Крис Огилви-Геральд - Проклятие Тутанхамона
- Название:Проклятие Тутанхамона
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- Издательство:М.: Эксмо, 2010. — 544 с.: ил
- Год:2010
- ISBN:978-5-699-41545-8
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Крис Огилви-Геральд - Проклятие Тутанхамона краткое содержание
День 4 ноября 1922 года стал одним из величайших в истории мировой археологии. Именно тогда знаменитый египтолог Говард Картер и лорд Карнарвон, финансировавший раскопки, обнаружили гробницу фараона Тутанхамона, наполненную бесценными сокровищами Однако для членов экспедиции этот день стал началом кошмара. Люди, когда-либо спускавшиеся в усыпальницу, погибали один за другим. Газеты принялись публиковать невероятные материалы о древнем египетском демоне, мстящем археологам за осквернение гробницы…
В своей увлекательной книге известные исследователи исторических аномалий Коллинз и Огилви-Геральд подробно изложили хронологию открытия гробницы Тутанхамона и связанных с этим загадочных событий Основываясь на письмах и статьях знаменитых археологов, а также воспоминаниях очевидцев, авторы задаются сенсационным вопросом: не могли ли Говард Картер и лорд Карнарвон обнаружить в гробнице Тутанхамона некую взрывоопасную тайну, способную в случае огласки перевернуть сложившиеся взгляды на библейскую и мировую историю? И не могла ли эта тайна стать для первооткрывателей усыпальницы реальным проклятием — осуществляемым не мстительными богами Египта, а наемными убийцами на службе влиятельных политических сил, которым могла помешать неудобная правда?..
Andrew Collins, Chris Ogilvie-HeraldTUTANKHAMUN. THE EXODUS CONSPIRACY;TRUTH BEHIND ARCHAEOLOGY» S GREATEST MYSTERY
Перевод с английского кандидата филологических наук С.В.Головой и А.М.ГоловаОформление обложки художника Евгения Савченко
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16Ibid., p. 352–353.
I7Ibid.
18Ibid., p. 350.
19Ibid., p. 352.
20Ibid.
21Ibid., p. 351.
22Ibid.
23Ibid., p. 356.
24See Harris, «Akhenaten and Nefernefruaten in the Tomb of Tutankhamun,» in Reeves, After Tufankhamun: Research and excavation in the Royal Necropolis at Thebes, p. 60. For information online concerning the Nelson-Atkins sequins go to http://echoesofeternity.umkc.edu/Sequins.htm
25Harris, p. 60.
26Hoving, p. 356.
27Ibid. p. 355.
28Reeves, The Complete Tutankhamun, pp. 96—7.
29Carter, III, p. 34.
30Hoving, p. 357.
31Ibid.
32Lee…the grand piano came by camel: Arthur C. Mace, the neglected Egyptologist, p. 100, from a conversation with Margaret Orr.
33'Cheiro» (Hamon), Real Life Stories: A Collection of Sensational Personal Experiences, p. 47.
34Ibid., p. 49–50.
35'Tragedy of the Hon. R Bethell. Death at his club. Tutankhamen curse recalled.», Daily Mail, 16 November 1929, p. 11.
36'Cheiro» (Hamon), p. 52, cf. Universal News Service press release on the death of Lord Westbury, February 1930.
37Ibid., p. 49.
38Ibid., p. 51.
39Daily Mail, 16 November 1929, p. 11.
40Tragedy of Lord Westbury. «I cannot stand any more horrors.» Pharoah's curse», Daily Express, 22 February 1930, pp. 1–2.
41Ibid, p. 1.
42See Hoving, pp. 27–37.
43Letter from Arthur Weigall to Howard Carter, dated 25 January 1923, to be found in the Carter Files, Department of Egyptian Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and quoted in James, Howard Carter: the Path to Tutankhamun, p. 242.
44James, pp. 242—3.
ГЛАВА ЧЕТЫРНАДЦАТАЯ. СКАНДАЛЬНЫЙ ДОКЛАД
1Кееdick, op. cit.
2The exact date of the exchange is not recorded in Keedick's memoirs.
3Hoving, Tutankhamun — The Untold Story, p. 311.
