А. Роджер Экерч - На исходе дня. История ночи

52. Everett Emerson, ed., Letters from New England: The Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1629–1638 (Amherst, Mass., 1976), 36; Thomas Coulson, "The Story of Domestic Lighting," Journal of the Franklin Institute 256 (1953), 207–208; Caspall, Fire and Light, 262.

53. Tilley, Proverbs in England, 144; June 6, 1712, Louis B. Wright and Marion Tinling, eds., The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, 1709–1712 (Richmond, 1941), 540.

54. Gamert, Lampan, 104–105, 278–279; Magnus Gislason, Kvällsvaka: En Isländsk Kulturtradition Belyst Genom Studier i Bondebefolkningens Vardagsliv… (Uppsala, 1977), 144,149; Jonathan Swift, Directions to Servants: and Miscellaneous Pieces, 1733–1742, ed. Herbert John Davis (Oxford, 1959), 20.

55. George Washington Greene, ed., The Works of Joseph Addison (Philadelphia, 1883), I, 314; O'Dea, Lighting, 2; Domestic Management… (London, n. d), 22,48.

56. J. J. Evans, ed., Welsh Proverbs: A Selection, with English Translations (Llandysul, Wales, 1965), 31; Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile: or On Education, trans. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), 133; Craufurd Tait Ramage, Ramage in South Italy…, ed. Edith Clay (London, 1965), 150; Gamert, Lampan, 76–77; Robert Cleaver, A Godly Forme of Houshold Government (London, 1621); Tour of Sotterley Plantation, Md., Oct. 11,1992.

57. Alice Morse Earle, Customs and Fashions in Old New England (1893; rpt. edn., Detroit, 1968), 127; Henry Davidoff, World Treasury of Proverbs… (New York, 1946), 81; UM, May, 1751, 220; Peter Thornton, The Italian Renaissance Interior, 1400–1600 (New York, 1991), 276; Moryson, Itinerary, TV, 201–202.

58. Cotgrave, Dictionarie.

59. Ruff, Violence, 76; Rétif de la Brétonne, My Father's Life, trans. Richard Veasey (Gloucestet, Eng., 1986), 6; Rudolf Dekker, Childhood, Memory and Autobiography in Holland: From the Golden Age to Romanticism (New York, 2000), 33.

60. Apr. 30,1645, Josselin, Diary, 39; May 18,1668, Pepys, Diary, IX, 204.

61. James Gregory, Nov. 26, 1773, Assi 45/31/2; Sept. 6,11,1794, June 6,1795, Drinker, Diary, 1,590,592,689; Dec. 2,1766 and Feb. 8,1767, Cole, Diary, 161,184.

62. Vittore Branca, ed., Mercanti Scrittori: Ricordi Nella Firenze Tra Medioevo e Rinascimento (Milan, 1986), 379; Mar. 31, 1771, Carter, Diary, I, 554–555; Dec. 15, 1780, Apr. 14, 1781, Apr. 13,1785, Dec. 28,1794, Mar. 14,17,1795, Woodforde, Diary, l, 298,307, II, 184, IV, 163,182,183.

63. Pinkerton, Travels, II, 94; May 20,1786, Diary of Dr. Samuel Adams, 1758–1819, New York Public Library, and passim; June 7,1745, Kay, Diary, 97, and passim.

64. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, "Martha Ballard and Her Girls: Women's Work in Eighteenth-Century Maine," in Stephen Innés, ed., Work and Labor in Early America (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1988), 70; D. B. Horn and Mary Ransome, eds., English Historical Documents, 1714–1783 (New York, 1957), 671–672; Apr. 10, 1785, Oct. 1, 1804, "Mrs. Ballard's Diary," in Charles E. Nash, The History of Augusta, Maine (Augusta, Maine, 1904), 237,421, and passim; PL, Oct. 22,1765; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785–1812 (New York, 1990), 203; Anthony F. Aveni, Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures (New York, 1989), 35.

65. Apr. 1,1657, Josselin, Diary, 395; Apr. 14,1768, Woodforde, Diary, 1,74.

66. Abel Boyer, Dictionaire Royal… (Amsterdam, 1719); Marvin Lowenthal, trans., The Memoirs of Glückei of Hameln (n.p., 1932), 120; Frank D. Prager, ed., The Autobiography of John Fitch (Philadelphia, 1976), 41; Mary J. Dobson, Contours of Death and Disease in Early Modern England (New York, 1997), 274–276.

