Шошана Зубофф - Эпоха надзорного капитализма. Битва за человеческое будущее на новых рубежах власти

Hoofnagle, Federal Trade Commission , 158.

См.: Andrea Peterson, “Former NSA and CIA Director Says Terrorists Love Using Gmail,” Washington Post , September 15, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/09/15/former-nsa-and-cia-director-says-terrorists-love-using-gmail.

Marc Rotenberg, “Security and Liberty: Protecting Privacy, Preventing Terrorism,” testimony before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, 2003.

Swire, “The Second Wave,” 846.

Hoofnagle, Federal Trade Commission , Chapter 6.

Lyon, Surveillance After September 11 , 15.

Richard Herbert Howe, “Max Weber’s Elective Affinities: Sociology Within the Bounds of Pure Reason,” American Journal of Sociology 84, no. 2 (1978): 366–385.

См.: Joe Feuerherd, “‘Total Information Awareness’ Imperils Civil Rights, Critics Say,” National Catholic Reporter , November 29, 2002, http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2002d/112902/112902d.htm.

См.: Matt Marshall, “Spying on Startups,” Mercury News , November 17, 2002.

Marshall, “Spying on Startups”.

Mark Williams Pontin, “The Total Information Awareness Project Lives On,” MIT Technology Review , April 26, 2006, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/405707/the-total-information-awareness-project-lives-on.

John Markoff, “Taking Spying to Higher Level, Agencies Look for More Ways to Mine Data,” New York Times , February 25, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/25/technology/25data.html.

Inside Google, “Lost in the Cloud: Google and the US Government,” Consumer Watchdog, January 2011, insidegoogle.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/GOOGGovfinal012411.pdf.

Nafeez Ahmed, “How the CIA Made Google,” Medium (blog), January 22, 2015, https://medium.com/insurge-intelligence/how-the-cia-made-google-e836451a959e.

Verne Kopytoff, “Google Has Lots to Do with Intelligence,” SFGate , March 30, 2008, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Google-has-lots-to-do-with-intelligence-3221500.php.

Noah Shachtman, “Exclusive: Google, CIA Invest in ‘Future’ of Web Monitoring,” Wired , July 28, 2010, http://www.wired.com/2010/07/exclusive-google-cia.

Ryan Gallagher, “The Surveillance Engine: How the NSA Built Its Own Secret Google,” Intercept (blog), August 25, 2014, https://firstlook.org/theintercept/ 2014/08/25/icreach-nsa-cia-secret-google-crisscross-proton.

Robyn Winder and Charlie Speight, “Untangling the Web: An Introduction to Internet Research,” National Security Agency Center for Digital Content, March 2013, http://www.governmentattic.org/8docs/UntanglingTheWeb-NSA_2007.pdf.

Richard O’Neill, Seminar on Intelligence, Command, and Control (Cambridge, MA: Highlands Forums Press, 2001), http://www.pirp.harvard.edu/pubs_pdf/o’neill/o’neill-i01-3.pdf; Richard P. O’Neill, “The Highlands Forum Process,” interview by Oettinger, April 5, 2001.

Mary Anne Franks, “Democratic Surveillance” (SSRN Scholarly Paper, Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, November 2, 2016), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2863343.

Ahmed, “How the CIA Made Google”.

Stephanie A. DeVos, “The Google-NSA Alliance: Developing Cybersecurity Policy at Internet Speed,” Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2011): 173–227.

Избирательное сродство, связывающее деятельность правительства с Google и более широким коммерческим надзорным проектом, стало очевидным в течение десятилетия, последовавшего за 11 сентября, когда АНБ старалось уподобиться Google, анализируя и интегрируя возможности Google в различных областях. Более подробные размышления об этом см. в: “Lost in the Cloud: Google and the US Government,” Inside Google , January 2011, insidegoogle.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/GOOGGovfinal012411.pdf; Ahmed, “How the CIA Made Google”; Verne Kopytoff, “Google Has Lots to Do with Intelligence,” SFGate, March 30, 2008, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Google-has-lots-to-do-with-intelligence-3221500.php; “Google Acquires Keyhole Corp—News Announcements,” Google Press , October 27, 2004, http://googlepress.blogspot.com/2004/10/google-acquires-keyhole-corp.html; Josh G. Lerner et al., “In-Q-Tel: Case 804–146,” Harvard Business School Publishing , February 2004, 1–20; Winder and Speight, “Untangling the Web”; Gallagher, “The Surveillance Engine”; Ellen Nakashima, “Google to Enlist NSA to Help It Ward Off Cyberattacks,” Washington Post, February 4, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/03/AR20100 20304057.html; Mike Scarcella, “DOJ Asks Court to Keep Secret Any Partnership Between Google, NSA,” BLT: Blog of Legal Times , March 9, 2012, 202, http://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2012/03/doj-asks-court-to-keep-secret-any-partnership-between-google-nsa.html; Shane Harris, @WAR: The Rise of the Military-Internet Complex (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014), 175.

