Татьяна Мохова - Факт и вымысел в журналистике Марка Твена

«The storm was very severe for a while, and we shall not be surprised to hear of further destruction having been caused by it. The damage resulting to Mr. Heldman's grocery store, amounts to $2,200».

«On our first page, to-day, will be found the opening chapters of a thrilling tale, entitled "An Act to amend and supplemental to an Act to provide for Assessing and Collecting County and Territorial Revenue." This admirable story was written especially for the columns of this paper by several distinguished authors. We have secured a few more productions of the same kind, at great expense, and we design publishing them in their regular order. Our readers will agree with us that it will redound considerably to their advantage to read and preserve these documents».

Ромм А. С. Марк Твен. М.: Наука, 1977. С. 42.

«The names of those killed in the affray are as follows: Charles Bulwinkle, from New York; William Moats, Geo. Adams and Elizabeth Adams, and three others whose names our informant had forgotten. The survivors were overtaken on the afternoon by a train numbering 111 wagons, which brought them through to Humboldt». Local Column. Territorial Enterprise (October 1, 1862) / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 390.

«Shortly after the sufferers by the fight recorded above had joined the large train, it was also fired into in the night by a party of Snake Indians, but the latter, finding themselves pretty warmly received, drew off without taking a scalp». Ibid.

Local Column. Territorial Enterprise (January 10, 1863) / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 185.

«A gentleman informed us yesterday that he thought the intention was to remove the partition, but he could not be positive about it». Ibid.

«We learn from gentlemen who were present at the trial to-day, that there were about thirty witnesses on the stand, and one of them a woman». Local Column. Territorial Enterprise (January 11–21, 1863). The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 401.

«…The art of writing half-truthful articles to entertain his audience of miners and roughnecks». Underwood D. Journalism and the Novel. Truth and fiction, 1700–2000. New York: Cambridge University press, 2008. P. 85.

«I found one wagon that was going on to California, and made some judicious inquiries of the proprietor. When I learned…that he… would not be in the city the next day to make trouble, I got ahead of the other papers, for I took down his list of names and added his party to the killed and wounded. Having more scope here, I put this wagon through an Indian fight that to this day has no parallel in history». Ward G. Duncan D. Burns K. Mark Twain. An illustrated biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001. P. 38.

«On the Enterprise he disliked writing reports which demanded exact facts and figures; he hated “solid facts”». Bellamy G. Mark Twain as a Literary Artist.Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950. P.90.

«In the bottom of the incline the ledge is about ten feet wide, has a casing of blue clay, and is well defined; a great quantity of quartz has been taken from it, which looks exactly like third or fourth-class Ophir, but it won't pay to crush yet awhile, although choice specimens of it have assayed as high as ninety-two dollars to the ton». Local Column. Territorial Enterprise (April 3, 1863) / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 412.

«At the present writing we cannot say what the net proceeds of the ball will amount to, but they will doubtless reach quite a respectable figure – say $400». Twain M. Sanitary Ball / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 185.

«We do not care about dictating much in the matter so long as no one will be likely to pay us for it». The new Court House (Local Column Territorial Enterprise, January 10, 1863) / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 189.

«We have been suffering from the seven years' itch for many months. It is probably the most aggravating disease in the world. It is contagious. That man has commenced a career of suffering which is frightful to contemplate; there is no cure for the distemper». Local Column. Territorial Enterprise (January 8, 1863) / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 182.

«Sam offered the fictitious reporter’s “notes” <���…> A week later, after his hat was filched at an Odd Fellows ball in Gold Hill, he announced menacingly in the column that he suffered from the seven years’ itch». Powers R. Mark Twain. A life. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney: Free press, 2005. P. 113.

«Mr. Wm. L. Card, of Silver City, has invented a sort of infernal machine, which is to turn quartz mills by electricity. It consists of wheels and things, and – however, we could not describe it without getting tangled. Mr. Card assures us that he can apply his invention to all the mills in Silver City». Local Column. Territorial Enterprise (April 19 – 30, 1863) / Ibid. P. 413.

«Sulphur Deposit», «Silver bars – how assayed».

Virginia City Territorial Enterprise 1862–1868. Digital archive: [сайт].URL: http://twainquotes.com/teindex.html (дата обращения 07.04.2016).

