Роберт Сапольски - Биология добра и зла. Как наука объясняет наши поступки

S. Nichols, “Experimental Philosophy and the Problem of Free Will,” Sci 331 (2011): 1401.

D. Premack and G. Woodruff, “Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?” BBS 1 (1978): 515. Данные «против»: D. Povinelli and J. Vonk, “Chimpanzee Minds: Suspiciously Human?” TICS 7 (2003): 157. Данные «за»: B. Hare et al., “Do Chimpanzees Know What Conspecifics Know and Do Not Know?” Animal Behav 61 (2001): 139. К сноске: L. Santo Let al., “Rhesus Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) Know What Others Can and Cannot Hear,” Animal Behav 71 (2006): 1175.

J. Decety et al., “The Contribution of Emotion and Cognition to Moral Sensitivity: A Neurodevelopmental Study,” Cerebral Cortex 22 (2011): 209.

J. Decety et al., “Who Caused the Pain? An fMRI Investigation of Empathy and Intentionality in Children,” Neuropsychologia 46 (2008): 2607; J. Decety et al., “The Contribution of Emotion and Cognition to Moral Sensitivity: A Neurodevelopmental Study,” Cerebral Cortex 22 (2012): 209; J. Decety and K. Michalska, “Neurodevelopmental Changes in the Circuits Underlying Empathy and Sympathy from Childhood to Adulthood,” Developmental Sci 13 (2010): 886.

J. Decety et al., “The Contribution of Emotion and Cognition to Moral Sensitivity: A Neurodevelopmental Study,” Cerebral Cortex 22 (2012): 209; N. Eisenberg et al., “The Relations of Emotionality and Regulation to Dispositional and Situational Empathy-Related Responding,” JPSP 66 (1994): 776.

P. Blake et al., “The Ontogeny of Fairness in Seven Societies,” Nat 528 (2016): 258.

I. Almas et al., “Fairness and the Development of Inequality Acceptance,” Sci 328 (2010): 1176; E. Fehr et al., “Egalitarianism in Young Children,” Nat 454 (2008): 1079; K. Olson et al., “Children’s Responses to Group-Based Inequalities: Perpetuation and Rectification,” Soc Cog¯ 29 (2011): 270; M. Killen, “Children’s Social and Moral Reasoning About Exclusion,” Curr Dir Psych Sci 16 (2007): 32.

D. Garz, Lawrence Kohlberg: An Introduction (Cologne, Germany: Barbara Budrich, 2009).

C. Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).

N. Eisenberg, “Emotion, Regulation, and Moral Development,” Ann Rev of Psych 51 (2000): 665; J. Hamlin et al., “Social Evaluation by Preverbal Infants,” Nat 450 (2007): 557; M. Hoffman, Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

W. Mischel et al., “Cognitive and Attentional Mechanisms in Delay of Gratification,” JPSP 21 (1972): 204; W. Mischel, The Marshmallow Test: Understanding Self-Control and How to Master It (New York: Bantam Books, 2014); K. McRae et al., “The Development of Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study of Cognitive Reappraisal in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults,” SCAN 7 (2012): 11; H. Palmeri and R. N. Aslin, “Rational Snacking: Young Children’s Decision-Making on the Marshmallow Task is Moderated by Beliefs About Environmental Reliability,” Cog 126 (2013): 109.

B. J. Casey et al., “From the Cover: Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Delay of Gratification 40 Years Later,” PNAS 108 (2011): 14998; N. Eisenberg et al., “Contemporaneous and Longitudinal Prediction of Children’s Social Functioning from Regulation and Emotionality,” Child Development 68 (1997): 642; N. Eisenberg et al., “The Relations of Regulation and Emotionality to Resiliency and Competent Social Functioning in Elementary School Children,” Child Development 68 (1997): 295.

L. Holt, The Care and Feeding of Children (NY: Appleton-Century, 1894). Между 1894 и 1915 г. эта книга пережила 15 изданий.

Об истории госпитализма см.: R. Sapolsky, “How the Other Half Heals,” Discover , April 1998, p. 46.

J. Bowlby Attachment and Loss , vol. 1, Attachment (New York: Basic Books, 1969); J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss , vol. 2, Separation (London: Hogarth Press, 1973); J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss , vol. 3, Loss: Sadness & Depression (London: Hogarth Press, 1980).

D. Blum, Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the Science of Affection (New York: Perseus, 2002). Из этого источника взята цитата Хорлоу.

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G. Barr et al., “Transitions in Infant Learning Are Modulated by Dopamine in the Amygdala,” Nat Nsci 12 (2009): 1367; R. Sullivan et al., “Good Memories of Bad Events,” Nat 407 (2000): 38; S. Moriceau et al., “Dual Circuitry for Odor-Shock Conditioning During Infancy: Corticosterone Switches Between Fear and Attraction via Amygdala,” J Nsci 26 (2006): 6737; R. Sapolsky, “Any Kind of Mother in a Storm,” Nat Nsci 12 (2009): 1355.

R. Sapolsky and M. Meaney, “Maturation of the Adrenocortical Stress Response: Neuroendocrine Control Mechanisms and the Stress Hyporesponsive Period,” Brain Res Rev 11 (1986): 65.