67. Paroimiographia (English), 8; Apr. 6,1669, East Anglian Diaries, 119; Benjamin Franklin, Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (New York, 1987), 221; Thoresby, Diary, 1,7.

68. Smith, De Republica Anglorum, ed. Mary Dewar (Cambridge, 1982), 107; OBP, passim; Brettone, Father's Life, trans. Veasey, 119; Henry Brisker, Apr. 9, 1766, Assi 45/28/2/124; Elizabeth S. Cohen, "Honor and Gender in the Streets of Early Modem Rome," J1H 22 (1992), 614.

69. Dec. 13, 1672, Isham, Diary, 175; Henry Preston, Assi 45/14/1/135; OBP, Apr. 24–27, 1745,137.

70. OBP, May 10,1722,7; Select Trials, 1,305.

71. ECR, VIII, 101; OBP, Oct. 16–21,1728, Apr. 15,1724,4–5, Apr. 8-14,1752,131.

72. Jean-Louis Flandrin, Families in Former Times: Kinship, Household and Sexuality, trans. Richard Southern (Cambridge, 1979), 44; Oct. 5,1725, Sanderson, Diary, 80–81; OBP, Jan. 16–18, 1745, 62–63; Samuel H. Baron, ed. and trans., The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-Century Russia (Stanford, Calif, 1967), 150. См. также: A. Voisin, "Notes sur la Vie Urbaine au XV Siècle: Dijon la Nuit," Annales de Bourgogne 9 (1937), 276.

73. Bonaventure Des Périers, Cymbalum Mundi: Four Very Ancient Joyous and Facetious Poetic Dialogues (New York, 1965), 66. См. также: OBP, May 2–5, 1739, 86; Select Trials, III, 336; The Authentick Tryals at large of John Swan and Elizabeth Jeffryes… (London, 1752), 10,11.

Глава пятая

1. Devenant, The Platonick Lovers (London, 1636).

2. Aug. 28, 1624, Beck, Diary, 159–160; Nov. 27, 1683, Heywood, Diaries, II, 341; Sandford Fleming, Children & Puritanism (New York, 1969), 148.

3. Suzanne Chantal, La Vie Quotidienne au Portugal après le Tremblement de Terre de Lisbonne de 1755 (Paris, 1962), 245.

4. Dec. 24, 1647, Yorkshire Diaries & Autobiographies in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Durham, Eng., 1886), 81–82; Jan. 5,1763, Frederick A. Pottle, ed., Boswell's London Journal, 1762–1763 (New York, 1950), 125; Aug. 7—31, 1732, Clegg, Diary, 1, 151–152.

5. Samuel Briggs, The Essays, Humor, and Poems of Nathaniel Ames, Father and Son, of Dedham, Massachusetts, from Their Almanacks, 1726–1775 (Cleveland, 1891), 67; May 21,1707, Cowper, Diary; Robert W. Malcolmson, Life and Labour in England, 1700–1780 (New York, 1981), 95–96; Burke, Popular Culture, Robert Muchembled, Popular Culture and Elite Culture in France, 1400–1750, trans. Lydia Cochrane (Baton Rouge, 1985), 1-107.

6. Rousseau, Emile: or On Education, trans. Allan Bloom (New York, 1979), 63.

7. Bacon, Essays (Oxford, 1930), 3; Le Loyer, Specters, fo. 105; Lucretius, On the Nature of Things: De Rerum Natura, ed. and trans. Anthony M. Esolen (Baltimore, 1995), 93; Leon Battista Alberti, The Family in Renaissance Florence, trans. Renée Neu Watkins (Columbia, S. C, 1969), 63.

8. Bacon, Essays, 3; Scott, Witchcraft, 139; Herman W. Roodenburg, "The Autobiography of Isabella de Moerloose: Sex, Childrearing, and Popular Belief in Seventeenth Century Holland," JSH 18 (1985), 522, 521, 523–524; Rudolf Dekker, Childhood, Memory and Autobiography in Holland: From the Golden Age to Romanticism (New York, 2000), 28, 81–84; Mark Motley, Becoming a French Aristocrat: The Education of the Court Nobility, 1580–1715 (Princeton, N. J., 1990), 48–49.

