Дэвид Райх - Кто мы и как сюда попали [Древняя ДНК и новая наука о человеческом прошлом]

38 D. B. Goldstein. “Common Genetic Variation and Human Traits”, New England Journal of Medicine 360 (2009): 1696–1698.

39 A. Okbay et al. “Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 74 Loci Associated with Educational Attainment”, Nature 533 (2016): 539–542; M. T. Lo et al. “Genome-Wide Analyses for Personality Traits Identify Six Genomic Loci and Show Correlations with Psychiatric Disorders”, Nature Genetics 49 (2017): 152–156; G. Davies et al. “Genome-Wide Association Study of Cognitive Functions and Educational Attainment in UK Biobank (N=112 151)”, Molecular Psychiatry 21 (2016): 758–767.

Глава 2. Встреча с неандертальцами

1 Charles Darwin. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (London: John Murray, 1871).

2 Erik Trinkaus. The Shanidar Neanderthals (New York: Academic Press, 1983).

3 D. Radovcˇ i, A. O. Sršen, J. Radovcˇ ic´, D. W. Frayer. “Evidence for Neandertal Jewelry: Modified White-Tailed Eagle Claws at Krapina”, PLoS One 10 (2015): e0119802.

4 J. Jaubert et al. “Early Neanderthal Constructions Deep in Bruniquel Cave in Southwestern France”, Nature 534 (2016): 111–114.

5 W. L. Straus, A. J. E. Cave. “Pathology and the Posture of Neanderthal Man”, Quarterly Review of Biology 32 (1957): 348–363.

6 William Golding. The Inheritors (London: Faber and Faber, 1955).

7 Jean M. Auel. The Clan of the Cave Bear (New York: Crown, 1980).

8 T. Higham et al. “The Timing and Spatiotemporal Patterning of Neanderthal Disappearance”, Nature 512 (2014): 306–309.

9 T. Higham et al. “Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and Implications for the Context of Ornaments and Human Remains Within the Châtelperronian”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 107 (2010): 20234–20239; O. Bar-Yosef, J.-G. Bordes. “Who Were the Makers of the Châtelperronian Culture?”, Journal of Human Evolution 59 (2010): 586–593.

10 R. Grün et al. “U-series and ESR Analyses of Bones and Teeth Relating to the Human Burials from Skhul”, Journal of Human Evolution 49 (2005): 316–334.

11 H. Valladas et al. “Thermo-Luminescence Dates for the Neanderthal Burial Site at Kebara in Israel”, Nature 330 (1987): 159–160.

12 E. Trinkaus et al. “An Early Modern Human from the Pe¸stera cu Oase, Romania”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 100 (2003): 11231–11236.

13 M. Krings et al. “Neandertal DNA Sequences and the Origin of Modern Humans”, Cell 90 (1997): 19–30.

14 C. Posth et al. “Deeply Divergent Archaic Mitochondrial Genome Provides Lower Time Boundary for African Gene Flow into Neanderthals”, Nature Communications 8 (2017): 16046.

15 Krings et al. “Neandertal DNA Sequences”.

16 M. Currat, L. Excoffier. “Modern Humans Did Not Admix with Neanderthals During Their Range Expansion into Europe”, PLoS Biology 2 (2004): e421; D. Serre et al. “No Evidence of Neandertal mtDNA Contribution to Early Modern Humans”, PLoS Biology 2 (2004): e57; M. Nordborg.“On the Probability of Neanderthal Ancestry”, American Journal of Human Genetics 63 (1998): 1237–1240.

17 R. E. Green et al. “Analysis of One Million Base Pairs of Neanderthal DNA”, Nature 444 (2006): 330–336.

18 J. D. Wall and S. K. Kim. “Inconsistencies in Neanderthal Genomic DNA Sequences”, PLoS Genetics 3 (2007): 1862–1866.

19 Krings et al. “Neandertal DNA Sequences”.

20 S. Sankararaman et al. “The Date of Interbreeding Between Neandertals and Modern Humans”, PLoS Genetics 8 (2012): e1002947.