L. M. Renner and K. S. Slack, “Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment: Understanding Intra-and Intergenerational Connections,” Child Abuse & Neglect 30 (2006): 599.

D. Maestripieri, “Early Experience Affects the Intergenerational Transmission of Infant Abuse in Rhesus Monkeys,” PNAS 102 (2005): 9726.

C. Hammen et al., “Depression and Sensitization to Stressors Among Young Women as a Function of Childhood Adversity,” J Consulting Clin Psych 68 (2000): 782; E. McCrory et al., “The linkh Between Child Abuse and Psychopathology: A Review of Neurobiological and Genetic Research,” J the Royal Soc of Med 105 (2012): 151; K. Lalor and R. McElvaney, “Child Sexual Abuse, linkhs to Later Sexual Exploitation/ High-Risk Sexual Behavior, and Prevention / Treatment Programs,” Trauma Violence & Abuse 11 (2010): 159; Y. Dvir et al., “Childhood Maltreatment, Emotional Dysregulation, and Psychiatric Comorbidities,” Harvard Rev of Psychiatry 22 (2014): 149; E. Mezzacappa et al., “Child Abuse and Performance Task Assessments of Executive Functions in Boys,” J Child Psych and Psychiatry 42 (2001): 1041; M. Wichers et al., “Transition from Stress Sensitivity to a Depressive State: Longitudinal Twin Study,” Brit J Psychiatry 195 (2009): 498.

C. Heim et al., “Pituitary-Adrenal and Autonomic Responses to Stress in Women After Sexual and Physical Abuse in Childhood,” JAMA 284 (2000): 592; E. Binder et al., “Association of FKBP5 Polymorphisms and Childhood Abuse with Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adults,” JAMA 299 (2008): 1291; C. Heim et al., “The Dexamethasone/Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Test in Men with Major Depression: Role of Childhood Trauma,” BP 63 (2008): 398; R. Lee et al., “Childhood Trauma and Personality Disorder: Positive Correlation with Adult CSF Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Concentrations,” Am J Psychiatry 162 (2005): 995; R. J. Lee et al., “CSF Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Personality Disorder: Relationship with Self-Reported Parental Care,” Neuropsychopharmacology 31: (2006): 2289; L. Carpenter et al., “Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Perceived Early-Life Stress in Depressed Patients and Healthy Control Subjects,” Neuropsychopharmacology 29 (2004): 777; T. Rinne et al., “Hyperresponsiveness of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis to Combined Dexamethasone / Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Challenge in Female Borderline Personality Disorder Subjects with a History of Sustained Childhood Abuse,” BP 52 (2002): 1102; P. McGowan et al., “Epigenetic Regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Human Brain Associates with Childhood Abuse,” Nat Nsci 12 (2009): 342; M. Toth et al., “Post-weaning Social Isolation Induces Abnormal Forms of Aggression in Conjunction with Increased Glucocorticoid and Autonomic Stress Responses,” Horm Behav 60 (2011): 28.

S. Lupien et al., “Effects of Stress Throughout the Lifespan on the Brain, Behaviour and Cognition,” Nat Rev Nsci 10 (2009): 434; V. Carrion et al., “Stress Predicts Brain Changes in Children: A Pilot Longitudinal Study on Youth Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Hippocampus,” Pediatrics 119 (2007): 509; F. L. Woon and D. W. Hedges, “Hippocampal and Amygdala Volumes in Children and Adults with Childhood Maltreatment – Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-analysis,” Hippocampus 18 (2008): 729.

S. J. Lupien et al., “Effects of Stress Throughout the Lifespan on the Brain, Behaviour and Cognition,” Nat Rev Nsci 10 (2009): 434; D. Hackman et al., “Socioeconomic Status and the Brain: Mechanistic Insights from Human and Animal Research,” Nat Rev Nsci 11 (2010): 651; M. Sheridan et al., “The Impact of Social Disparity on Prefrontal Function in Childhood,” PLoS ONE 7 (2012): e35744; J. L. Hanson et al., “Structural Variations in Prefrontal Cortex Mediate the Relationship Between Early Childhood Stress and Spatial Working Memory,” J Nsci 32 (2012): 7917; M. Sweitzer et al., “Polymorphic Variation in the Dopamine D4 Receptor Predicts Delay Discounting as a Function of Childhood Socioeconomic Status: Evidence for Differential Susceptibility,” SCAN 8 (2013): 499; E. Tucker-Drob et al., “Emergence of a Gene X Socioeconomic Status Interaction on Infant Mental Ability Between 10 Months and 2 Years,” Psych Sci 22 (2011): 125; I. Liberzon et al., “Childhood Poverty Alters Emotional Regulation in Adulthood,” SCAN 10 (2015): 1596; K. G. Noble et al., “Family Income, Parental Education and Brain Structure in Children and Adolescents,” Nat Nsci 18 (2015): 773.

К сноске: R. Nevin, “Understanding International Crime Trends: The Legacy of Preschool Lead Exposure,” Environmental Res 104 (2007): 315.