Алан Бринкли - Джон Фицджеральд Кеннеди

320

Progressive, vol. 2, no. 49, p. 16.

321

«Summary of Civil Rights Progress, January 20 through October 1961,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; Lee C. White, «Civil Rights Achievements Since January 1962,» December 13, 1962, JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 63, 127.

322

Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–1963 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988), pp. 143–205, 271–73; William Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), pp. 111–18.

323

Time, June 2, 1961; Raymond Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 11–54, 90–182.

324

New York Times, May 15, 1961; Time, May 26, 1961.

325

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 288.

326

New York Times, May 24, 30, 1961; Time, June 2, 1961; Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961, pp. 140–85.

327

Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 129.

328

Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961, p. 194. См. также Bryant, The Bystander, p. 278.

329

«Statement by the President Concerning Interference with the ’Freedom Riders’ in Alabama,» May 20, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 391.

330

Bryant, The Bystander, pp. 270, 275.

331

«Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs,» May 25, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 396–406.

332

«Statement by the President Upon Signing the Plans for Progress,» Washington, D.C., July 12, 1961, JFKL.

333

«Improvement in Non-White Industrial Emplo-yment — During ’Plans for Progress’ Program, May 15, 1961–December 15, 1961, December 15, 1961–June 15, 1962,» JFKL.

334

«Results of ’Plans for Progress’ Program — (A) One Year Results and (B) Six Months Results,» JFKL.

335

«Remarks of the President Before Participants in Signing of Plans for Progress in the East Room,» June 22, 1962, JFKL.

336

Robert Troutman Jr. to JFK, June 30, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Robert Troutman Jr., August 22, 1962, JFKL.

337

Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Recon-struction, pp. 147–51, 214–16.

338

Martin Luther King Jr., «Letter from a Birmingham Jail,» in Why We Can’t Wait (New York: Signet, 1964), pp. 64–84.

339

«Radio and Television Report to the Nation on the Situation at the University of Mississippi,» September 30, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 726–27.

340

Aaron Henry to JFK, n. d., 1962, JFKL; «Executive Order 11053: Providing Assistance for the Removal of Obstructions of Justice in the State of Mississippi,» September 30, 1962, JFKL; Jack Rosenthal, «Some Possible Ideas for the President’s Remarks to the United States Attorneys,» October 9, 1962, JFKL; JFK to C. B. Powell, October 11, 1962, JFKL; Amsterdam News, October 6, 1962; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 180–203.

341

Branch, Parting the Waters, pp. 782–85. См. также Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 595.

342

King, «Letter from a Birmingham Jail,» pp. 64–84.

343

Bryant, The Bystander, p. 381.

344

Ibid., p. 4. See also Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 243.

345

Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama — The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), p. 463.

346

Bryant, The Bystander, p. 394.

347

McWhorter, Carry Me Home, pp. 463–64; Bryant, The Bystander, p. 394.

348

Washington Post, February 13, 1963; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 464–65.

349

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 959.

350

Ibid., pp. 959–66; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 240.

351

«Radio and Television Report to the American People on Civil Rights,» June 11, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 468–71.

352

Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruc-tion, p. 264.

353

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 520.

354

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 346–49. См. также Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 247.

355

«Civil Rights — Public Accommodations, Hearings of the Committee on Commerce,» U. S. Senate, S 1732 (July 1, 1963), p. 25.

356

Washington Post, August 29, 30, 1963.

357

New York Times, August 29, 1963; Time, August 30, 1963.

358

William F. Theford to JFK, September 18, 1963, JFKL.

359

Harold Chase and Allen H. Lerman, eds., Kennedy and the Press: The News Conferences (New York: Crowell, 1965), p. 518; Lee C. White to Burke Marshall, September 18, 1963, JFKL; Lee C. White to Charles C. Diggs Jr., September 24, 1963, JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstrution, p. 310.

360

John Richard Snyder, John F. Kennedy: Personality, Policy, Presidency (New York: SR Books, 1988), p. 62. См. также Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 310. Похожая аргументация появилась в 2006 у британского журналиста Ника Брайанта (Nick Bryant), автора книги The Bystander, p. 11. Брайант, как и Дирксен, резко критиковал Кеннеди за то, что тот не спешил вмешиваться и тем самым упустил лучшую возможность. «Кеннеди частично виновен в кризисе в межрасовых отношениях», — писал он. — «Имея в начале 1960-х историческую возможность определять путь развития страны, который бы приблизил миллионы чернокожих американцев к свободе, Кеннеди предпочел политику бездействия»

361

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 649. См. также Gus Russo and Stephen Molton, Brothers in Arms: The Kennedys, the Castros, and the Politics of Murder (New York: Bloomsbury, 2008), pp. 157–58, 168–71.