21 P. Moorjani et al. “A Genetic Method for Dating Ancient Genomes Provides a Direct Estimate of Human Generation Interval in the Last 45,000 Years”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 113 (2016): 5652–5657.

22 G. Coop. “Thoughts On: The Date of Interbreeding Between Neandertals and Modern Humans”, Haldane’s Sieve, September 18, 2012, https://haldanessieve.org/2012/09/18/thoughts-on-neandertal-article/

23 K. Prüfer et al. “The Complete Genome Sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains”, Nature (2013): doi: 10.1038/nature 12886.

24 Там же.

25 Там же; M. Meyer et al. “A High-Coverage Genome Sequence from an Archaic Denisovan Individual”, Science 338 (2012): 222–226; J. D. Wall et al. “Higher Levels of Neanderthal Ancestry in East Asians Than in Europeans”, Genetics 194 (2013): 199–209.

26 Q. Fu et al. “The Genetic History of Ice Age Europe”, Nature 534 (2016): 200–205.

27 I. Lazaridis et al. “Genomic Insights into the Origin of Farming in the Ancient Near East”, Nature 536 (2016): 419–424.

28 Trinkaus et al. “An Early Modern Human”.

29 “An Early Modern Human from Romania with a Recent Neanderthal Ancestor”, Nature 524 (2015): 216–219.

30 N. Teyssandier, F. Bon, and J.-G. Bordes. “Within Projectile Range: Some Thoughts on the Appearance of the Aurignacian in Europe”, Journal of Anthropological Research 66 (2010): 209–229; P. Mellars. “Archeology and the Dispersal of Modern Humans in Europe: Deconstructing the ‘Aurignacian’ ”, Evolutionary Anthropology 15 (2006): 167–182.

31 M. Currat, L. Excoffier. “Strong Reproductive Isolation Between Humans and Neanderthals Inferred from Observed Patterns of Introgression”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 108 (2011): 15129–15134.

32 S. Sankararaman et al. “The Genomic Landscape of Neanderthal Ancestry in Present-Day Humans”, Nature 507 (2014): 354–357; B. Vernot, J. M. Akey. “Resurrecting Surviving Neandertal Lineages from Modern Human Genomes”, Science 343 (2014): 1017–1021.

33 N. Patterson et al. “Genetic Evidence for Complex Speciation of Humans and Chimpanzees”, Nature 441 (2006): 1103–1108.

34 Там же; R. Burgess, Z. Yang. “Estimation of Hominoid Ancestral Population Sizes Under Bayesian Coalescent Models Incorporating Mutation Rate Variation and Sequencing Errors”, Molecular Biology and Evolution 25 (2008): 1975–1994.

35 J. A. Coyne and H. A. Orr. “Two Rules of Speciation”, in Speciation and Its Consequences , ed. Daniel Otte and John A. Endler (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1989), 180–207.

36 P. K. Tucker et al. “Abrupt Cline for Sex-Chromosomes in a Hybrid Zone Between Two Species of Mice”, Evolution 46 (1992): 1146–1163.

37 H. Li, R. Durbin. “Inference of Human Population History from Individual Whole-Genome Sequences”, Nature 475 (2011): 493–496.

38 T. Mailund et al. “A New Isolation with Migration Model Along Complete Genomes Infers Very Different Divergence Processes Among Closely Related Great Ape Species”, PLoS Genetics 8 (2012): e1003125.

39 J. Y. Dutheil et al. “Strong Selective Sweeps on the X Chromosome in the Human-Chimpanzee Ancestor Explain Its Low Divergence”, PLoS Genetics 11 (2015): e1005451.

40 Sankararaman et al. “Genomic Landscape”; B. Jégou et al. “Meiotic Genes Are Enriched in Regions of Reduced Archaic Ancestry”, Molecular Biology and Evolution 34 (2017): 1974–1980.