9. H. C. Barnard, trans., Fénelon on Education (Cambridge, 1966), 8; Pinkerton, Travels, II, 757; Timothy J. Casey, ed., Jean Paul: A Reader, trans. Erika Casey (Baltimore, 1992), 339; Olwen Hufton, "Women, Work, and Family," in HWW Ш, 40; Linda A. Pollock, "Parent-Child Relations," in FLEMT, 197.

10. Thomas Bewick, A Memoir of Thomas Bewick, ed. Iain Bain (London, 1975), 16.

11. Dialogues on the Passions, Habits, and Affections Peculiar to Children… (London, 1748), 40; William Hazlitt and Abridge Colby, eds., The Life of Thomas Holcroft (New York, 1968), 1, 14–15. См. также: Hibernicus; or Memoirs of an Irishman… (Pittsburgh, 1828).

12. Rousseau, Emile, trans. Bloom, 137; Mollie Harris, A Kind of Magic (London, 1969), 104–105; Restif de la Bretonne, Monsieur Nicolas; or, the Human Heart Laid Bare (London, 1966), 29; Autobiography of John Younger, Shoemaker, St. Boswells (Kelso, Eng., 1881), 45; Mrs. Laura M., Oct. 7,14,1938, "Game Songs and Rhymes," American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1940, Manuscripts Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; Percy B. Green, A History of Nursery Rhymes (1899; rpt. edn., Detroit, 1968), 78–80.

13. Thomas Balston, The Life of Jonathan Martin… (London, 1945), 3. См. также, например: Joseph Bougerel, Vie de Pierre Gassendi… (1737; rpt. edn., Geneva, 1970), 3.

14. Tornano, Proverbi, 171.

15. Mar. 7, 1787, Diary of Dr. Samuel Adams, Diary, 1758–1819, New York Public Library; Jan. 4,1705, Cowper, Diary.

16. Griffiths, Youth, 135; Robert Morgan, My Lamp Still Burns (Llandysul, Wales, 1981), 64; Bräker, Life, 57–58, 63, 67; Ménétra, Journal, 24; Valentin Jamerey-Duval, Mémoires: Enfance et Éducation d'un Paysan au XVIIIe Siècle, ed. Jean Marie Goulemot (Paris, 1981), 114; Pounds, Culture, 273–274,409.

17. Joachim Shlôr, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, trans. Pierre Gottfried Imhof and Dafydd Rees Roberts (London, 1998), 57; Alberti, Family in Renaissance Florence, trans. Watkins, 107.

18. PG, Feb. 11, 1789.

19. OED, s.v. "cat's eye"; T. Row, "Hints for Constructing Glasses to Shew Objects in the Night," GM, 1777, 59; Lorus Johnson Milne and Margery Joan Milne, The World of Night (New York, 1956), 8–9; Faber Birren, The Power of Color… (Secaucus, N.J., 1997), 228–229. См. также: С. E. Roybet, ed., Les Serées de Guillaume Bouchet Sieur de Brocourt (Paris, 1874), Ш, 238–239.

20. John Caspall, Making Fire and Light in the Home Pre-1820 (Woodbridge, Eng., 1987), 223–227; O'Dea, Lighting , 70–76.

21. Nov. 15, 1729, Sanderson, Diary, 30; OBP, Apr. 4, 1733, 119; Thomas Wright, The Homes of Other Days: A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England… (New York, 1871), 460.

22. Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of the Underworld… (New York, 1950), 448; Eugène Defrance, Histoire de TÉlclairage des Rues de Paris (Paris, 1904), 30–33; Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York, 1989), 166; Jeremy D. Popkin, ed., Panorama of Paris: Selections from Le Tableau de Paris, Louis-Sébastien Mercier (University Park, Pa., 1999), 132.

23. Defoe, Second Thoughts Are Best… (London, 1729), 15; G. C. Faber, ed., The Poetical Works of John Gay… (London, 1926), 81; Popkin, ed., Panorama of Paris, 132; The Novels and Miscellaneous Works of Daniel Defoe (London, 1885), 515.

24. OBP, Oct. 4,1719,5.

25. Donald E. Crawford, ed., Journals of Sir John Lauder (Edinburgh, 1900), 120; Harry Ross-Lewin, With "The Thirty-Second " in the Peninsular and other Campaigns, ed. John Wardell (Dublin, 1904), 146.