Ульрих Бозер - Как научиться учиться [Навыки осознанного усвоения знаний]

23. Более подробно об эффекте генерирования и запоминании слов типа «maison»: Patricia Ann DeWinstanley and Elizabeth L. Bjork, «Processing Strategies and the Generation Effect: Implications for Making a Better Reader», Memory and Cognition 32, no. 6 (2004): 945–955.

24. Jamie L. Jensen et al., «Teaching to the Test… or Testing to Teach: Exams Requiring Higher Order Thinking Skills Encourage Greater Conceptual Understanding», Educational Psychology Review 26, no. 2 (2014): 307–329, и Luke G. Eglington and Sean H. K. Kang, «Retrieval Practice Benefits Deductive Inference», Educational Psychology Review (2016): 1–14.

25. Ulrich Boser, «Don't Hate Tests», US News & World Report , September 23, 2015, http://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/09/23/testing-plays-a-key-role-in-education-accountability(дата обращения: 15.09.2016), и здесь я частично воспользовался собственным материалом.

26. Perri Klass M.D, «Why Handwriting Is Still Essential in the Keyboard Age», New York Times , June 20, 2016.

27. Идею о том, что студенты должны «усердно размышлять о мастерстве», я взял из предисловия Дилана Уильяма к: Daisy Christodoulou, Seven Myths about Education (London: Taylor & Francis, 2013).

28. Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow and Chris Ricketts, «Language Attrition: Measuring How 'Wobbly' People Become in their L1 [First Language]», (Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, 2010): 41–46. Также хороший источник: «Language Attrition», Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_attrition&oldid=737109836.

29. K. Grob et al., «A Newly Discovered Muscle: The Tensor of the Vastus Intermedius», Clinical Anatomy 29, no. 2 (2016): 256–263. Также в написании этого раздела я использовал: Ellen J. Langer, The Power of Mindful Learning (Reading, MA: Perseus Books, 1990), откуда взята цитата об исследовании «осмысленности».

30. Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America's Schools , reprint edition (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012). Нужно отметить, что я сам выполнял некоторую работу для Фонда Гейтсов и часть моей работы в Центре за американский прогресс была финансирована этим фондом.

31. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, «Ensuring Fair and Reliable Measures of Effective Teaching: Culminating Findings from the MET Project's Three-Year Study. Policy and Practice Brief. MET Project», ERIC ( January 2013), http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED540958(дата обращения: 18.09.2016).

32. Joe Nocera, «Gates Puts the Focus on Teaching», New York Times , May 21, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/22/opinion/nocera-gates-puts-the-focus-on-teaching.html(дата обращения: 18.09.2016).

Berg, Justin M., Jane E. Dutton, and Amy Wrzesniewski. «What Is Job Crafting and Why Does It Matter?» Center for Positive Organizational Scholarship, Michigan Ross School of Business (2008).

Bransford, John D., and Daniel L. Schwartz. «Rethinking Transfer: A Simple Proposal with Multiple Implications.» Review of Research in Education 24, no. 1 (1999): 61–100.

Chi, Michelene T. H. «Active-Constructive-Interactive: A Conceptual Framework for Differentiating Learning Activities.» Topics in Cognitive Science 1, no. 1 (January 2009): 73–105.

Ferguson, Ronald F., with Charlotte Danielson. «How Framework for Teaching and Tripod 7Cs Evidence Distinguish Key Components of Effective Teaching.» Designing Teacher Evaluation Systems: New Guidance from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project, eds. Thomas J. Kane, Kerri A. Kerr, and Robert C. Pianta. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass, 2014.

Freeman, Scott, et al. «Active Learning Increases Student Performance in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics.» Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 23 (2014): 8410–8415.

Haskell, Robert E. Transfer of Learning, Volume: Cognition and Instruction . 1st ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000.

Hyde, Thomas S., and James J. Jenkins. «Differential Effects of Incidental Tasks on the Organization of Recall of a List of Highly Associated Words.» Journal of Experimental Psychology 82, no. 3 (1969): 472.

Panksepp, Jaak. «Affective Neuroscience of the Emotional Brain Mind: Evolutionary Perspectives and Implications for Understanding Depression.» Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 12, no. 4 (2010): 533–545.

Ross School of Business. «Job Crafting Exercise.» Center for Positive Organizations. http://positiveorgs.bus.umich.edu/cpo-tools/job-crafting-exercise/(дата обращения: 14.09.2016).

Singley, Mark K., and John Robert Anderson. The Transfer of Cognitive Skill. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

1. Подробности о переменах в школе Диллона взяты из: «Success Stories: Nothing Less Than the Best! » Success for All Foundation (2015), http://www.successforall.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/SFA_SuccessStories_Dillon.pdf(дата обращения: 29.09.2016). Также полезная информация содержится в: Alan Richard, «What's Happened in the Rural School District Obama Fought to Save», PBS NewsHour , http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/rural-school-district-obama-fought-save/(дата обращения: 06.10.2016).

