Бен Уилсон - Метрополис. Город как величайшее достижение цивилизации

Stephen A. Garrett, Ethics and Airpower in World War II: the British bombing of German cities (London, 1993), pp. 32–3.

Overy, pp. 287–8.

Быт. 19: 24–25.

38,85 кв. километра.

Ibid., pp. 337, 433, 436.

Ibid., p. 400.

Ibid., pp. 172, 478–9.

Ibid., pp. 638–9.

2,72 килограмма.

Max Hastings, Nemesis: the battle for Japan, 1944–45 (London, 2007), p. 320.

41,44 кв. километра.

Henry D. Smith, ‘Tokyo as an Idea: an exploration of Japanese urban thought until 1945’, Journal for Japanese Studies , 4:1 (Winter 1978), 66ff; Fujii Tadatoshi, Kokubō fujinkai (Tokyo, 1985), pp. 198–203.

3,2 км/с.

Hiroshima Peace Media Centre, ‘Hiroshima, 70 Years After the Atomic Bomb: rebirth of the city, part 1 (3): “Workers labored to give the city light amid A-bomb ruins”’, http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?p=47982; part 1 (4): ‘Workers take pride in uninterrupted water supply’, http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?p=47988.

Ibid., part 1 (5): ‘Post office workers struggle to maintain mail service in ruined city’, http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?p=48210.

Пер. Ю. Корнеева.

Grigore Gafencu, The Last Days of Europe: a diplomatic journey in 1939 (New Haven, 1948), p. 78.

Так у автора. Прозвище Сципион получил, естественно, после окончания войны.

Max Hastings, All Hell Let Loose: the world at war 1939–1945 (London, 2011), p. 170.

Скрябина Елена Александровна, «Годы скитаний».

Ibid., p. 172; Anna Reid, Leningrad: the epic siege of World War II (London, 2011), pp. 167ff, 182ff.

Reid, pp. 176ff, 233, 288.

241 километр.

Anthony Beevor and Luba Vinogradova (eds. and trans.), A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army 1941–1945 (London, 2005), p. 151.

Georgii Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshall Zhukov (London, 1971), p. 353.

Fritzsche, pp. 18–19.

Cesarani, pp. 340ff.

Ibid., pp. 342, 345–6.

Ibid., pp. 342, 487.

Национальный день траура для евреев, день разрушения Первого и Второго храма.

Ibid., pp. 493ff.

Ibid., pp. 605ff.

Richie, pp. 193–4.

Ibid., pp. 241ff.

Так у автора.

Ibid., pp. 44ff, 249–50, 252ff.

Ibid., pp. 275ff, 305ff.

49 Ibid., pp. 591–2.

Fritzsche, pp. 357–8.

Reid, pp. 617ff.

Stanislaw Jankowski, ‘Warsaw: destruction, secret town planning, 1939–44, and post-war reconstruction’, in Jeffry M. Diefendorf (ed.), Rebuilding Europe’s Bombed Cities (NY, 1990), pp. 79–80.

H. V. Lanchester, ‘Reconstruction of Warsaw’, The Builder (1947), 296; Robert Bevan, The Destruction of Memory: architecture at war (London, 2006), p. 97.

Reid, p. 639.

Ibid.

Beevor and Vinogradova (eds. and trans.), pp. 312–3.

Richard J. Evans, ‘Disorderly Cities’, London Review of Books, 35:23 (5/12/2013), 27–9.

Jankowski, 79ff; Jerzy Elzanowski, ‘Manufacturing Ruins: architecture and representation in post-catastrophic Warsaw’, Journal of Architecture 15, 2010, 76–9.

Marian Nowicki, Skarpa Warszawska 1 (October 1945), cited in Magdalena Mostowska, ‘Post-War Planning and Housing Policy: a modernist architect’s perspective’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 12:2 (2005), 98.

Mostowska, 97.

André Sorensen, The Making of Urban Japan: cities and planning from Edo to the twenty-first century (Abingdon, 2002), p. 149; C. Hein, J. Diefendorf and I. Yorifusa (eds.), Rebuilding Japan After 1945 (NY, 2003); Matias Echanove, ‘The Tokyo Model: incremental urban development in the post-war city’ (2015), http://www.urbanlab.org/TheTokyoModel-Echanove.02.2015.pdf.

«Послание».

Marshall Berman, ‘Among the Ruins, New Internationalist, 5/12/1987.

Маршалл Берман (1940–2013) – американский философ, гуманист и марксист.

