Скотт Янг - Суперобучение [Система освоения любых навыков — от изучения языков до построения карьеры]

Дополнительная информация о проекте, например списки курсов, используемые материалы и сканы моих экзаменационных работ, доступны на странице: www.scotthyoung.com/blog/mit-challenge/. Прим. авт.

Больше узнать о нашем проекте (в том числе посмотреть видео, которые мы записали, демонстрируя наш языковый прогресс в каждой стране), увидеть, чему мы научились, а также прослушать неподготовленные интервью, показывающие примерный уровень, которого мы достигли в каждом языке, можно на странице проекта: www.scotthyoung.com/blog/the-year-without-english/. Прим. авт.

Бетти Э. Откройте в себе художника. Минск: Попурри, 2012. Прим. ред.

Я загрузил каждый рисунок, эскиз и автопортрет, которые сделал, а также более подробное обсуждение того, что я использовал, на главную страницу проекта: www.scotthyoung.com/blog/myprojects/portrait-challenge/. Прим. авт.

Goethe-Institut. https://www.goethe.de/en/spr/kup/prf/prf/gc2/inf.html.

Thanh Huynh. Roger Craig — Knowledge Tracking, август 2011 года, YouTube, 14:20. Размещено в ноябре 2011 года. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmld3pcKYYA&t=1s.

«How One Man Played ‘Moneyball’ with ‘Jeopardy!’» National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2011/11/20/142569472/how-one-man-played-moneyball-with-jeopardy.

Gary Wolf. «Want to Remember Everything You’ll Ever Learn? Surrender to This Algorithm.» Wired, April 20, 2008. https://www.wired.com/2008/04/ff-wozniak/?currentPage=all.

Huynh. Roger Craig — Knowledge Tracking.

Patrick Hancock. «Review: Stardew Valley». Destructoid, March 7, 2016. https://www.destructoid.com/review-stardew-valley-345495.phtml.

«College Too Expensive? This Guy Just Finished a Four Year Computer Science Program in ONE Year Using Free MIT Material» (video). Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/10tk9j/college_too_expensive_this_guy_just_finished_a/.

Steve Pavlina. «Graduating College in 3 Semesters». December 4, 2005. https://www.stevepavlina.com/blog/2005/12/graduating-college-in-3-semesters/.

Diana Jaunzeikare. «Personal PhD.» https://diana.is/personal-phd.

Tamu. «Independent Chinese Study: Review». Chinese-forums.com. https://www.chinese-forums.com/forums/topic/43939-independent-chinese-study-review/.

Trent Fowler. The STEMpunk Project (self-published, 2017).

Tyler Cowen. Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation. New York: Penguin, 2013.

David H. Autor, Lawrence F. Katz, Melissa S. Kearney. «The Polarization of the U. S. Labor Market». American Economic Review 96, № 2 (May 2006): 189–194.

Danielle Douglas-Gabriel. «College Costs Rising Faster than Financial Aid, Report Says». Washington Post, October 26, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/10/26/college-costs-rising-faster-than-financial-aid-report-says/?utm_term=.72c95b4c86cb.

Gareth Cook. «The Singular Mind of Terry Tao». New York Times, July 24, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/magazine/the-singular-mind-of-terry-tao.html.

Linguistic Society of America. «‘Monolingual Fieldwork Demonstration’ — Daniel Everett». YouTube video, июль 2013 года, 1:16:27, размещено в сентябре 2013 года. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpWp7g7XWU.

Jacqueline Thomas. «The Role Played by Metalinguistic Awareness in Second and Third Language Learning». Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 9, № 3 (1988): 235–246. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01434632.1988.9994334.

Не думайте, что я называю учебные заведения бесполезными. Важно определить, какую роль они играют для вас, будь то работа, которую вы хотите получить, или предмет, который вы изучаете.

Victor Mair. «How to Learn Chinese and Japanese». Language Log, February 17, 2014. http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=10554.

George E. Spear, Donald W. Mocker. «The Organizing Circumstance: Environmental Determinants in Self-Directed Learning». Adult Education Quarterly 35, № 1 (March 1, 1984): 1–10. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0001848184035001001?journalCode=aeqb.

«Portrait Drawing — The Complete Online Course». Vitruvian Studio. https://vitruvianstudio.com/course/portrait-drawing/.