2. Jack Kuenzie, «Obama Visits School in SC 'Corridor of Shame,'» WISTV, http://www.wistv.com/story/6975244/obama-visits-school-in-sc-corridor-of-shame(дата обращения: 11.12.2016).

3. О результатах программы «Успех для всех» см.: Nick Lemann, «Schoolwork», New Yorker (2010), и WWC Intervention Report, «Beginning Reading: Success for All», Institute of Educational Sciences (August 2009), http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/EvidenceSnapshot/496(дата обращения: 14.09.2016).

4. Paul Kloosterman, «Learning to Learn in Practice in Nonformal Education», Learning to Learn: International Perspectives from Theory and Practice (2014): 271.

5. Dorothy V. Thomas, «Longtime City Teacher», Baltimoresun.com, http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/obituaries/bs-md-ob-dorothy-thomas-20140616-story.html(дата обращения: 08.04.2015).

6. John Sweller, «Story of a Research Program», Education Review: A Multi-Lingual Journal of Book Reviews 23 (2016). Подробности о взаимодействии онлайн-инструкций с фоновой музыкой взяты из: Ruth C. Clark, Building Expertise: Cognitive Methods for Training and Performance Improvement, 3rd ed., Kindle edition (location 1414), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, Pfeiffer, 2008.

7. Daniel T. Willingham, Why Don't Students Like School? A Cognitive Scientist Answers Questions about How the Mind Works and What It Means for the Classroom , Kindle edition (location 235), San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2009.

8. Daniel T. Willingham, «How Knowledge Helps: It Speeds and Strengthens Reading Comprehension, Learning, and Thinking», American Educator 30, no. 1 (2006): 30. Также см.: Daisy Christodoulou, Seven Myths about Education (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2014).

9. Hemant S. Betrabet, Otmar H. Boser, Robert H. Kane, Susan McGee, and Thomas Caulfield, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Dispersion Strengthened Lead-Tin Alloy Solder, November 19, 1991, US5066544 A.

10. Jeffrey M. Zacks and Rebecca Treiman, «Sorry, You Can't Speed Read», New York Times , April 15, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/17/opinion/sunday/sorry-you-cant-speed-read.html(дата обращения: 30.09.2016). Также я благодарю Роберта Пондичио за мнение о чтении и знаниях.

11. Nate Kornell and Janet Metcalfe, «Study Efficacy and the Region of Proximal Learning Framework», Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 32, no. 3 (2006): 609–622. Также см.: Janet Metcalfe, «Desirable Difficulties and Studying in the Region of Proximal Learning», Successful Remembering and Successful Forgetting: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert A. Bjork , ed. Aaron S. Benjamin (New York: Psychology Press, Francis & Taylor Group, 2011). Также см. сайт Меткаф: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/psychology/metcalfe/RPL.html(дата обращения: 12.11.2016).

12. Bror Saxberg, «TEDxSF — Demystifying the Human Mind», YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEaQRzmV-xI(дата обращения: 12.11.2016). Также см.: Frederick M. Hess and Bror Saxberg, Breakthrough Leadership in the Digital Age: Using Learning Science to Reboot Schooling (Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2013).

13. Larry Rudman, John Sweller, and David Niemi, «Using Cognitive Load Theory for Improving Logical Reasoning for the LSAT», доклад на конференции Американской ассоциации исследований в области образования, апрель 2013.

14. «A Man of Letters», US News & World Report 135, no. 6 (2016).

15. Более подробно о Кларке и когнитивном анализе заданий: Richard E. Clark, D. Feldon, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, Kenneth Yates, and Sean Early, «Cognitive Task Analysis», Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology 3 (2008): 577–593.

16. Robert J. Marzano, The Art and Science of Teaching: A Comprehensive Framework for Effective Instruction , 1st ed. (Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development, 2007), и Natalie Hardwick, «How to Cook the Perfect Steak», BBC Good Food , http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-cook-perfect-steak(дата обращения: 14.09.2016).

17. John D. Bransford and Marcia Johnson, «Contextual Prerequisites for Understanding: Some Investigations of Comprehension and Recall», Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11 (1972): 717–726.

18. Также в этом разделе я использовал: Kimberly D. Tanner, «Promoting Student Metacognition», CBE Life Sciences Education 11, no. 2 (2012): 113–120, doi:10.1187/cbe.12-03-0033, и J. Girash, «Metacognition and Instruction», Applying the Science of Learning in Education: Infusing Psychological Science into the Curriculum, eds. Victor A. Benassi, C. E. Overson, and C. M. Hakala, 152–68 (Washington, DC: Society for the Teaching of Psychology, 2014), http://teachpsych.org/ebooks/asle2014/index.php.