4Letter from Lord Carnarvon to Alan H Gardiner, dated 28 November 1922, quoted in Reeves and Taylor, Howard Carter: Before Tutankhamun, p. 141.
5Budge, Tutankhamen: Amenism, Atenism, and Egyptian Monotheism etc., pp. xviii — xix.
6Merton, «An Egyptian treasure: Great find at Thebes: Lord Carnarvon's long quest»; «Doctor Petrie's views: Unique finds», The Times, 30 November 1922, p. 13.
7'The Egyptian find: Lord Carnarvon's hopes: Difficulties of photography: The unopened chamber», The Times 18 December 1922, p. 14.
8Telegram from Howard Carter to Alan H Gardiner, date unknown, c. early December 1922, quoted in Vandenberg, The Forgotten Pharaoh, p. 125.
9'The Egyptian treasure: The importance of the find: Dr. A Gardiner's views», The Times 4 December 1922, p. 7.
10Carter and Mace, The Tomb of Tut.ankhAmen, I, p. viii.
11Carter and Mace, I, p. viii.
12Herbert, account of discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb (copy), c. 1922—3, British Library Manuscript Collection, RP 17991.
13Reeves, «Tutankhamun and his Papyri», GS 88 (1985), pp. 39–45.
14Ibid., p. 39.
15Ibid.
16Belzoni, Narrative, p. 235 f.; cf. Belzoni, Description of the Egyptian Tomb, 1821, 10, quoted in Ibid., p. 40.
17List of Egyptian Antiquities belonging to Ну. Salt Esqr. forwarded to the British Museum, one of two MSS in the Department of Egyptian Antiquities, the British Museum, quoted in ibid, p. 40.
18Ibid., p. 40, cf. Arundale, Bonomi and Birch, Gallery, 47.
19Ibid., pp. 40—1. The item in question is British Museum No. EA882.
20Ibid, pp. 40, 44 n. 14.
21Reeves and Taylor, Howard Carter: Before Tutankhamun, p. 18.
22Reeves, 1985, p. 41.
23Reeves, The Complete Tutankhamun, 1995, p. 129.
24Budge, p. xii.
25Brackman, The Search for the Gold of Tutankhamen, p. 180.
26Hoving, p. 311.
27Keedick, op. cit.
ГЛАВА ПЯТНАДЦАТАЯ. ЭПОХА ИСХОДА
1Ex. 1: 8. All biblical quotations and references are taken from the Revised King James Bible, unless otherwise indicated
2Ex. 1: 11.
3Ex. 1: 12.
4Ex. 1: 14.
5Ex. 2: 1.
6Ex. 2: 3.
7Ex. 2: 10.
8Acts 7: 22.
9Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, II, x, 1–2.
10Ех. 3: 1.
11Ex. 3: 2–3.
12Ех. 3: 7–8.
13Ех. 3: 14.
14Ех. 3: 14–15.
15Ех. 14: 21.
16Ех. 16: 1.
17Ех. 19: 11.
18Ех. 33: 6.
19Ех. 32: 4.
20Deut. 34: 1.
21Deut. 34: 6.
22Keedick, «Howard Carter», unpublished memoirs, c. 1924.
23Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, s.v. «Pharaoh», pp. 538—42, which describes Rameses II as Pharaoh of the Oppression.
24Gen. 45: 10; 46: 28, 29, 34.
25Gen. 47: 11.
26Num. 13: 22 27Ps. 78: 12, 43.
28Easton, s.v. «Zo» an», pp. 713—14.
29Bietak, «Avaris and Piramesse: Archaeological Exploration in the Eastern Nile Delta», PBA 65 (1979), pp. 228—9.
30Adam, «Recent discoveries in the Eastern Delta», ASAE 55 (1958), pp. 306, 318-20.
31Ibid., p. 320.
32Ibid., p. 323; Habachi, «Khata» na-Qantir, Importance», ASAE 52 (1952), p. 443.
33See Adam, pp. 322—4.
34Habachi, pp. 443—4.
35Van Seters, The Hyksos: a new investigation, pp. 127—51.
36Naville, The Geography of the Exodus», JEA 10 (1924), pp. 28–32.
