Алан Бринкли - Джон Фицджеральд Кеннеди

229

Kempe, Berlin 1961, p. 209.

230

New York Times, June 1, 1961.

231

Washington Post, June 2, 1961.

232

Kempe, Berlin 1961, p. 217.

233

Charles Kenney, John F. Kennedy: The Presidential Portfolio (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), p. 72.

234

Richard Rovere, New Yorker, June 17, 1961, p. 96.

235

Dallek, John F. Kennedy, p. 35.

236

«Memo of Correspondence Between N. S. Khrushchev and Robert F. Kennedy,» May n. d., 1961, JFKL.

237

Michael R. Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963 (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), pp. 164–65; Dallek, John F. Kennedy, p. 35; «Memo of Correspondence Between N. S. Khrushchev and Robert F. Kennedy,» May n. d., 1961, JFKL.

238

William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003), pp. 490–91.

239

«Memos of Conversation,» Vienna meeting, June 3, 1961, JFKL.

240

O’Donnell and Powers, Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye, p. 342.

241

Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 234–36.

242

«Memos of Conversation,» June 3, 1961, JFKL; «Joint United States — Soviet Communique,» Gettysburg, Pa., n. d., 1959, JFKL; «Memoranda of Conversation,» Sep-tember 15, 26, 1959, JFKL; Dallek, John F. Kennedy, p. 36.

243

«President’s Meeting with Khrushchev, Laos — Talking Points,» June 3–4, 1961, JFKL; «Memoranda of Conversation,» June 3–4, 1961, JFKL.

244

«Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, JFKL.

245

«Berlin: Questions That Might Be Raised,» n. d., 1961, JFKL.

246

«Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, JFKL; Taubman, Khrushchev, p. 500.

247

John F. Stacks, Scotty: James B. Reston and the Rise and Fall of American Journalism (Boston: Little, Brown, 2003), p. 199; New York Times, June 6, 1961. См. также Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 256–57.

248

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 176.

249

Preston, The War Council, p. 56.

250

Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 179–81.

251

Ibid., p. 180.

252

Saturday Review, August 5, 1961, p. 3.

253

Spencer R. Weart, Nuclear Fear: A History of Images (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988), pp. 254–55.

254

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 394.

255

R. Gerald Hughes, Britain, Germany, and the Cold War: The Search for a European Detente, 1949–1967 (Oxford: Routledge, 2007), p. 197. См. также «The President’s News Conference of July 19, 1961,» «Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis, July 25, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 513–14, 533–34, 538; Time, July 14, 1961.

256

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 212. See also Frederick Taylor, The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961–1989 (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 146; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 394.

257

New York Times, October 21, 1961.

258

Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 246–47.

259

New York Times, October 28, 1961.

260

Kennedy, «Address in Los Angeles at a Dinner of the Democratic Party of California, November 18, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 733–36. См. также David Talbot, Brothers: The Hidden Story of the Kennedy Years (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 75.

261

Jeff Shesol, Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud that Defined a Decade (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), p. 127.

262

Chester Bowles, Promises to Keep: My Years in Public Life, 1941–1969 (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), p. 343.

263

Thomas, Robert Kennedy, pp. 147, 157.

264

Mark J. White, The Kennedys and Khrushchev: The Declassified Documentary History (New York: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), p. 78.

265

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 492.

266

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 337.

267

FRUS, Cuba 1961–1962, p. 606. See also Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Doubleday, 2007), p. 210; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 335–37.

268

«Vienna Meeting: Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, JFKL; «Vienna Meeting: Background Documents,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; David R. Inglis, «Ban H — Bomb Tests and Favor the Defense,» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, November 1954, pp. 353–56.

269

Richard A. Falk, Samuel S. Kim, and Saul H. Mendrovitz, eds., Disarmament and Economic Development (Washington, D.C.: World Law Fund,1966), p. 46.

270

Beschloss, The Crisis Years, pp. 213–14.

271

J. P. Weisner and H. E. York, «National Security and the Nuclear Test Ban,» Scientific American, October 1964; Shane J. Maddock, «Defending the American Way and Containing the Atom: Ideology and U. S. Nuclear Proliferation Since 1945,» in Rosemary B. Mariner and G. Kurt Piehler, eds., The Atomic Bomb and American Society: New Perspectives (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2009), pp. 121–52.

272

William Rust, Perpetual Crisis: The American Experience in Laos, 1954–1961 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2012).

273

«The President’s News Conference of March 23, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 213–15.

274

Time, May 5, 1961.

275

Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 112, 689.

276

Charles de Gaulle, Memoirs of Hope: Renewal and Endeavor (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971), p. 256.

277

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 112.

278

Sorensen, Kennedy, pp. 396–99, 591.

279

«Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, Vienna, JFKL; «President’s Meeting with Khrushchev, Vienna, June 3–4, 1961, Laos: Talking Points,» Briefing Book, JFKL.

