Роберт Аллен - От фермы к фабрике

Расчет уровня рождаемости предполагает вычисление повозрастных показателей рождаемости для женщин для каждого года в 1926–1989 гг. Андреев, Дарский и Харькова (1992, 150) в рамках своего анализа приводят оценки этих показателей за период 1926–1959 гг.; данные по более поздним периодам взяты из изданий «Население СССР» (1973, 137) и «Народное хозяйство» разных годов выпуска. При этом приводимые в указанных издания цифры по уровню рождаемости для возрастных категорий с пятилетним интервалом применялись ко всем возрастам в рамках интервала.

Расчет показателей смертности также требует повозрастного анализа уровня смертности мужчин и женщин во всех возрастных категориях. Данные за 1926–1958 гг. были заимствованы из исследования Андреева, Дарского и Харьковой (1992, 133 и далее), в рамках которого авторы воспроизводят распределение мужского и женского населения по возрастным категориям для каждого года за период 1920–1959 гг. Они также приводят численность мужского и женского населения в виде пятилетних интервалов, поэтому сравнение численности обеих гендерных категорий за один год с численностью возрастной группы на 5 лет старше за следующий отчетный год и дает искомый уровень смертности. Для проведения такой операции потребовалось восстановление уровня смертности в 1926, 1931–1939, 1941, 1946, 1951, 1956 и 1958 г. Введение в анализ показателей детской смертности также дало возможность вычислить средний уровень смертности детей в возрасте от 1 до 4 лет. Данные для расчетов за периоды после 1959 г. взяты из «Народного хозяйства» разных годов выпуска.

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