37Wan Seters, pp. 148—9.
38Bietak., pp. 247—53.
39Ibid, p. 269.
40Ibid, р. 273.
41Ibid., р. 279-
42Easton, s.v. «Pharaoh», pp. 538—42.
43Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, «Hymn of Victory of Mer-ne-Ptah (The «Israel Stela»)», pp. 376—8.
44Ibid, p. 378.
45Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, pp. 57–73.
46Pritchard, p. 378 n. 19.
47Lichtheim, pp. 77.
48P Anastasi VI, 4: 11—5:5, in Redford, Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times, p. 228.
49Naville, The Store-city of Pithom and the Route of the Exodus, pp. 4–5.
50Ibid.
51Ibid., p. 4.
52Ibid., pp. 13–14, 28.
53Ibid, pp. 4, 10, 12–13.
54Ibid., pp. 12–13.
55Ibid., pp. 11–12. See Ex. 5:7–8.
56Holladay, Cities of the Delta, pi. Ill: Tell el Maskhuta: Preliminary Report on the Wadi Tumilat Project 1978–1979, pp. 10–27.
57Millard, «How Reliable Is Exodus?», BAR 24:4 (July/August 2000), p. 55.
58A11 dates for biblical events are taken from Easton, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Appendix I–Chronological tables, pp. 715–727. However, Wright, The Illustrated Bible Treasury, p. 173, gives 973 BC as the date for the foundation of Solomon's Temple.
59Ex. 12: 40.
60Bimson, «A Chronology for the Middle Kingdom and Israel's Egyptian Bondage», SISR3 (1979), pp. 64—9.
61Ibid.
62Wilson, The Exodus Enigma, p. 20.
63Ibid.
ГЛАВА ШЕСТНАДЦАТАЯ. ЕГИПТЯНИН ПО ИМЕНИ МОИСЕЙ
1Weigall, The Life and Times of Akhenaten.
2Weigall, Tutankhamen And Other Essays, p. 100.
3Ibid., pp. 101—2.
4See Manetho, trans., Waddell, p. xiv.
5Weigall, p. 107.
6Manetho, Aegyptiaca, quoted in Josephus, Flavius Josephus Against Apion, trans. Whiston, I, 26.
7Ibid.
8Ibid.
9Ibid.
10Ibid.
11Ibid.
12Ibid.
13Manetho, trans. Waddell, fr. 54,1. 237.
14Manetho, trans. Whiston, I, 26.
15Ibid., Osarsiph, or Osarseph in Manetho, trans. Waddell, fr. 54,1. 238.3.
16Manetho, trans. Whiston, I, 26.
17Ibid. I, 14.
18Manetho, trans. Waddell, fr. 54,1. 246.
19Manetho, trans. Whiston, I, 26.
20Ibid.
21Ibid. It is «grandfather Rapses» in Manetho, trans. Waddell, fr. 54,1. 245.
22Manetho, trans. Whiston, I, 27.
23Weigall, pp. 108-9.
24Ibid., p. 109.
25Ibid., p. 110.
26Ibid., p. 111.
27Ibid.
28Ibid., p. 112.
29Ibid.
30See Greenberg, The Hab/piru, and Na» aman, «Habiru and Hebrews: the transfer of a social term to the literary sphere», JNES 45: 4 (1986), pp. 271—88; Rowton, «Dimorphic structure and the problem of the «Apiru-«Ibrim», JNES 35:1 (1976), pp. 13–20.
31Weigall, pp. 115-6.
32See Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums, ii, pp. 421, 424-5, and Meyer, Aegyptische Chronologie, pp. 92—5.
33Budge, Tutankhamen, Amenism, Atenism and Egyptian Monotheism etc., p. xiii.
34Freud, Moses and Monotheism, pp. 97—8.
35Ibid., p, 42.
36Ex. 12: 12.
37Weigall,p. 111.
38Hecataeus of Abdera, quoted in Diodorus Siculus, Bib-liotheca Historica, 40, 1–8.
39Ibid., 40, 1.
40Ibid., 40, 3.
41Apion, Aegyptiaca, quoted in Josephus, II, 2.