280

Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, pp. 244–45. См. также Roger Hilsman, To Move a Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Adminitration of John F. Kennedy (New York: Doubleday, 1967), p. 134; Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy’s Wars: Berlin, Cuba, and Laos (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 475 n; «Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, Vienna, JFKL; «President’s Meeting with Khrushchev, Vienna, June 3–4, 1961, Laos: Talking Points,» Briefing Book, JFKL; A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), p. 132.

281

Rust, Perpetual Crisis, pp. 18–56, 342–45.

282

Beschloss, The Crisis Years, p. 349.

283

«Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the Soviet Union, December 30, 1961,» in Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, p. 146. См. также Beschloss, The Crisis Years, p. 352.

284

Time, January 5, 1962.

285

«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 11, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 5–6.

286

Ibid.

287

Ibid.; Wall Street Journal, February 27, 1961.

288

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 404–5.

289

New York Times, April 12, 1962; Walter Heller to Lloyd Ulman, «Reuther’s Letter to the President,» April 12, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; «The President’s News Conference of April 11, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 315–16.

290

Time, April 20, 1962; Business Week, April 21, 1962.

291

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 296.

292

Reeves, A Question of Character, p. 332; Jim Bellows, The Last Editor (Kansas City, Mo.: Andrews McMeel, 2002), p. 88.

293

Benjamin A. Javits to JFK, June 11, 1962, JFKL; Roy Harrod to Seymour Harris, May 9, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy, p. 77; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 296–302.

294

«Why the Market Fell,» May 29, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL.

295

New York Times, May 29, 1962; «The Present Decline in Perspective,» «Why the Market Fell,» «Possible Government Action,» May 29, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; Walter Heller to JFK, May 31, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL.

296

«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 14, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 11–13.

297

Economist, May 19, 1962; Walter Heller to JFK, December 16, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 630–31.

298

Dallek, An Unfinished Life, pp. 375–76, 475–80.

299

William Chafe, Private Lives/Public Consequences: Personality and Politics in Modern America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005), pp. 122–23.

300

Ibid.

301

Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 288–89; Athan Theoharis, From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover (New York: I. R. Dee, 1991), pp. 40–41; Seymour M. Hersh, The Dark Side of Camelot (Boston: Little, Brown, 1997), pp. 298–325.

302

O’Brien, John F. Kennedy, p. 763; David Reynolds, Summits: Six Meetings that Shaped the Twentieth Century (New York: Basic Books, 2007), pp. 201–2.

303

Alistair Horne, Harold Macmillan, 1959–1986, vol. 2 (New York: Viking, 1989), p. 512; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 242–43.

304

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 43.

305

Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 705.

306

«First Debate, September 26, 1960,» in Kraus, The Great Debates, pp. 349–50.

307

«Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 1.

308

«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,» January 30, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 22.

309

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 169.

310

Franklin H. Williams, «The Shifting Negro Vote,» Frontier, January 1961, pp. 4, 13–14.

311

Hyman H. Bookbinder, «Appointment of Qualified Negro to Business Advisory Council,» April 14, 1961, JFKL; Carl Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), pp. 75–76.

312

Harris Wofford notes, «MLK,» n. d., JFKL. See also Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 100–101.

313

Frank J. Munger and Richard F. Fenno, National Politics and Federal Aid to Education (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1962) p. 132.

314

Harris Wofford to Kenneth O’Donnell, October 4, October 9, 1961, JFKL; Robert A. Wallace to Harris Wofford, November 22, 1961, JFKL.

315

Executive Order 10590, January 19, 1955, 20 Federal Record, 409; Executive Order 10925, March 6, 1961, 26 Federal Record 1977.

316

John L. Moore to Heads of Federal Agencies, «Nondiscrimination in Employment,» March 29, 1961, JFKL; JFK to A. Philip Randolph, February 17, 1961, JFKL; Carlisle P. Runge, Assistant Secretary of Defense, to Frederick G. Dutton, April 10, 1961, JFKL; Robert A. Wallace, Assistant Secretary to the Secretary of the Treasury, to Fred Dutton, April 7, 1961, JFKL; L. D. Battle to Frederick G. Dutton, April 11, 1961, JFKL.

317

Helen Fuller, Year of Trial: Kennedy’s Crucial Decisions (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1962), p. 29.

318

«Report of the Attorney General to the President on the Department of Justice’s Activities in the Field of Civil Rights,» December 29, 1961, JFKL. See also Franklin D. Reeves to Clarence T. R. Nelson, March 20, 1961, JFKL; «Summary Memorandum of Executive Action on Civil Rights,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; U. S. Commission on Civil Rights press release, September 9, 1961, JFKL.

319

«Summary Memorandum of Executive Action on Civil Rights,» n. d., 1962; «Executive Order: Equal Opportunity in Housing,» November 20, 1962, 27 Federal Record, 11527; JFK to Roy Wilkins, November 27, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Robert Weaver, November 27, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Whitney Young, November 27, 1962, JFKL; Jack Conway, «Draft Reply to Correspondence from Mayor C. Ben Holleman, West Palm Beach, Florida,» JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 131–35.