Шошана Зубофф - Эпоха надзорного капитализма. Битва за человеческое будущее на новых рубежах власти

Peter Wells and Paul Nieuwenhuis, “Transition Failure: Understanding Continuity in the Automotive Industry,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 79, no. 9 (2012): 1681–1692.

Steven Levy, In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 172–173.

Bobbie Johnson, “Privacy No Longer a Social Norm, Says Facebook Founder,” Guardian , January 10, 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/jan/11/facebook-privacy.

См.: Charlene Li, “Close Encounter with Facebook Beacon,” Forrester, November 23, 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20071124121739/http://blogs.forrester.com/charleneli/2007/11/close-encounter.html.

Peter Linzer, “Contract as Evil,” Hastings Law Journal 66 (2015): 971; Paul M. Schwartz, “Internet Privacy and the State,” Connecticut Law Review 32 (1999): 815–859; Daniel J. Solove, “Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma,” Harvard Law Review 126, no. 7 (2013): 1880–1904.

Yannis Bakos, Florencia Marotta-Wurgler, and David R. Trossen, “Does Anyone Read the Fine Print? Consumer Attention to Standard-Form Contracts,” Journal of Legal Studies 43, no. 1 (2014): 1–35, https://doi.org/10.1086/674424; Tess Wilkinson-Ryan, “A Psychological Account of Consent to Fine Print,” Iowa Law Review 99 (2014): 1745; Thomas J. Maronick, “Do Consumers Read Terms of Service Agreements When Installing Software? A Two-Study Empirical Analysis,” International Journal of Business and Social Research 4, no. 6 (2014): 137–145; Mark A. Lemley, “Terms of Use,” Minnesota Law Review 91 (2006), https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=917926; Nili Steinfeld, “‘I Agree to the Terms and Conditions’: (How) Do Users Read Privacy Policies Online? An Eye-Tracking Experiment,” Computers in Human Behavior 55 (2016): 992–1000; Victoria C. Plaut and Robert P. Bartlett, “Blind Consent? A Social Psychological Investigation of Non-readership of Click-Through Agreements,” Law and Human Behavior , June 16, 2011, 1–23.

Ewa Luger, Stuart Moran, and Tom Rodden, “Consent for All: Revealing the Hidden Complexity of Terms and Conditions,” in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , CHI ’13 (New York: ACM, 2013), 2687–2696.

Debra Cassens Weiss, “Chief Justice Roberts Admits He Doesn’t Read the Computer Fine Print,” ABA Journal, October 20, 2010, http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/chief_justice_roberts_admits_he_doesnt_read_the_computer_fine_print.

Margaret Jane Radin, Boilerplate: The Fine Print, Vanishing Rights, and the Rule of Law (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012), 14.

Radin, Boilerplate , 16–17.

Nancy S. Kim, Wrap Contracts: Foundations and Ramifications (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 50–69.

Jon Leibowitz, “Introductory Remarks at the FTC Privacy Roundtable,” FTC, December 7, 2009, http://www.ftc.gov/speeches/leibowitz/091207.pdf.

Aleecia M. McDonald and Lorrie Faith Cranor, “The Cost of Reading Privacy Policies,” Journal of Policy for the Information Society, 4, no. 3 (2008), http://hdl.handle.net/1811/72839.

Kim, Wrap Contracts , 70–72.

Пример такой риторики см. в: Tom Hayes, “America Needs a Department of ‘Creative Destruction’,” Huffington Post, October 27, 2011, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-hayes/america-needs-a-departmen_b_1033573.html.

Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2008), 68; Йозеф А. Шумпетер, Капитализм, социализм и демократия (Москва: Экономика, 1995), 110.

Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy , 83; Шумпетер, Капитализм, социализм и демократия , 126–127.

Joseph A. Schumpeter, The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism , ed. Richard Swedberg (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), 417, 411 (выделено мной. – Ш. З .).

Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy , 83; Шумпетер, Капитализм, социализм и демократия , 127.

Yochai Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006).

Tom Worden, “Spain’s Economic Woes Force a Change in Traditional Holiday Habits,” Guardian , August 8, 2011, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/ 08/spain-debt-crisis-economy-august-economy.

Suzanne Daley, “On Its Own, Europe Backs Web Privacy Fights,” New York Times , August 9, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/10/world/europe/10spain.html.

Ankit Singla et al., “The Internet at the Speed of Light” (ACM Press, 2014), https://doi.org/10.1145/2670518.2673876; Taylor Hatmaker, “There Could Soon Be Wi-Fi That Moves at the Speed of Light,” Daily Dot, July 14, 2014, https://www.dailydot.com/debug/sisoft-li-fi-vlc-10gbps.

“Google Spain SL v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (Case C-131/12 (May 13, 2014),” Harvard Law Review 128, no. 2 (2014): 735.

Google Spain , 2014 E.C.R. 317, 80–81.

