Владимир Аракин - Практический курс английского языка 1 курс

animal

hardly adv с трудом, едва, е. д. I could hardly understand her.

hard adv сильно; Syn. heavily, e. g. It is raining hard (heavily), hard adj

сильный, as a hard frost

frost л мороз; frosty adj морозный; freeze (froze, frozen) vt замерзать,

покрываться льдом; е. д. It's freezing hard.

sparkle vi сверкать; Syn. shine

icicle n сосулька

slide (slidr slid) vi/t скользить; кататься no льду thaw n

оттепель

float vi/1 плыть (по течению, по воздуху), e. g. A lot of red and green balloons

floated in the air.

harvest n жатва, уборка хлеба; урожай

degree л градус, е. д. We had 25 degrees above (below) zero yesterday.

close adj душный, e. g. Open the window. It's very close here Syn. stuffy

breathл дыхание; зд. дуновение, е. g. At last we felt a breath of fresh air;

breathe vt/i дышать, e. g. The childwas breathing hard, weather-forecastл

прогноз погоды

202

remainvi оставаться, е. д. In England the fields and the parks remain green

even in winter; Syn. stay

drizzleл мелкий дождь, изморось; drizzle vi, е. д. It's drizzling,

thunderstormл гроза; thunderл гром; a clap of thunderудар

грома

overcast adj покрытый облаками; хмурый (о небе)

pour vt/i лить, литься; наливать, е. д. It's pouring, Льет дождь.

Pour yourself a cup of milk.

fortunately adv к счастью; Ant. unfortunately tremendous adj страшный,

громадный; Syn. awful, terrible lightningл молния, е. д. A flash of lightning lit

up the sky. worth predic. adj заслуживающий, стоящий; to be worth doing

smth.,e. g. It's not worth thinking about.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

season, to shine brightly; to be out-of-doors; to be in blossom (to be in bloom);

flower-bed; to cycle; to boat; to fish; to go cycling (boating, fishing); to bathe, to

swim; to lie in the sun; to play with a ball; to play tennis (football); to play a game

of chess (tennis); to pick flowers, to pick (gather) berries and mushrooms; to

travel by car; at the seaside; on the beach; on the bank of the

river

' ifiWviS

to blow; to go skating; skating-rink; to toboggan; fraifes of

snow; sleet; sledge; slush; to get wet through; melt

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES

Weather remarks: What a marvellous (shocking) day! It seems to be getting

more settled (clearing up), doesn't it? It's very windy (mild, wet, stormy) today. I'll

be glad when the rain's over (the fog's cleared), won't you? It's nice (cold, warm,

chilly, hot), isn't it?

Hesitation devices: um, er, well, actually, in fact, you see, you know, the

thing is, it's like this, how shall I put it, thee (lengthening of the), ayyy

(lengthening of a), tooo (lengthening of to), I think..., I believe I suppose.

Memory Work:

When the weather is wet We must not fret, —

When the weather is cold We must not scold.

When the weather is warm We must not storm, —

But be thankful together Whatever the weather.

203

EXERCISES

I. a) The material below is to be prepared for reading. Mark the stresses and tunes.

Concentrate your attention on sounds, b) Let your fellow-student read the sentences for

you to detect his errors in sounds and tell him what must be done to eliminate them:

[e] 1. Get ten eggs ready for breakfast.

2. Every day in every way.

The weather is getting better and better.

3. East or West home is best.

4. All is well that ends well.

5. Better late than never.

6. Health is above wealth.

II. Before you start working at the texts practise the sounds in the following word

combinations from the texts:

A.

1. [rj] raining a little, wearing a mackintosh, carrying an

umbrella, spreading over London, floating across the sky, having a flight;

2. [ 3:J their first words, almost certain, the other person,

turned ripe;

3. [зи — э: — D] almost, can only crawl along, the ponds

are frozen over, a fight with snowballs.

B.1. Alveolars replaced by dentals: read the weather-fore-

cast, and the sun, but the English, about the weather, look at this.

2. Nasal plosion: it must be, it never, let me, like it now.

3. Loss of plosion: must be, what does it, but bright, spread to, it pours.

III. 1. a) Listen to the recording of the text "Seasons and Weather**.

Mark the stresses and tunes, b) Practise the text for test reading. Listen

to it carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way.

2. a) Listen to the dialogue. Mark the stresses and tunes, b) Practise the dialogue for

test reading. Listen to it very carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c)

Memorize and dramatize it.

IV.

Copy out of Text 1 all the words with digraphs ai, ei, ее, oo,

ow and transcribe them.

V. Give the four forms of the following verbs:

come, blow, drive, fall, prefer, freeze, ski, put, sweep, hang, show, sew, awake,

sleep, build, stop, sit, read, write, play, leave, begin, become.

VI.

Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and transcribe them:

204

dark, heavy, hard, large, old, severe, pleasant, bad, good, strong, weak, little,

far, near, late, clear, hot, warm, beautiful.

VII. Ask questions covering the contents of Text 1 for your fellow-students to answer

them.

VIII. Look at the picture (p. 224) and answer the following questions:

1. Which of the four seasons is it? 2. Is the sky overcast with heavy clouds or

is it clear and bright? 3. Has the sun gone in or is it shining brightly? 4. What is

the ground covered with? 5. Are the fruit trees in blossom? 6. Do you see any

flower-beds in the picture? 7. Who do you see in the picture? 8. What are the

grown-up people doing? 9. What are the children doing? 10. Do people stay at

home in spring or do they prefer to go out into the garden? 11. How do you like to

spend your time m spring?

IX.

Look at the right-hand picture and ask one another questions

using the words and word combinations given below:

season; summer; hot, cold; the sun; to shine brightly; on the bank of the river;

to bathe, to swim; to boat, to fish (to go boating, to go fishing); to lie in the sun

(on the sand); to pick flowers; to pick (to gather) berries? and mushrooms; in the

woods; to spend one's vacation (holiday) at the seaside; to travel by car; to go

cycling; in a rest-home; on the shore.

205

X. Describe the picture (p. 225) using the following words and word

combinations: <

autumn; weather; nasty; the sky; to be overcast; cold, wind, to blow; low

clouds, to drive across the sky; to rain heavily (hard); to hurry along the streets; to

wear raincoats; to carry an umbrella; to get wet through; cars, trolley-buses, buses;

to go (run) along the streets; to splash; mud; passers-by.

XI.

Look at the right-hand picture and make up a dialogue. Use the Topical

Vocabulary, Conversational Phrases and Hesitation Devices.

XI.

a) Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:

1. It is as chilly today as it was yesterday. 2. The frost will be as hard

tomorrow as it is today 3. She is as fond of frosty weather as her brother is. 4. It

has stopped raining. 5. She will be working when you come. 6. Pressure will

remain high.

206

b) Ask one another questions on the fol owing sentences and answer them in the

negative. Add a sentence or two to develop a situation. Use conversational phrases:

1. It's coming on to pour. 2. There was a good fall of snow yesterday. 3. It's

still freezing hard. 4. The rain fell heavily last night. 5. It was foggy yesterday

morning. 6. It's clearing up. 7. The clouds are lifting. 8. I've got my folding

umbrella with me. 9. A thunderstorm is coming. 10. I've just read the weather-