Игорь Евтишенков - 1—10-й тесты, английский язык, ЕГЭ, 2023. На базе материалов ФИПИ

Stonehenge

Stonehenge is probably the most important prehistoric monument in Britain. The Stonehenge that we see today is the final stage ___ (A). But first let us look back 5,000 years.

The first Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch, bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably built around 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one metre wide and deep, ___ (B). Excavations have revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were probably made not for the purpose of graves but as part of the religious ceremony. Shortly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left untouched for over 1000 years.

The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge started around 2150 BC. Some 82 bluestones from south-west Wales were transported to the site. It is thought that these stones, some weighing 4 tonnes each, were dragged on rollers and sledges to the headwaters and then loaded onto rafts. This astonishing journey covered nearly 240 miles. Once at the site, these stones were set up in the centre ___ (C).

The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw the arrival of the Sarsen stones. The largest of the Sarsen stones weigh 50 tonnes and transportation by water would have been impossible ___ (D). These stones were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle, five trilithons were placed in a horseshoe arrangement, ___ (E). The final stage took place soon after 1500 BC ___ (F). The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around sixty. They have long since been removed or broken up. Some remain only as stumps below ground level.

1. when the bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that we see today

2. to form an incomplete double circle

3. which form a circle about 284 feet in diameter

4. which were almost certainly brought from the Marlborough Downs

5. so the stones could only have been moved using sledges and ropes

6. whose remains we can still see today

7. that was completed about 3,500 years ago

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Fear No More

Jonte faced playtime with mixed feelings. When the bell rang, the others would rush into the open air, laughing and chattering. He felt left out. Yet these were also times he enjoyed. He could daydream about how things might have been.

Sometimes, though, he would watch the play not directly, that would have been impossible but on the big screen in one of the classrooms. Cheering on his friends made him feel part of the action. Even through the screens, however, watching for long often made his eyes hurt. Sunlight reflected strongly off the silvery turf, and even more from the trees around the ground. Players in motion trailed flashes of light which left black spots in his vision.

It was during a tense game that the summons came through. The shelter Principal, no less, wanted him at once in his office. Jonte uttered a mild swearword, though realising that he had already been watching too long his head was aching. He made his way to the admin sector, signalled his arrival and went in. The Principal was behind his desk directly opposite the door. He was a small man, with metallic black hair cut short, silver-grey hands in constant fidgety motion and an expression of perpetual irritation. He waved in the direction of a chair placed in front of the desk.

But to Jonte’s surprise, there were several other people in the office. It was difficult at first to see them all clearly: not only had the effects of watching the match still to wear off, but the lighting was poor. Perhaps the Principal had only remembered at the last minute to close the heavy shutters and switch on a lamp.

As his vision returned, Jonte’s surprise grew. The six men and two women, who sat in a half circle to one side, judging by their job tags, were senior…very senior. Four were from the administration. The two women and the other two men seemed to be scientists from different research bodies.

Jonte was used to the fact that other people were inscrutable. He would have been able to tell from gazing in a mirror into his own eyes, with their blue irises surrounding dark pupils, how he was feeling, even if he hadn’t known yet. But other people’s eyes were silver discs, giving away nothing. He could sometimes see from the rest of their faces whether they were happy or sad, smiling or frowning; but their skin reflected the light, so that he could never be quite sure. From the way they were sitting, he thought, the visitors seemed anxious.

«Jonte’, the Principal said, «these people have a favour to ask, and I hope you can help them. Please sit down.» Jonte’s surprise grew. What possible favour could these people want from someone like him? «I’ll help if I can’, he said.

«You know,» the Principal went on, «that you have had to grow up here because going outside would be dangerous. Your body wouldn’t be able to withstand the radiation, even at night-time. Ordinary people are born with protection; but in your case…»

«So you see’, one of the women interjected quickly, «you are really a very interesting young man. We want you to let us get to know you better.»

«The people here,» the Principal resumed, «are from the government’s science and research council. They would like to take you to one of their centres in the south, where the facilities are supposed to be better than we can provide.»

«But I’m quite happy here,» Jonte felt he should say. «My friends.»

«… and in any case, ’the Principal insisted a trifle sourly, «you wouldn’t be able to stay much longer. The shelter is being closed down.»

Jonte took this in. «So when do I have to go?» he asked.

«If you can pack your things together quickly, ’one of the men replied, «we should like to move you this evening. say in an hour. Is that all right?»

An hour! The suddenness of it all puzzled Jonte. His condition had been known from the moment he had been born when his parents so he had been told had handed him over for special care. But it also excited him. Apart from a short journey when he had been much younger to a medical centre, he could not remember ever having left the shelter. He didn’t really have much to pack anyway.

12. When his friends rushed into the open air during playtime, Jonte felt…

1) embarrased.

2) annoyed.

3) lonely.

4) bored.

Ответ:

13. When the summons came through, Jonte was…

1) glad that he was able to have a rest.

2) annoyed that he had to stop watching the game.

3) eager to know what had happened.

4) in a hurry.

Ответ:

14. The people in the Principal’s office were all…

1) of high rank.

2) very old.

3) researchers.

4) from the administration.

Ответ:

15. In paragraph 6 the word «inscrutable’ means…

1) not wishing to talk.

2) unhappy.

3) pretending to be kind.

4) showing no emotion or reaction.

Ответ:

16. Jonte had to grow up in the shelter because…

1) he was an orphan.

2) the world outside the shelter was dangerous.

3) his body was unable to withstand high temperature.

4) he would not manage to survive in the open air.

Ответ:

17. The people offered to take Jonte to one of their centres because

1) Jonte was not quite happy here.

2) it was well equipped.

3) the Principal didn’t want Jonte to stay in the shelter.

4) the shelter could not provide good education for Jonte.

Ответ:

18. Jonte was surprised because…

1) he had not known about his condition.

2) he had never left the shelter before.

3) he had to leave the shelter urgently.

4) he didn’t have much to pack.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 10—18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

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