362

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 341.

363

Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, eds., The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), p. 10.

364

Michael H. Hunt, Crises in U. S. Foreign Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), p. 255.

365

Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 53; Abram Chayes to McGeorge Bundy, «International Law Problems of Blockade,» September 10, 1962, JFKL; «Briefing Paper for President’s Press Conference — Subject: NATO Shipping and Cuban Trade,» September 13, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 10; «The President’s News Conference,» September 13, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 674–75; Elie Abel, The Missile Crisis (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1966), pp. 6–80.

366

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 13.

367

Ibid., pp. 12–15.

368

Graham Allison, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), p. 57. См. также Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 544; Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 20; Sorensen, Kennedy, p. 675.

369

Hunt, Crises in U. S. Foreign Policy, pp. 257–58.

370

Заседения ExComm записывались на магнитофон и впоследствии были опубликованы. О записи знал только президент.

371

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 36.

372

Ibid., p. 44.

373

Ibid., p. 115; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 48–51.

374

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 123–25.

375

Ibid., p. 122.

376

Ibid., p. 124.

377

Ibid.

378

Allison, Essence of Decision, p. 61; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 84–85.

379

Washington Post, October 21, 1962.

380

«Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba,» October 22, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 806–9.

381

«Proclamation 3504: Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba,» October 23, 1962, pp. 809–10, JFKL.

382

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 397.

383

Washington Post, October 23, 24, 1962; New York Times, October 23–28, 1962; Time, November 2, 1962; Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, «One Hell of a Gamble»: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), pp. 237–39; transcript, Gilpatric-JFK phone conversation, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

384

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 189.

385

Khrushchev to JFK, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

386

JFK to Khrushchev, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

387

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 213.

388

Ibid., pp. 213–14.

389

Ibid., p. 153.

390

Ibid., pp. 218–20, 229; «Overseas Reactions to President Kennedy’s Cuban Announcement,» October 23, 1962, JFKL; «News Conference,» Pierre Salinger, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

391

Timothy Naftali, Philip D. Zelikow, and Ernest R. May, eds., The Presidential Recordings: John F. Kennedy, vols 1–3, The Great Crises (Charlottesville, Va.: Miller Center, 2001), vol. 3, p. 213.

392

Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 126.

393

Khrushchev to JFK, October 24, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Khrushchev, October 25, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 242–43, 257.

394

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 292.

395

Ibid., p. 297.

396

Khrushchev to JFK, October 26, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to Secretary of State, October 26, 1962, JFKL.

397

Taubman, Khrushchev, p. 531.

398

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 230.

399

Ibid., p. 383.

400

Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 161–64, 180–81.

401

Betty Goetz Lall, «NATO — Warsaw Détente?» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 20, no. 9 (November 1964), pp. 37–39.

402

Khrushchev to JFK, October 28, 1962, JFKL.

403

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 489.

404

«Message in Reply to a Broadcast by Chairman Khrushchev on the Cuban Crisis,» October 28, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 814–15. См. также «Memorandum for the Secretary of State from the Attorney General,» October 30, 1962, JFKL.

405

«The President’s News Conference of November 20, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 830–32; Khrushchev to JFK, November 12, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to JFK, December 11, 1962, JFKL.

406

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 830; Life, November 12, 1965.

407

Jim Heath, Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy-Johnson Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), p. 131.

408

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 525.

409

Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 193.

410

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 351.

411

Ibid.; Wills, The Kennedy Imprisonment, pp. 262–63; Richard J. Walton, Cold War and Counterrevolution: The Foreign Policy of John F. Kennedy (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972), pp. 10, 116, 224; Robert Weisbrot, Maximum Danger: Kennedy, the Missiles, and the Crisis of American Confi (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), pp. 199–202.

412

Glen T. Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), pp. 51–60.

413

«ACDA Special Report No. 15: Consideration of Test Ban During Recess of Geneva Disarmament Conference,» September 11, 1962, JFKL.