41 Q. Fu et al. “Ice Age Europe”.

42 I. Juric, S. Aeschbacher, G. Coop. “The Strength of Selection Against Neanderthal Introgression”, PLoS Genetics 12 (2016): e1006340; K. Harris, R. Nielsen. “The Genetic Cost of Neanderthal Introgression”, Genetics 203 (2016): 881–891.

43 G. Bhatia et al. “Genome-Wide Scan of 29, 141 African Americans Finds No Evidence of Directional Selection Since Admixture”, American Journal of Human Genetics 95 (2014): 437–444.

44 Johann G. Fichte. Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre (Jena, Germany: Gabler, 1794).

Глава 3. Древняя ДНК открывает шлюзы

1 J. Krause et al. “Neanderthals in Central Asia and Siberia”, Nature 449 (2007): 902–904.

2 J. Krause et al. “The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Genome of an Unknown Hominin from Southern Siberia”, Nature 464 (2010): 894–897.

3 C. Posth et al. “Deeply Divergent Archaic Mitochondrial Genome Provides Lower Time Boundary for African Gene Flow into Neanderthals”, Nature Communications 8 (2017): 16046.

4 Krause et al. “Unknown Hominin”.

5 D. Reich et al. “Genetic History of an Archaic Hominin Group from Denisova Cave in Siberia”, Nature 468 (2010): 1053–1060.

6 K. Prüfer et al. “The Complete Genome Sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains”, Nature (2013): doi: 10.1038/nature 12886.

7 Jerry A. Coyne, H. Allen Orr. Speciation (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2004).

8 S. Sankararaman, S. Mallick, N. Patterson, D. Reich. “The Combined Landscape of Denisovan and Neanderthal Ancestry in Present-Day Humans”, Current Biology 26 (2016): 1241–1247.

9 P. Moorjani et al. “A Genetic Method for Dating Ancient Genomes Provides a Direct Estimate of Human Generation Interval in the Last 45,000 Years”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 113 (2016): 5652–5657.

10 Sankararaman et al. “Combined Landscape”.

11 D. Reich et al. “Denisova Admixture and the First Modern Human Dispersals into Southeast Asia and Oceania”, American Journal of Human Genetics 89 (2011): 516–528.

12 Q. Fu et al. “DNA Analysis of an Early Modern Human from Tianyuan Cave, China”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 110 (2013): 2223–2227; M. Yang et al. “40,000-Year-Old Individual from Asia Provides Insight into Early Population Structure in Eurasia”, Current Biology 27 (2017): 3202–3208.

13 Prüfer et al. “Complete Genome”.

14 C. B. Stringer and I. Barnes. “Deciphering the Denisovans”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 112 (2015): 15542–15543.

15 G. A. Wagner et al. “Radiometric Dating of the Type-Site for Homo Heidelber-gensis at Mauer, Germany”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 107 (2010): 19726–19730.

16 C. Stringer. “The Status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908)”, Evolutionary Anthropology 21 (2012): 101–107.

17 A. Brumm et al. “Age and Context of the Oldest Known Hominin Fossils from Flores”, Nature 534 (2016): 249–253.

18 Reich et al. “Denisova Admixture”.

19 Prüfer et al. “Complete Genome”.

20 Там же; Sankararaman et al. “Combined Landscape”.

21 E. Huerta-Sánchez et al. “Altitude Adaptation in Tibetans Caused by Introgression of Denisovan-like DNA”, Nature 512 (2014): 194–197.

22 F. H. Chen et al. “Agriculture Facilitated Permanent Human Occupation of the Tibetan Plateau After 3600 B.P.”, Science 347 (2015): 248–250.

23 S. Sankararaman et al. “The Genomic Landscape of Neanderthal Ancestry in PresentDay Humans”, Nature 507 (2014): 354–357; B. Vernot and J. M. Akey. “Resurrecting Surviving Neandertal Lineages from Modern Human Genomes”, Science 343 (2014): 1017–1021.

24 Prüfer et al. “Complete Genome”.