Paul M. Schwartz and Karl-Nikolaus Peifer, “Transatlantic Data Privacy,” Georgetown Law Journal 106, no. 115 (2017): 131, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3066971. A few of the many excellent analyses of the right to be forgotten include Dawn Nunziato, “Forget About It? Harmonizing European and American Protections for Privacy, Free Speech, and Due Process” (GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper, George Washington University, January 1, 2015), http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1295; Jeffrey Rosen, “The Right to Be Forgotten,” Stanford Law Review Online 64 (2012): 88; “The Right to Be Forgotten (Google v. Spain),” EPIC.org, October 30, 2016, https://epic.org/privacy/right-to-be-forgotten; Ambrose Jones, Meg Leta, and Jef Ausloos, “The Right to Be Forgotten Across the Pond,” Journal of Information Policy 3 (2012): 1–23; Hans Graux, Jef Ausloos, and Peggy Valcke, “The Right to Be Forgotten in the Internet Era,” Interdisciplinary Centre for Law and ICT, November 12, 2012, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/256039959_The_Right_to_Be_Forgotten_in_the_Internet_Era; Franz Werro, “The Right to Inform v. the Right to Be Forgotten: A Transatlantic Clash,” Liability in the Third Millennium , May 2009, 285–300; “Google Spain SL v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos”. Всесторонний обзор см. в: Anita L. Allen and Marc Rotenberg, Privacy Law and Society, 3rd ed. (St. Paul: West, 2016), 1520–1552.

“Judgement in Case C-131/12: Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González” (Court of Justice of the European Union, May 13, 2014), https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2014-05/cp140070en.pdf.

Federico Fabbrini, “The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Rights to Data Privacy: The EU Court of Justice as a Human Rights Court,” in The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as a Binding Instrument: Five Years Old and Growing, ed. Sybe de Vries, Ulf Burnitz, and Stephen Weatherill (Oxford: Hart, 2015), 21–22.

Отличное введение в вопрос о «свободе слова» и Первой поправке см. в: Anupam Chander and Uyên Lê, “The Free Speech Foundations of Cyberlaw” (UC Davis Legal Studies Research Paper 351, September 2013, School of Law, University of California, Davis).

Henry Blodget, “Hey, Europe, Forget the ‘Right to Be Forgotten’ – Your New Google Ruling Is Nuts!” Business Insider, May 14, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/europe-google-ruling-2014-5.

Greg Sterling, “Google Co-Founder Sergey Brin: I Wish I Could Forget the ‘Right to Be Forgotten,’” Search Engine Land , May 28, 2014, http://searchengineland.com/ google-co-founder-brin-wish-forget-right-forgotten-192648.

Richard Waters, “Google’s Larry Page Resists Secrecy but Accepts Privacy Concerns,” Financial Times , May 30, 2014, https://www.ft.com/content/f3b127ea-e708-11e3-88be-00144feabdc0.

James Vincent, “Google Chief Eric Schmidt Says ‘Right to Be Forgotten’ Ruling Has Got the Balance ‘Wrong,’” Independent, May 15, 2014, http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/google-chief-eric-schmidt-says-right-to-be-forgotten-ruling-has-got-the-balance-wrong-9377231.html.

Pete Brodnitz et al., “Beyond the Beltway February 26–27 Voter Poll,” Beyond the Beltway Insights Initiative, February 27, 2015, http://web.archive.org/web/20160326035834/http://beltway.bsgco.com/about; Mary Madden and Lee Rainie, “Americans’ Attitudes About Privacy, Security and Surveillance,” PewResearchCenter (blog), May 20, 2015, http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/05/20/americans-attitudes-about-privacy-security-and-surveillance. Национальный опрос, проведенный организацией Software Advice, показал, что 61 % американцев считают, что право на забвение в каком-то виде необходимо, 39 % хотят права на забвение в его широкой европейской трактовке и почти половина были обеспокоены тем, что «неактуальные» результаты поиска может навредить репутации человека. Опрос, проведенный YouGov, показал, что 55 % американцев поддержали бы законодательство, подобное праву на забвение, по сравнению с лишь 14 %, которые не готовы его поддержать. Опрос в США, проведенный Benenson Strategy Group и SKDKnickerbocker, опубликованный спустя почти год после решения ЕС, показал, что 88 % респондентов в определенной степени (36 %) или решительно (52 %) поддерживают американский закон, который разрешил бы им обращаться к таким компаниям, как Google, Yahoo! и Bing, чтобы удалить определенную личную информацию, которая появляется в результатах поиска. См.: Daniel Humphries, “U.S. Attitudes Toward the ‘Right to Be Forgotten,’” Software Advice, September 5, 2014, https://www.softwareadvice.com/security/industryview/right-to-be-forgotten-2014; Jake Gammon, “Americans Would Support ‘Right to Be Forgotten,’” YouGov, December 6, 2017, https://today.yougov.com/news/2014/06/02/americans-would-support-right-be-forgotten; Mario Trujillo, “Public Wants ‘Right to Be Forgotten’ Online,” Hill, March 19, 2015, http://thehill.com/policy/technology/236246-poll-public-wants-right-to-be-forgotten-online.