13(1), pp.45–56, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7359576

16 FARE – Food Allergy Research and Education, ‘Food allergy basics: facts and statistics’, www.foodallergy.org/facts

17 In the study, type-I diabetes had risen from 1.5 cases per 1,000 children in 2002 to 2.3 cases per 1,000 in 2013. Diabetes Care, 17 December, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160104205615/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/ medlineplus/news/fullstory_156281.html

18 Celiac Disease Foundation, ‘What is celiac disease?’, celiac.org/celiac-disease/what-is-celiac-disease

19 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Overweight and Obesity Statistics www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/Pages/overweight-obesity-statistics.aspx

20 NHS Choices (2016), ‘Heartburn and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)’, www.nhs.uk/conditions/Gastroesophageal-reflux-disease/ Pages/Introduction.aspx

21 Clemente, J.C., Pehrsson, E.C., Blaser, M.J., Sandhu, K., Gao, Z., Wang, B., Magris, M., et al. (2015), ‘The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians’, Science Advances 1(3) pii: e1500183, advances.sciencemag.org/ content/1/3/e1500183

22 Bailey, L.C, Forrest, C.B., Zhang, P., Richards, T.M., Livshits, A., DeRusso, PA. Association of antibiotics in infancy with early childhood obesity. JAMA Pediatrics, 168 (11), pp.1063-9, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/25265089

23 Van Boeckel, T.P., Brower, C, Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B.T., Levin, S.A., Robinson, T.P., et al. (2015), ‘Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 112(18), pp.5649–54, www.pnas.org/content/112/18/5649.abstract

24 Bazian (2015), ‘Antibiotic use in farm animals “threatens human health”’, NHS Choices, www.nhs.uk/news/2015/12December/Pages/Antibiotic-use- in-farm-animals-threatens-human-health.aspx

25 Soil Association, ‘Overuse of antiobiotics in farming’, www.soilassociation. org/antibiotics/overuseofantibioticsinfarming

26 Microbiology Online, ‘Antiobiotics’, www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/ about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body/antibiotics

27 Some people believe that penicillin was actually first discovered by a physician called John Tyndall in 1875; http://itech.dickinson.edu/chemistry/?p=107

28 American Chemical Society, International Historic Chemical Landmarks. ‘Discovery and development of penicillin’, www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html

29 ‘The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945, The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize, www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/ laureates/1945

30 Turner, M. (2014), ‘Antibiotic resistance: 6 diseases that may come back to haunt us’, The Guardian, 9 May, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/09/6-diseases-becoming-resistant-to-antibiotics

31 World Health Organization (2014), ‘Antimicrobial resistance global report on surveillance 2014’, www.who.int/drugresistance/documents/surveillancereport/en/

32 NHS Choices (2016), Vaginal thrush’, www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Thrush/Pages/Causes.aspx

Глава 2

33 Park, A. (2015), ‘Babies in the womb aren’t so sterile after all’, TIME, 28 December, time.com/4159249/baby-microbiome-womb

34 Stout, M.J., Conlon, B., Landeau, M., Lee, I., Bower, C., Qiuhong, A., et al. (2013), ‘Identification of intracellular bacteria in the basal plate of the human placenta in term and preterm gestations’, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol. 208(3); 226, e221–e227, www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740162

35 Aagaard, K., Ma, J., Antony, K.M., Ganu, R., Petrosino, J., and Versalovic, J. (2014), ‘The placenta harbors a unique microbiome’. Science Translational Medicine, Vol. 6(237): 237ra65, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/24848255

36 Cao, B., Stout, M.J., Lee, I., and Mysorekar, I.U. (2014), ‘Placental microbiome and its role in preterm birth’, NeoReviews, Vol. 15(12), e537–e545, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307601

37 Mueller, N.T., Bakacs, E., Combellick, J., Grigoryan, Z., and Dominguez-Bello, M.G. (2015), ‘The infant microbiome development: mom matters’, Trends in Molecular Medicine, Vol. 21(2), pp.109–117, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464665

38 Koren, O., Goodrich, J.K., Cullender, T.C., Spor, A., Laitinen, K., BaЁckhed, H.K., et al. (2012), ‘Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy’, Cell, 150, pp.470–480, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/22863002