А. Роджер Экерч - На исходе дня. История ночи

8. OED, s.v. "curfew"; Raphael Holinshed, Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, ed. Charles Lethbridge (1807; rpt. edn., New York, 1965), II, 9.

9. Toulin Smith, ed., English Gilds: The Original Ordinances of More than One Hundred Early English Gilds… (1870; rpt. edn., London, 1963), 194; Falkus, "Lighting," 249—

251; William M. Bowsky, "The Medieval Commune and Internal Violence: Police Power and Public Safety in Siena, 1287–1355," AHR 73 (1967), 6; A Voisin, "Notes sur la Vie Urbaine au XV Siècle: Dijon la Nuit," Annales de Bourgogne 9 (1937), 267.

10. Matthiessen, Natten, 21–22; Gerald Strauss, Nuremberg in the Sixteenth Century: City Politics and Life Between Middle Ages and Modem Times (Bloomington, Ind., 1976), 190–191; J. R. Hale, "Violence in the Late Middle Ages: A Background," in Lauro Martines, ed., Violence and Civil Disorder in Italian Cities, 1200–1500 (Berkeley, Calif., 1972), 23; Verdon, Night, 81; Journal of Sir John Finch, 1675–1682, Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report on the Manuscripts of Allan Finch, Esq… (London, 1913), 1,69.

11. Paul Griffiths, "Meanings of Nightwalking in Early Modem England," Seventeenth Century 13 (1998), 224–225; The Lawes of the Market (1595; rpt. edn., Amsterdam, 1974); Falkus, "Lighting," 250–251, passim.

12. W. O. Hassall, comp., How They Lived: An Anthology of Original Accounts Written Before 1485 (Oxford, 1962), 207; Griffiths "Nightwalking," 218, passim; Marjorie Keniston McIntosh, Controlling Misbehavior in England, 1370–1600 (Cambridge, 1998), 66–67; Bronislaw Geremek, The Margins of Society in Late Medieval Paris, trans. Jean Birrell (Cambridge, 1987), 126, 217; Moryson, Itinerary, I, 196; Walker, "Genève," 75; T. Platter, Journal, 204; Christopher Black, Early Modem Italy: A Social History (London, 2001), 102.

13. Benjamin Ravid, "The Venetian Government and the Jews," in Robert C. Davis and Benjamin Ravid, eds., The Jews of Early Modern Venice (Baltimore, 2001), 8, 21; Orest and Patricia Ranum, comps., The Century of Louis XIV (New York, 1972), 168; Black, Early Modern Italy, 154–156; R. I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society Power and Deviance in Western Europe, 950—1250 (Oxford, 1987), 87.

14. Dekker, Lanthome and Candle-Light (London, 1608); Kathryn Norberg, Rich and Poor in Grenoble, 1600–1814 (Berkeley, Calif., 1985), 44; Griffiths, "Nightwalking," passim; Robert B. Shoemaker, Prosecution and Punishment: Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c. 1660–1725 (Cambridge, 1991), 179–181; Luigi Cajan and Silva Saba, "La Notte Devota: Luci e Ombre Delle Quarantore," in Mario Sbriccoli, ed., La Notte. Ordine, Sicurezza e Disciplinamento in Età Moderna (Florence, 1991), 74.

15. 13 Edward I c. 4; Sir Andrew Balfour, Letters Written to a Friend (Edinburgh, 1700), 86; Bartholomäus Sastrow et al., Social Germany in Luther’s Time: Being the Memoirs of Bartholomew Sastrow, trans. H. A. L Fisher (Westminster, Eng., 1902), 172; Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 405, 163; Ruth Pike, "Crime and Punishment in Sixteenth-Century Spain," Journal of European Economic History 5 (1976), 695; Andrew Trout, City on the Seine: Paris in the Time of Richelieu and Louis XIV (New York, 19 %), 173–174, 217.

