Кристиана Фигерес - Какое будущее мы выбираем. Климатический кризис: промедление недопустимо

Eliot Whittington, “How Big Are Fossil Fuel Subsidies?” Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, https://www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/busines-action/low-carbon-transformation/eliminating-fossil-fuel-subsidies/how-big-are-fossil-fuel-subsidies

Global Studies Initiative, “What We Do: Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Climate Change”, International Institute for Sustainable Development, https://www.iisd.org/gsi/what-we-do/focus-areas/renewable-energy-subsidies-fossil-fuel-phase-out

Mark Carney, “Breaking the Tragedy of the Horizon – Climate Change and Financial Stability,” – речь, произнесенная Марком Карни перед страховым объединением Lloyd’s в Лондоне 20 сентября 2015 года, https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/Breaking-the-Tragedy-of-the-Horizon-%E2%80%93-climate-change-and-financial-stability.pdf

Официальный сайт Сообщества по повышению экологичности финансовой системы: https://www.ngfs.net/en

См. A Call for Action: Climate Change as a Source of Financial Risk (NGFS, April 2019, https://www.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/media/2019/04/17/ngfs_first_comprehensive_report_-_17042019_0.pdf

Moody’s, “Moody’s Acquires RiskFirst, Expanding Buy-Side Analytics Capabilities”, press release, July 25, 2019, https://ir.moodys.com/196news-and-financials/press-releases/press-release-details/2019/Moodys-Acquires-Risk-First-Expanding-Buy-Side-Analytics-Capabilities/default.aspx

Fatih Birol, “Renewables 2018: Market Analysis and Forecast from 2018 to 2023”, International Energy Agency, October 2018, https://www.iea.org/renewable-2018/

RE100, “Companies”, http://there100.org/companies

David Roberts, “Utilities Have a Problem: The Public Wants 100 % Renewable Energy, and Quick”, Vox, October 11, 2018, https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/9/14/17853884/utilities-renewable-energy-100-percent-public-opinion

Stefan Jungcurt, “IRENA Report Predicts All Forms of Renewable Energy Will Be Cost Competitive by 2020”, SDG Knowledge Hub, January 16, 2018, http://sdg.iisd.org/news/irena-report-predicts-all-forms-of-renewable-energy-will-be-cost-competitive-by-2020/

United Nations Climate Change, “IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C”, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, https://unfccc.int/topics/science/workstreams/cooperation-with-the-ipcc/ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-15-degc

Sunday Times Driving, “10 Electric Cars with 248 Miles or More Range to Buy Instead of a Diesel or Petrol”, Sunday Times (UK), July 1, 2019, https://www.driving.co.uk/news/10-electric-cars-248-miles-range-buy-instead-diesel-petrol/

Christine Negroni, “How Much of the World’s Population Has Flown in an Airplane?” Air & Space, January 6, 2016, https://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/how-much-worlds-population-has-flown-airplane-180957719/

Сам анализ, проделанный Томом Фарье, специалистом по авиационной безопасности, выложен на платформе Quora: Farrier, “What Percent of the World’s Population Will Fly in an Airplane in Their Lives?” Quora, December 13, 2013, https://www.quora.com/What-percent-of-the-worlds-population-will-fly-in-an-airplane-in-their-lives

Liz Goldman and Mikaela Weisse, “Technical Blog: Global Forest Watch’s 2018 Data Update Explained”, Global Forest Watch, April 25, 2019, https://blog.globalforestwatch.org/data-and-research/technical-blog-197-global-forest-watchs-2018-data-update-explained

Gabriel daSilva, “World Lost 12 Million Hectares of Tropical Forest in 2018”, Ecosystem Marketplace, April 25, 2019, https://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/articles/world-lost-12-million-hectares-tropical-forest-2018/

Rhett A. Butler, “Beef Drives 80 % of Amazon Deforestation”, Mongabay, January 29, 2009, https://news.mongabay.com/2009/01/beef-drives-80-of-amazon-deforestation/

Более подробное описание см. здесь: Greenpeace Amazon, “Amazon Cattle Footprint, Mato Grosso: State of Destruction”, February 2010, https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/research/amazon-cattle-footprint-mato/

Herton Escobar, “Deforestation in the Amazon Is Shooting Up, but Brazil’s President Calls the Data ‘a Lie’”, Science, July 28, 2019, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/07/deforestation-amazon-shooting-brazil-s-president-calls-data-lie

Yuna He, Xiaoguang Yang, Juan Xia, Liyun Zhao, and Yuexin Yang, “Consumption of Meat and Dairy Products in China: A Review”, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75, no. 3 (August 2016): 385–91, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116000641

David Tilman, Michael Clark, David R. Williams, et al., “Future Threats to Biodiversity and Pathways to Their Prevention”, Nature 546, (June 1, 2017): 73–81, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature22900

Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, et al., “Solutions for a Cultivated Planet”, Nature 478 (October 12, 2011): 337–342, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10452

EATForum, “The EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health”, https://eatforum.org/eat-lancet-commission/

Jean-Francois Bastin, Yelena Finegold, Claude Garcia, et al., “The Global Tree Restoration Potential”, Science 365, no. 6448 (July 5, 2019): 76–79, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6448/76

Jean-Francois Bastin, Yelena Finegold, Claude Garcia, et al., “The Global Tree Restoration Potential”, Science 365, no. 6448 (July 5, 2019): 76–79, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6448/76

World Agroforestry, “New Look at Satellite Data Quantifies Scale of China’s Afforestation Success”, press release, May 5, 2017, https://www.worldagroforestry.org/news/new-look-satellite-data-quantifies-scale-chinas-afforestation-success

United Nations Environment Programme, “Ethiopia Plants over 350 Million Trees in a Day, Setting New World Record”, August 2, 2019, https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/ethiopia-plants-over-350-million-trees-day-setting-new-world-record

Roland Ennos, “Can Trees Really Cool Our Cities Down?” The Conversation, December 22, 2015, http://theconversation.com/can-trees-really-cool-our-cities-down-44099

Amy Fleming, “The Importance of Urban Forests: Why Money Really Does Grow on Trees”, Guardian (U.S. edition), October 12, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/oct/12/importance-urban-forests-money-grow-trees

Уровень потребления мяса на протяжении человеческой истории сильно варьировал, но никогда не был таким высоким, как теперь. Доисторические люди время от времени употребляли в пищу падаль, древние греки и римляне потребляли 20–30 кг мяса на человека в год. В Средние века европеец съедал за год примерно 40 кг мяса, а к эпохе Возрождения, после того как по Европе прошла чума, это количество выросло до 110 кг. Во время промышленной революции среднее потребление упало до 14 кг мяса на человека в год. См. Tomorrow Today, “A History of Meat Consumption”, video, Deutsche Welle, January 18, 2019, https://www.dw.com/en/a-history-of-meat-consumption/av-47130648

В постиндустриальную эпоху, она же рефрижераторная, потребление мяса стабильно растет во всем мире: от 20 кг на человека в 1960-м до 40 кг сегодня. Максимальный объем приходится на самые обеспеченные страны (причем главные мясоеды обитают в Австралии, за 2013 год каждый австралиец съел около 116 кг мяса). Средний европеец и американец потребляют около 80 и 100 кг соответственно. (Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, “Meat and Dairy Production”, Our World in Data, August 2017, https://ourworldindata.org/meat-and-seafood-production-consumption)

Areeba Hasan, “Signal of Change: AT Kearney Expects Alternative Meats to Make Up 60 % Market in 2040”, Futures Centre, July 16, 2019, https://www.thefuturescentre.org/signals-of-change/224145/kearney-expect-alternative-meats-make-60-market-2040.199

Paul Armstrong, “Greenpeace, Nestlé in Battle over Kit Kat Viral,” CNN, March 20, 2010, http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/03/19/indonesia.rainforests.orangutan.nestle/index.html

Greenpeace International, “Nestlé Promise Inadequate to Stop Deforestation for Palm Oil,” press release, September 14, 2018, https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/18400/nestle-promise-inadequate-to-stop-deforestation-for-palm-oil/

Более подробный анализ ситуации, в которой оказалась Nesté, и принимаемые компанией меры см. Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Albrecht Enders, “How Nestlé Dealt with a Social Media Campaign Against It,” Financial Times, December 3, 2012, https://www.ft.com/content/90dbff8a-3aea-11e2-b3f0-00144feabdc0

Две крайне полезные статьи на эту тему, первоначально опубликованные в Washington Monthly, March 1, 1999:

Jonathan Rowe and Judith Silverstein, “The GDP Myth,” JonathanRowe.org, http://jonathanrowe.org/the-gdp-myth

Stephen Letts, “The GDP Myth: The Planet’s Measure for Economic Growth Is Deeply Flawed and Outdated,” ABC.net.au, June 2, 2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-06-02/gdp-flawed-and-out-of-date-why-still-use-it/9821402

ООН «Цели в области устойчивого развития» (“About the Sustainable Development Goals”), https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

Эти цели таковы: Ликвидация нищеты; ликвидация голода; хорошее здоровье и благополучие; качественное образование; гендерное равенство; чистая вода и санитария; недорогостоящая и чистая энергия; достойная работа и экономический рост; индустриализация, инновации и инфраструктура; уменьшение неравенства; устойчивые города и населенные пункты; ответственное производство и потребление; борьба с изменением климата; сохранение морских экосистем; сохранение экосистем суши; мир, правосудие и эффективные институты; партнерство в интересах устойчивого развития.