Томас Чаморро-Премузик - Уверенность в себе. Как повысить самооценку, преодолеть страхи и сомнения

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L. Larwood and W. Whittaker, “Managerial Myopia: Self-serving Biases in Organizational Planning,” Journal of Applied Psychology 62, no. 2 (1977): 194–98.

R. B. Felson, “Ambiguity and Bias in the Self-concept,” Social Psychology Quarterly 44, no. 1 (1981): 64–69.

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College Board, “Student Descriptive Questionnaire” (Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1976–1977).

K. P. Cross, “Not Can, But Will College Teaching Be Improved?” New Directions for Higher Education 17 (1977): 1–15.

Разумеется, возможны случаи, когда большинство людей превышает среднестатистический показатель. Например, у большинства людей больше ног, чем у среднестатистического человека: из-за некоторого количества людей, у которых одна нога либо вообще отсутствуют нижние конечности, среднее число ног получается меньше двух. То же самое происходит, когда данные положительно асимметричны, что подразумевает, что большинство людей окажутся «ниже среднего». Известный пример: у большинства людей зарплата меньше среднестатистической, поскольку среднестатистическая зарплата раздута за счет небольшого количества людей со сверхвысокими зарплатами. Однако в большинстве случаев мы имеем дело с нормальным распределением переменных, что делает статистическое среднее примерно равным средней точке шкалы, а также наиболее часто встречающемуся значению.

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Ibid., 378.

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Ibid., 1156.

Ibid., 1159.

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Неудивительно, что депрессия – не редкость у добившихся исключительно высоких результатов людей, взять хотя бы Вуди Аллена, Чарльза Диккенса, Федора Достоевского, Харрисона Форда и Микеланджело. Еще один известный пример – Фридрих Ницше с его знаменитым изречением «Что не убивает меня, то делает меня сильнее» – неплохой подход к депрессии!

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См. главу 7, где об этом рассказывается подробнее.

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“Statistics,” National Institute of Mental Health, http://www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/.

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Marks and Nesse, “Fear and Fitness,” 254.

Сунь-цзы. Искусство войны. М.: Литература, 1950. С. 21.

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V. H. Galbraith, The Making of Domesday Book (London: Clarendon Press, 1961), 30.

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Карнеги Д. Как завоевывать друзей и оказывать влияние на людей. Мн.: Попурри, 2013.