16. A. R. Myers, ed., English Historical Documents, 1327–1485 (London, 1969), 1073; David Chambers and Trevor Dean, Clean Hands and Rough Justice: An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1997), 100; Elisabeth Pavan, "Recherches sur la Nuit Vénitienne à la Fin du Moyen Age, " Journal of Medieval History 7 (1981), 354–355.

17. Verdon, Night, 75; Pavan, "Nuit Vénitienne," 353.

18. E. S. De Beer, "The Early History of London Street-Lighting," History 25 (1941), 311–324; Falkus, "Lighting," 251–254; O'Dea, Lighting, 94; Paul Zumthor, Daily Life in Rembrandt's Holland (New York, 1963), 20.

19. Angelo Raine, ed., York Civic Records (Wakefield, Eng., 1942), III, 110; Falkus, "Lighting," 251–254; J. H. Thomas, Town Government in the Sixteenth Century… (London, [1933]), 56–57; Carl Bridenbaugh, Vexed and Troubled Englishmen, 1590–1642 (New York, 1967), 153–154.

20. Charles Knight, London (London, 1841), I, 104; De Beer, "London Street-Lighting," 311–324; Matthiessen, Natten, 26.

21. Jean Shirley, trans., A Parisian Journal, 1405–1449 (Oxford, 1968), 51; Thoresby, Diary, 1,190; Matthiessen, Natten, 24,118; David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells: National Memory and the Protestant Calendar in Elizabethan and Stuart England (London, 1989), 74; Bargellini, "Vita Notturna," 79.

22. James S. Amelang, ed., A Journal of the Plague Year: The Diary of the Barcelona Tanner Miquel Parets, 1651 (New York, 1991), 86; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 746; Lord Herbert, ed., Henry, Elizabeth and George (1738–1780): Letters and Diaires of Henry, Tenth Earl of Pembroke and His Circle (London, 1939), 371; Luca Landucci, ed., A Florentine Diary from 1450 to 1516, trans. Alice De Rosen Jervis (London, 1927), 161, 29; May 29,1666, Pepys, Diary, VII, 136; Cressy, Bonfires and Bells, 85–92.

23. A. W. Verity, ed., Milton's Samson Agonistes (Cambridge, 1966), 7; Phillip Stubbes, Anatomy of the Abuses in England…, ed. Frederick J. Fumivall (London, 1877), I, 342; Dec. 6, 1764, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell on the Grand Tour: Germany and Switzerland, 1764 (New York, 1953), 243; Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400–1580 (New Haven, 1992), 407,419. См. также: Moryson, Itinerary, 1, 167,235,310.

24. Schindler, Rebellion, 196; Remarks 1717, 69; John McManners, Church and Society in Eighteenth-Century France (Oxford, 1999), II, 219.

25. John Ray, Observations Topographical, Moral & Physiological… (London, 1673), 317; Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 448; J. W. Goethe, Italian Journey, 1786–1788 (New York, 1968), 344; Schindler, Rebellion, 195–201; Roche, Consumption, 116–118.

26. Apr. 16,1708, Cowper, Diary; Stewart E. Fraser, ed., Ludwig Holberg's Memoirs… (Leiden, 1970), 115; "Decription of the City of Rome," Town and Country Magazine 24 (1792), 260; Henry Swinburne, Travels in the Two Sicilies… (London, 1783), II, 72–73; Cohens, Italy, 156–157; Sara T. Nalle, God in La Mancha: Religious Reform and the People of Cuenca, 1500–1650 (Baltimore, 1992), 154–156.

27. J. M. Beattie, Policing in London, 1660–1750: Urban Crime and the Limits of Terror (Oxford, 2001), 172; Edward MacLysaght, Irish Life in the Seventeenth Century (New York, 1969), 197; Eugène Defrance, Histoire de l’Éclairage des Rues de Paris (Paris, 1904), 36; Falkus, "Lighting," 254–264; Lettie S. Multhauf, "The Light of Lamp-Lanterns: Street Lighting in 17th-Century Amsterdam," Technology and Culture 26 (1985), 236–252; Ruff, Violence, 3; Cohens, Italy, 116–117; Jonathan Irvine Israel, The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477–1806 (New York, 1995), 681–682; Voisin, "Dijon la Nuit," 278.