42Redford, Akhenaten: the Heretic King p. 152.
43Weigall, p. 110.
44Budge, Gods of the Egyptians, I, p. 471; II, p. 361.
45Aldred, Akhenaten — King of Egypt, pp. 43, 260;
46Redford, pp. 146—7.
47Aldred, pp. 87, 273.
48Apion, in Josephus, II, 2.
ГЛАВА СЕМНАДЦАТАЯ. БОЖЬИ КАРЫ
1Manetho, Aegyptiaca, quoted in Josephus, «Flavius Josephus Against Apion», trans. Whiston, I, 26.
2Ibid.
3Ibid.
4Ibid.
5Redford, Pharaonic King-Lists, Annals and Day-books, 1986, p. 293.
6Assmann, Moses the Egyptian: The Memory of Egypt in Western Monotheism, p. 39.
7For an extensive discussion on the relationship between the Hyksos, the Thera eruption and the Tempest Stela see Chapter 16, Note 49- See also Redford, Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times, 1992, pp. 419—20.
8Aldred, Akhenaten: King of Egypt, pp. 173—4.
9Ibid., p. 174.
10Pendlebury, «Summary report on the excavations at Tell el-«Amarnah 1935–1936», JEA 22 (1936), p. 198.
11Ibid.
12See Pendlebury, pp. 197—8.
13Aldred, p. 174.
14Pendlebury, p. 198.
15Aldred, p. 180.
16See, for example, Reeves, Akhenaten; Egypt's False Prophet, pp. 75–78.
17Assmann, p. 26.
18See Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1,42.
19Aldred, p. 164.
20Mahdy, Tutankhamun: The Life and Death of a Boy King p. 175.
21Manetho, trans. Whiston, I, 26.
22Aldred, p. 164.
23Manetho, trans. Whiston, I, 26.
24Manetho, trans. Waddell, fr. 54,1. 232.
25Ibid., fr. 50, 1. 96, from Josephus, Contra Apionem, who gives the reign of Orus as 36 years 5 months; fr. 51, from Theophilus, Ad Autolyc. iii. 19, who gives 36 years 5 months; fr. 52, from Syncellus, according to Africanus, who gives 37 years; fr. 53 (a), from Syncellus, according to Eusebius, who gives 36 years (38 years in another copy); 53 (b) Armenian version of Eusebius, which gives 28 years.
26Ibid., fr. 50, 1. 96, from Josephus, Contra Apionem, who gives the reign ofAmenophisas 30 years 10 months; fr. 51, from Theophilus, Ad Autolyc. iii. 19, who gives 30 years 10 months; fr. 52, from Syncellus, according to Africanus, who gives 31 years; fr. 53 (a), from Syncellus, according to Eusebius, who gives 31 years; 53 (b) Armenian version of Eusebius, which gives 31 years.
27Ibid., fr. 50,1. 96, from Josephus, Contra Apionem, who gives the names of 18 kingsof the Eighteenth Dynasty; fr. 51, from Theophilus, Ad Autolyc. iii. 19, who gives 18 kings; fr. 52, from Syncellus, according to Africanus, who gives 16 kings; fr. 53 (a), from Syncellus, according to Eusebius, who gives 14 kings (but Syncellus elsewhere says he leaves out two kings); 53 (b) Armenian version of Eusebius, which gives 14 kings.
28Ibid., fr. 52, from Syncellus, according to Africanus; fr. 53 (a), from Syncellus, according to Eusebius; fr. 53 (b), Armenian version of Eusebius: «This is the king who was reputed to be Memnon, a speaking stone».
29Manetho, trans. Waddell, fr. 50,1. 96, from Josephus, Contra Apionem, who gives thereign of Acencheres as 12 years 1 month; fr. 51, from Theophilus, Ad Autolyc. iii. 19, who gives the reign of Acencheres as 12 years 1 month; fr. 52, from Syncellus, according to Africanus, who gives the reign of Acherres as 12 years; fr. 53 (a), fromSyncellus, according to Eusebius, who gives the reign of Achencherses as 12 years; 53 (b), Armenian version of Eusebius, which gives the reign of Achencheres as 16 years.
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