Mary Somerville. Personal Recollections, from Early Life to Old Age, of Mary Somerville: With Selections from Her Correspondence. London: Roberts Brothers, 1874, 23.

Anders Ericsson. The Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports, and Games. New York: Psychology Press, 2014, 25.

John Dunlosky, Katherine A. Rawson, Elizabeth J. Marsh, et al. «Improving Students’ Learning with Effective Learning Techniques» Psychological Science in the Public Interest 14, № 1 (January 8, 2013): 4–58. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.11771529100612453266.

Susan L. Smalley, Diana Winston. Fully Present: The Science, Art, and Practice of Mindfulness. Philadelphia: Da Capo Lifelong Books, 2010, 59.

A. E. Bursill. «The Restriction of Peripheral Vision During Exposure to Hot and Humid Conditions». Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 10, № 3 (August 1, 1958): 113–129.

Эта обратная зависимость эффективности и возбуждения известна в психологии как закон Йеркса — Додсона.

Daniel Kahneman. Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Kalina Christoff, Zachary C. Irving, Kieran C. R. Fox, et al. «Mind-Wandering as Spontaneous Thought: A Dynamic Framework». Nature Reviews Neuroscience 17, № 11 (2016): 718–731. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2016.113.

Robert T. Wilkinson. «Interaction of Noise with Knowledge of Results and Sleep Deprivation». Journal of Experimental Psychology 66, № 4 (November 1963): 332–337. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1964–03490–001.

Да, это тот же самый Воцал Джайсвал, который присоединился к моему годичному проекту изучения иностранных языков (глава 1). Описываемые события произошли несколькими годами раньше.

Robert Haskell. Transfer of Learning. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, 2000, XIII.

James F. Voss, Jeffrey Blais, Mary L. Means, Terry R. Greene, Ellen Ahwesh. «Informal Reasoning and Subject Matter Knowledge in the Solving of Economics Problems by Naive and Novice Individuals». Cognition and Instruction 3, № 3 (1986): 269–302.

Michelene T. H. Chi, Miriam Bassok. «Learning from Examples via Self-explanations». Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser (1989): 251–282.

Howard Gardner. The Unschooled Mind: How Children Think and How Schools Should Teach, Basic Books (AZ), 2011.

John H. Zenger. «Great Ideas Revisited. The Painful Turnabout in Training. A Retrospective». Training and Development 50, № 1 (1996): 48–51.

Wilbert J. McKeachie. «Cognitive Skills and Their Transfer: Discussion». International Journal of Educational Research 11, № 6 (1987): 707–712.

Robert W. Proctor, Addie Dutta. Skill Acquisition and Human Performance. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.

Benjamin Franklin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.

Walter Isaacson. Benjamin Franklin: An American Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003.

Walter Isaacson. Benjamin Franklin: An American Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003.

Robert Kanigel. The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016.

Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Janell R. Blunt. «Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping». Science 331, № 6018 (February 11, 2011): 772–775. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/331/6818/772.

Henry L. Roediger III, Jeffrey D. Karpicke. «The Power of Testing Memory: Basic Research and Implications for Educational Practice». Perspectives on Psychological Science 1, № 3 (September 1, 2006): 181–210. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745–6916.2006.00012.x?journalCode=ppsa.

Jeffrey D. Karpicke. «Metacognitive Control and Strategy Selection: Deciding to Practice Retrieval During Learning». Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 138, № 4 (2009): 469–486. http://memory.psych.purdue.edu/downloads/2009_Karpicke_JEPGeneral.pdf.

Robert A. Bjork. «Memory and Metamemory Considerations in the Training of Human Beings» / Metacognition: Knowing About Knowing, ed. J. Metcalfe, A. Shimamura. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994: 185–205.

Jeffrey D. Karpicke, Henry L. Roediger III. «Expanding Retrieval Practice Promotes Short-Term Retention, but Equally Spaced Retrieval Enhances Long-Term Retention». Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, № 4 (July 2007): 704–719. http://memory.psych.purdue.edu/downloads/2007_Karpicke_Roediger_JEPLMC.pdf.

Herbert F. Spitzer. «Studies in Retention». Journal of Educational Psychology 30, № 9 (December 1939): 641–656. https://www.gwern.net/docs/spacedrepetition/1939-spitzer.pdf.