28. J. P. Marana, Lettre Sicilienne (1700; rpt. edn., Paris, 1883), 50–51; Martin Lister, A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698, ed. Raymond Phineas Steams (Urbana, Ш., 1967), 25; John Beckman, A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, trans. William Johnston (London, 1846), 180–182; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 748–752; Defrance, Histoire de l'Éclairage, 35–38; Leon Bernard, The Emerging City: Paris in the Age of Louis XIV (Durham, N. С., 1970), 162–166; Falkus, "Lighting," 254–260; Peter Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660–1770 (Oxford, 1989), 72–74.

29. S/C, Oct. 25,1783; De Beer, "Street-Lighting," 317–320; Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 180; Matthiessen, Natten, 26.

30. John Scott, A Visit to Paris in 1814… (London, 1815), 40; Defrance, Histoire de l’Éclairage, 47; G. E. Rodmell, ed., "An Englishman's Impressions of France in 1775," Durham University Journal (1967), 78. См. также: Maurice Délibéré and Paulette Délibéré, Préhistoire et Histoire de la Lumière (Paris, 1979), 117.

31. Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 759; Corinne Walker, "Du Plaisir à la Nécessité: l'Apparition de la Lumière dans les Rues de Genève à la Fin du XVHIe Siècle," in François Walter, ed., Vivre et Imaginer la Ville XVllle — XIXe Siècles (Geneva, 1988), 107; Henry Hibbert, Syntagma Theologcum… (London, 1662), 31; Beattie, Policing, 170.

32. Smollett, Humphry Clinker… (New York, 1983), 113.

33. R. G. Bury, trans., Plato in Twelve Volumes (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), XI, 69; Crusius, Node, ch. 5.5.

34. 13 Edward I c. 4; Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 188; Joachim Schlör, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, trans. Pierre Gottfried Imhof and Dafydd Rees Roberts (London, 1998), 73.

35. Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 365–366; Clare Williams, ed., Thomas Platter's Travels in England, 1599 (London, 1937), 174; Raine, ed., York Civic Records, V, 102; Bowsky, "Medieval Commune," 9—10; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 67.

36. Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625–1742 (Oxford, 1971), 64–67.

37. Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 189; Schlör, Nights in the Big City, trans. Imhof and Roberts, 74; Duke of Ormond, "Whereas by the good and wholsome lawes of this realm… night-watches should be kept…" (Dublin, 1677); Ruff, Violence, 92; M. De La Lande, Voyage en Italie… (Paris, 1786), 154.

38. Memoirs of François-René Vicomte de Chateaubriand, trans. Alexander Teixera de Mattos (New York, 1902), IV, 27; William Young, The History of Dulwich College… with a Life of the Founder, Edward Alleyn, and an Accurate Transcript of His Diary, 1617–1622 (London, 1889), II, 356; A.F.J. Brown, Essex People, 1750–1900 (Chelmsford, Eng., 1972), 40; Robert C. Davis, Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Preindustrial City (Baltimore, 1991), 157.

39. Mr. Ozell, trans., M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in His Travels over England (London, 1719), 358–359; Beattie, Policing, 169–197; Williams, Police of Paris, 67; e-mail of Nov. 16, 2003, from Paul Griffiths; Frank McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England (London, 1989).

40. NHCR 1,33; Beattie, Policing, 181; Matthiessen, Natten, 52; Thomas Forester, ed., Norway and Its Scenery… the journal of a Tour by Edward Price… (London, 1853), 181–182; Pinkerton, Travels, I, 265; John Carr, A Northern Summer or Travels Round the Baltic… (Hartford, Ct., 1806), 129; An Accurate Description of the United Netherlands… (London, 1691), 65; Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness, 64–67.