«A journalistic counterculture coalesced at the Enterprise and improvised a news literature-on-deadline that caught the emerging voice of a self-defined America». Powers R. Mark Twain. A life. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney: Free press, 2005. P. 113.

«Небылица – это, по сути, форма устного развлечения; аудитория ценит не столько буквальное значение баек, сколько художественные средства выразительности» (The tall tale is essentially an oral form of entertainment; the audience appreciates the imaginative invention rather than the literal meaning of the tales). Tall tale (Folk Tale) / Encyclopedia Britannica: [сайт]. URL: http://global.britannica.com/art/tall-tale

«After dark, he ventured forth with his nose swollen to the size of several junk bottles – a vast, inflammed and pulpy old snoot – to get advice about having it amputated». DeQuille D. Mark Twain takes a lesson in the manly art // The Washoe Giant in San Francisco / Ed. by F. Walker. San Francisco: George Fields, 1938. P. 52–53.

«American newspapers <���…> contained low art and folksy humor, haphazard news items, and florid, sentiment-laden writing<���…>». Underwood D. Journalism and the Novel. Truth and fiction, 1700–2000. New York: Cambridge University press, 2008. P. 85.

Ibid. P. 87.

«He hated to have to do with figures, measurements and solid facts, such as were called for in matters pertaining to mines and machinery». Nelson J. Mark Twain // A Sourcebook of American Literary Journalism: Representative Writers in an Emerging Genre / Ed. T. B. Connery. New York: Greenwood press, 1992.P. 44.

«Joe Goodman has assigned him to report stock quotations, earnings from some of the five hundred mines on the mountain, and public meetings in the town – the kind of rote work that drove Sam up the wall with boredom». Powers R. Mark Twain. A life.New York, London, Toronto, Sydney: Free press, 2005. P.117.

«Entering the Spanish tunnel in A street, you grope along by candle light for two hundred and fifty feet – but you need not count your steps – keep on going until you come to a horse <���…> You are now upon the confines of the ledge, and from this point several drifts branch out to different portions of the mine. Without stopping to admire these gloomy grottoes you descend a ladder and halt upon a landing where you are fenced in with an open-work labyrinth of timbers some eighteen inches square, extending in front of you and behind you, and far away above you and below you, until they are lost in darkness». Twain M. The Spanish mine / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979. P. 164.

«The face of the walls is of a dark blue color, sparkling with pyrites, or sulphurets, or something, and beautifully marbled with little crooked streaks of lightning as white as loaf sugar». Twain M. The Spanish [Mine] / The Works of Mark Twain; Early Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1 1851–1864. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1979.P. 167.

В оригинальном тексте использовано местоимение «мы» – таковы были стандарты журналистики.

«“A few inches of water deemed necessary. Every department of the Spanish mine is now in first class working order <���….>». still remain in the lower gallery, but it interferes with nobody, and can be easily bailed out whenever it may be». Ibid.

«Intelligent people can understand, now, that about a hundred dollars a day may be saved in this way, without even taking into consideration the costly job of re-timbering every two or three years, which is rendered unnecessary by it – and by way of driving the proposition into heads like the Unreliable's, which is filled with oysters instead of brains, we will say that by building these walls, you are saved the time and labor of lowering heavy timbers 300 feet into the earth <���…>». Ibid.

«The Unreliable of the Union went also – for the purpose of distorting the facts». Twain M. A big thing in Washoe city // Mack E. M. Mark Twain in Nevada. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1947. P. 224.

«Next there are the specific political burlesque in which Mark Twain parodied legislative proceedings of the territorial legislature». Cox J. M. Mark Twain: The fate of humor. Columbia: University of Missouri press, 2002.P. 15.

[Cries, "Hannah! Hannah!" "Gentlemen, wait a moment!" "I call for the adoption of the report before we have any speaking!"] Twain M. The Bolters in Convention // Mark Twain of the Enterprise / Ed. By H. N. Smith. Berkley: Univ. of California press, 1957. P. 113.

«Mr. Gregory did this with much grace and dignity, albeit he affected to stammer and gasp, and hesitate, and look colicky, and miscall the names, and miscall them again by way of correcting himself, and grab desperately at invisible things in the air – all with a charming pretense of being scared». Twain M. A big thing in Washoe city … P. 224.