Jack Balkin, “The Constitution in the National Surveillance State,” Minnesota Law Review 93, no. 1 (2008), http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/225.

Jon D. Michaels, “All the President’s Spies: Private-Public Intelligence Partnerships in the War on Terror,” California Law Review 96, no. 4 (2008): 901–966.

Michaels, “All the President’s Spies,” 908; Chris Hoofnagle, “Big Brother’s Little Helpers: How ChoicePoint and Other Commercial Data Brokers Collect and Package Your Data for Law Enforcement,” North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 29 (January 1, 2003): 595; Junichi P. Semitsu, “From Facebook to Mug Shot: How the Dearth of Social Networking Privacy Rights Revolutionized Online Government Surveillance,” Pace Law Review 31, no. 1 (2011).

Mike McConnell, “Mike McConnell on How to Win the Cyber-War We’re Losing,” Washington Post , February 28, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ content/story/2010/02/25/ST2010022502680.html.

Davey Alba, “Pentagon Taps Eric Schmidt to Make Itself More Google-ish,” Wired , March 2, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/03/ex-google-ceo-eric-schmidt-head-pentagon-innovation-board; Lee Fang, “The CIA Is Investing in Firms That Mine Your Tweets and Instagram Photos,” Intercept , April 14, 2016, https://theintercept.com/2016/04/14/in-undisclosed-cia-investments-socialmedia-mining-looms-large.

Fred H. Cate and James X. Dempsey, eds., Bulk Collection: Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), xxv—xxvi.

Michael Alan Bernstein, The Great Depression: Delayed Recovery and Economic Change in America, 1929–1939, Studies in Economic History and Policy (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1987), chapters 1, 8.

http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/how-obamas-internet-campaign-changed-politics/?_r=0.

Sasha Issenberg, “The Romney Campaign’s Data Strategy,” Slate , July 17, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/victory_lab/2012/07/the_romney_campaign_s_data_strategy_they_re_outsourcing_.single.html. См. также: Joe Lertola and Bryan Christie Design, “A Short History of the Next Campaign,” Politico , February 27, 2014, http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/02/a-short-history-of-thenext-campaign-103672.html.

Daniel Kreiss and Philip N. Howard, “New Challenges to Political Privacy: Lessons from the First U.S. Presidential Race in the Web 2.0 Era,” International Journal of Communication 4 (2010): 1032–1050.

Sasha Issenberg, The Victory Lab: The Secret Science of Winning Campaigns (New York: Crown, 2012), 271.

«Я делаю это как частное лицо, – сказал Шмидт журналистам, – официально Google сохраняет нейтралитет» в этой избирательной кампании. Его первое появление вместе с Обамой имело место на одном мероприятии во Флориде, где они были модераторами секции по экономике. Шмидт сказал газете Wall Street Journal, что планируемая им поддержка Обамы будет «естественным продолжением» его роли неформального советника. См.: Monica Langley and Jessica E. Vascellaro, “Google CEO Backs Obama,” Wall Street Journal , October 20, 2008, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122446734650049199; and Jeff Zeleny and Elisabeth Bumiller, “Candidates Face Off Over Economic Plans,” New York Times , October 21, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/us/politics/22campaign.html.

Robert Reich, “Obama’s Transition Economic Advisory Board: The Full List,” US News & World Report , November 7, 2008, http://www.usnews.com/news/campaign-2008/articles/2008/11/07/obamas-transition-economic-advisory-board-the-full-listn.

Eamon Javers, “Obama—Google Connection Scares Competitors,” Politico , November 10, 2008, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15487.html.

“Diary of a Love Affair: Obama and Google (Obama@Google),” Fortune , November 14, 2007, http://archive.fortune.com/galleries/2009/fortune/0910/gallery.obama_google.fortune/2.html.

Brody Mullins, “Google Makes Most of Close Ties with White House,” Wall Street Journal , March 24, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-makes-most-of-close-ties-to-white-house-1427242076.

Jim Rutenberg, “Data You Can Believe In: The Obama Campaign’s Digital Masterminds Cash In,” New York Times , June 20, 2013, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/magazine/the-obama-campaigns-digital-masterminds-cash-in.html.

Rutenberg, “Data You Can Believe In”.