Ibid.; Francesca Russello Ammon, ‘Unearthing “Benny the Bulldozer”: the culture of clearance in post-war children’s books’, Technology and Culture, 53:2 (April 2012), 306–7.

Мартин Лютер Кинг – лидер движения за гражданские права чернокожих, был убит 4 апреля 1968 года в Мемфисе, штат Теннесси.

Conor Friedersdorf, ‘When the Army Planned for a Fight in US Cities’, The Atlantic , 16/1/2018; William Rosenau, ‘“Our Ghettos, Too, Need a Lansdale”: American counter-insurgency abroad and at home in the Vietnam era’, in Celeste Ward Gventer, M. L. R. Smith and D. Jones (eds.), The New Counter-Insurgency Era in Critical Perspective (London, 2013), pp. 111ff.

Нас (англ. Nas ) – Насир бин Олу Дара Джонс, род. 1973.

William Jelani Cobb, To the Break of Dawn: a freestyle on the hip hop aesthetic (NY, 2007) p. 142; https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100004/http://hiphop.sh/juice.

Michael Eric Dyson and Sohail Daulatzai, Born to Use Mics: reading Nas’s Illmatic (NY, 2009).

NPR interview, ‘Nas on Marvin Gaye’s Marriage, Parenting and Rap Genius’, 20/7/2012, https://www.npr.org/2012/07/22/157043285/nas-on-marvin-gayes-marriage-parenting-and-rap-genius.

14,16 кв. километра.

D. J. Waldie, Holy Land: a suburban memoir (NY, 2005).

Более 225 километров.

United States Census Bureau, Patterns of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Population Change: 2000 to 2010 (2012).

Martin J. Schiesl, ‘The Politics of Contracting: Los Angeles County and the Lakewood Plan, 1954–1962’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 45:3 (Summer 1982), 227–43.

87 000 кв. километров.

Более 341 тыс. кв. километров.

32 километра.

1770 километров.

Becky M. Nicolaides, My Blue Heaven: life and politics in the working-class suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920–1965 (Chicago, 2002).

Почти 375 километров.

72,5 кв. километра.

1214 кв. километров.

Christopher C. Sellers, Crabgrass Crucible: suburban nature and the rise of environmentalism in twentieth-century America (Chapel Hill, 2012), p. 156.

Laura R. Barraclough, ‘Rural Urbanism: producing western heritage and the racial geography of post-war Los Angeles’, Western Historical Quarterly , 39:2 (Summer 2008), 177–80; Catherine Mulholland, ‘Recollections of a Valley Past’, in Gary Soto (ed.), California Childhood: recollections and stories of the Golden State (Berkeley, CA, 1988), p. 181.

Англ. Valley girl , то есть «девушка из долины».

Wade Graham, ‘The Urban Environmental Legacies of the Air Industry’, in Peter J. Westwick, Blue Sky Metropolis: the aerospace century in Southern California (Los Angeles, 2012); Martin J. Schiesl, ‘City Planning and the Federal Government in World War II: the Los Angeles Experience’, California History , 59:2 (Summer 1980), 126–43.

Mark L. Morgan and Mark A. Berhow, Rings of Supersonic Steel: air defenses of the United States Army 1950–1979, an introductory history and site guide (Bodega Bay, 2002), pp. 105ff.

Robert Kargon and Arthur Molella, ‘The City as Communications Net: Norbert Wiener, the atomic bomb, and urban dispersal’, Technology and Culture , 45:4 (October 2004), 764–77; Kathleen A. Tobin, ‘The Reduction of Urban Vulnerability: revisiting the 1950s American suburbanization as civil defence’, Cold War History 2:2 (January 2002), 1–32; Jennifer S. Light, From Warfare to Welfare: defense intellectuals and urban problems in Cold War America (Baltimore, 2003).

Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: the suburbanization of the United States (NY, 1985), chapter 11; Tom Hanchett, ‘The Other “Subsidized Housing”: Federal aid to suburbanization, 1940s-1960s’, in John Bauman, Roger Biles and Kristin Szylvian (eds.), From Tenements to Taylor Homes: in search of urban housing policy in twentieth-century America (University Park, 2000), pp. 163–79.

4,56 метра.

Jackson, p. 207.

Tobin, 25.

Waldie, p. 162; William Fulton, The Reluctant Metropolis: the politics of urban growth in Los Angeles (Baltimore, 1997), p. 10; David Kushner, Levittown: two families, one tycoon, and the fight for civil rights in America’s legendary suburb (NY, 2009), p. 190.

Англ. suburbia – дословно нечто «под-урбанистическое», низшее, худшее, чем город.