Александр Кореньков - Битва за Мосул

Изучать операцию в Мосуле мы просто обязаны. Такой вывод я сделал, работая над этим материалом. Не просто интересоваться, а именно изучать, тщательно, подробно и желательно в естественных условиях горячего Ближнего Востока. Это нужно потому, что Украина на своей территории имеет два оккупированных города, с развитой инфраструктурой, плотной застройкой и сотнями тысяч жителей. Отдельные безответственные «эксперты» с завидной периодичностью предлагают освобождать эти города штурмом, не представляя себе масштабы ответственности и последствий такого решения. Надеюсь, что пример Мосула немного охладит пыл сторонников такого решения. Но не это было моей главной целью при написании работы. Операция в Мосуле должна стать предметом изучения и обсуждения потому, что она продемонстрировала ужасный оскал войны нового поколения, «тотальной войны в мегаполисе», в которой нет ни линий фронта, ни гражданских, ни законов. Я буду очень благодарен, если эта, далеко не идеальная работа, поможет в процессе осмысления современных вызовов, с которыми сталкивается общество.

Огромная просьба все замечания, критику и комментарии высылать на электронную почту — alexkorenkov@ukr.net

ИГ — «Исламское государство» — террористическая организация, созданная в 2014 году.

КТС — «Контртеррористическая служба»

ФП — «Федеральная полиция Ирака»

ВВ — взрывчатое вещество

СВУ — самодельное взрывчатое вещество

Хашд — «Хашд аш-Шааби» или «Отряды народной мобилизации».

РПГ — ручной противотанковый гранатомет

ЗСУ — зенитная самоходная установка

ДШК — пулемет «Дегтярева-Шпагина крупнокалиберный»

ПК (ПКМ) — пулемет Калашникова (модернизированный).

1. Mosul the Pearl of Northern Iraq: Its History and Contribution to Classical Civilisation of Islam — http://www.muslimheritage.com/article/mosul-pearl-of-northern-iraq

2. Operation Northern Watch — https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/northern_watch.htm

3. Operation Iraqi Freedom — http://www.au.af.mil/au/c21/iraq.htm#willing

4. General overview of the major maneuver formations of the Iraqi land forces, as of late 2002 — http://www.rjlee.org/iraq2002-1.htm

5. The Fight for Mosul — http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/reports/Iraq%20Report%208.pdf

6. CITY PROFILE OF MOSUL, IRAQ Multi-sector assessment of a city under siege. October 2016. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UN-Habitat_MosulCityProfile_V5.pdf

7. US admits Mosul killings — http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2951789.stm

8. The Fight for Mosul — http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/reports/Iraq%20Report%208.pdf

9. How I Didn’t Dismantle Iraq’s Army — http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/opinion/06bremer.html?ex=1346817600&en=278710834dcd1971&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink

10. Журнал «Румия» № 10

11. Colin Powell’s Presentation to the UN Security Council On Iraq’s WMD Program — https://youtu.be/ErlDSJHRVMA

12. Zawahiri’s letter to Zarqawi (English translation) — https://ctc.usma.edu/posts/zawahiris-letter-to-zarqawi-english-translation-2

13. Журнал «Дабик». № 1.

14. Ansar al-Sunna-http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/13

15. Mahdi Army — http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/57

16. Badr Organization — https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/badr-organization

17. Ansar al-Sunna Shariah — http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/11

18. The 1920s Revolution Brigades — http://www.aymennjawad.org/15037/the-1920s-revolution-brigades

19. Islamic Army in Iraq — http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/5

20. Mujahideen Army — http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/3?highlight=Mujahideen+Army

21. The Jihad and Reform Front (22 May 2007) — https://www.longwarjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Jihad-and-Reform-Front-22-May-2007.pdf

22. Al Douri forms nationalist Sunni coalition; 1920s Revolution Brigades denounces al Qaeda — https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/10/al_douri_forms_natio.php

23. The Anbar Awakening: Displacing al Qaeda from Its Stronghold in Western Iraq — http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/reports/IraqReport03.pdf

24. The Military «Leveraging» of Cultural Knowledge — lessons learned in Mosul — https://wikileaks.org/wiki/The_Military_%22Leveraging%22_of_Cultural_Knowledge_-_lessons_learned_in_M

25. Situation Called Dire in West Iraq — http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components

26. al Qaeda’s Grand Coalition in Anbar https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2006/10/alqaedas_grand_coali.php#

27. Jihad Groups in Iraq Take an Oath of Allegiance — https://www.memri.org/reports/islamist-websites-monitor-no-8

28. From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State — https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf

29. From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State — https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-ideology-of-the-Islamic-State.pdf

30. Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq — https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2006/iraq-stability-security_2006-02.pdf

31. Hearing on Sectarian Violence in Iraq and the Refugee Crisis: Testimony by Dr. Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle East Affairs, Congressional Research Service — http://www.uscirf.gov/countries-and-issues/iraq-press-releases/hearing-sectarian-violence-in-iraq-and-the-refugee-crisi-15

32. President Bush Addresses Nation on Iraq War,” CQ Transcripts Wire, Jan. 10, 2007, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011002208.html.

33. Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq — http://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads/general_petraeus_testimony_to_congress_8_april_2008.pdf

34. How the «Sons of Iraq» Stabilized Iraq — http://www.meforum.org/2788/sons-of-iraq

35. Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq: General Petraeus — http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/10_09_07_petraeus_text.pdf

36. US says 80 % of al-Qaeda leaders in Iraq removed — http://www.bbc.com/news/10243585

37. After the Caliphate: Interview with Omar Fawaz — http://www.aymennjawad.org/2017/07/after-the-caliphate-interview-with-omar-fawaz

38. CNN/Opinion Research Corporation Poll. Aug. 6–8, 2007 — http://www.pollingreport.com/iraq3.htm

39. Agreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq On the Withdrawal of United States Forces from Iraq and the Organization of Their Activities during Their Temporary Presence in Iraq — https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/122074.pdf

40. Operation New Dawn — http://www.usf-iraq.com/operation-new-dawn/

41. Iraq rejects US request to maintain bases after troop withdrawal — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/21/iraq-rejects-us-plea-bases

42. The US departure from Iraq is an illusion — https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/25/us-departure-iraq-illusion

43. Iraq rejects US request to maintain bases after troop withdrawal — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/21/iraq-rejects-us-plea-bases

44. Transcript: President Obama Iraq speech — http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16191394

45. Там же.

46. The 2003 Iraq War: Operations, Causes, and Consequences — http://www.lacsc.org/papers/papera1.pdf

47. Cost of Iraq War: Timeline, Economic Impact — https://www.thebalance.com/cost-of-iraq-war-timeline-economic-impact-3306301

48. The 2003 Iraq War: Operations, Causes, and Consequences — http://www.lacsc.org/papers/papera1.pdf

49. The Rise of Nouri al-Maliki — http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2015/04/13/rise-nouri-al-maliki

50. Iraq’s Anti-Terrorism Law Criticized. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2013/04/iraq-terrorism-law-executions-controversy.html

51. Iraq in Crisis Over Terror Death-Penalty Law. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/01/irp-terrorism-sadah-w-arabic-version.html

52. Iraqi protests defy the Maliki regime and inspire hope. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/17/iraq-protest-defy-maliki-regime

53. POLITICAL UPDATE: MAPPING THE IRAQ PROTESTS http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/political-update-mapping-iraq-protests

54. Protests in Iraq. map — http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0tP2Eo5dPxE/URKxGq1c55I/AAAAAAAAACE/_BxI54fUJzs/s1600/IraqProtestsWEEK4final.gif

55. Special Report: How Mosul fell — An Iraqi general disputes Baghdad’s story http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-gharawi-special-report-idUSKCN0I30Z820141014

56. Security Problems, Scrappy Militias Delay Fight Against Extremists In Western Mosul. http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/security/5533/Security-Problems-Scrappy-Militias-Delay-Fight-Against-Extremists-In-Western-Mosul.htm

57. Insurgents fight Iraqi forces in city of Mosul. http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security/insurgents-fight-iraqi-forces-in-city-of-mosul-idUKKBN0EH1YD20140606

58. Islamic State rounds up ex-Baathists to eliminate potential rivals in Iraq’s Mosul. http://in.reuters.com/article/iraq-islamic-state-mosul/islamic-state-rounds-up-ex-baathists-to-eliminate-potential-rivals-in-iraqs-mosul-idINKBN0FD19Z20140708

59. Iraqi Prime Minister sacks 36 army officers. http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraqi-prime-minister-sacks-36-army-officers-847961780

60. Secret Files Reveal the Structure of Islamic State/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/islamic-state-files-show-structure-of-islamist-terror-group-a-1029274.html

61. CITY PROFILE OF MOSUL, IRAQ. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UN-Habitat_MosulCityProfile_V5.pdf

62. "The Structure of the Caliphate". http://jihadology.net/2016/07/06/new-video-message-from-the-islamic-state-the-structure-of-the-caliphate/