Стивен Хэйне - ДНК – не приговор. Удивительная связь между вами и вашими генами

Lea, R., & Chambers, G. (2007). Monoamine oxidase, addiction, and the «warrior» gene hypothesis. New Zealand Medical Journal , 120 (1250), 5–10; Beaver, K. M., Davis, C., Leavitt, K., Schriger, I., Benson, K., Bhakta, S., et al. (2012). Exploring the association between the 2-repeat allele of the MAOA gene promoter polymorphism and psychopathic personality traits, arrests, incarceration, and lifetime antisocial behavior. Personality and Individual Differences , 54, 164–168.

Wade, N. (2014). A troublesome inheritance. New York, NY: Penguin Press. Stokes, J. (05.03.2007). Scientist defends «warrior» gene. The New Zealand Herald .

Widon, C. S., & Brzustowicz, L. M. (2006). MAOA and the «cycle of violence»: Childhood abuse and neglect, MAOA genotype, and risk for violent and antisocial behavior. Biological Psychiatry , 60, 684–689.

Список многочисленных ассоциаций гена МАОА см.: Charney, E., & English, W. (2012). Candidate genes and political behavior. American Political Science Review , 106, 1–34.

Global Study on Homicide 2013: Trends, contexts, data ( http://www.unodc.org/documents/gsh/pdfs/2014_GLOBAL_HOMICIDE_BOOK_web.pdf).

Преступный умысел ( лат .). Прим. перев.

Way, B. M., & Lieberman, M. D. (2010). Is there a genetic contribution to cultural differences? Collectivism, individualism and genetic markers of social sensitivity. Social and Cognitive Affective Neuroscience , 5, 203–211; Lea, R., & Chambers, G. (2007). Monoamine oxidase, addiction, and the «warrior» gene hypothesis. New Zealand Medical Journal , 120 (1250), 5–10.

http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091030/full/news.2009.1050.html.

Aspinwall, L. G., Brown, T. R., & Tabery, J. (2012). The double-edged sword: Does biomechanism increase or decrease judges’ sentencing of psychopaths? Science , 337 (6096), 846–849.

Cheung, B. Y., & Heine, S. J. (2015). The double-edged sword of genetic accounts of criminality: Causal attributions from genetic ascriptions affect legal decision-making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin .

Другой пример этого эффекта см.: Monterosso, J., Royzman, E. B., & Schwartz, B. (2005). Explaining away responsibility: Effects of scientific explanation on perceived culpability. Ethics & Behavior , 15, 139–158.

Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide . New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

Morse, S. J. (2006). Brain overclaim syndrome and criminal responsibility: A diagnostic note. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law , 3, 397–412.

United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. United States of America, Appellee, v. Gary Cossey, Defendant-Appellant. Docket No. 09–5170-CR ( http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-2nd-circuit/1554381.html).

Kenneally, C. (2014). The invisible history of the human race . New York, NY: Viking.

Kevles, D. J. (1995). In the name of eugenics . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books; Kevles, D. J. (1992). Out of eugenics: The historical politics of the human genome. In D. J. Kevles & L. Hood (Eds.) The code of codes (p. 3–36). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lombardo, P. A. (2008). Three generations, no imbeciles (p. 117). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Leuchtenburg, W. E. (1995). The Supreme Court reborn . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Stern, A. M. (2005). Eugenic nation . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Broberg, G., & Roll-Hansen, N. (1996). Eugenics and the welfare state: Sterilization policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland . East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. Robertson, J. (2001). Japan’s first cyborg? Miss Nippon, eugenics and wartime technologies of beauty, body, and blood. Body and Society , 7, 1–34. Stepan, N. L. (1991). The hour of eugenics: Race, gender, and nation in Latin America . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Kevles, D. J. (1995). In the name of eugenics . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Allen, G. (1975). Genetics, eugenics and class struggle. Genetics , 79 (supplement), 29–45; Hahn, N. (1980). Too dumb to know better: Cacogenic family studies and the criminology of women. Criminology , 18, 3 25; Rafter, N. (2008). The criminal brain . New York, NY: New York University Press; Stern, A. M. (2005). Eugenic nation . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Selden, S. (2005). Transforming better babies into fitter families: Archival resources and the history of the American Eugenics Movement, 1908–1930. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , 149, 199–225.

Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books.

Singleton, M. M. (2014). The «science» of eugenics: America’s moral detour. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons , 19 (4), 122–125.

Dorr, G., & Logan, A. (2011). Quality, not mere quantity counts: Black eugenics and the NAACP baby contests. In P. Lombardo (Ed.). A century of eugenics in America (p. 68–92). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Shevell, M. (2012). A Canadian paradox: Tommy Douglas and eugenics. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , 39, 35–39.

Spektorowki, A., & Ireni-Saban, L. (2013). Politics of eugenics: Productionism, population, and national welfare. New York, NY: Routledge. Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books.

Comfort, N. (2012). The science of human perfection . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Wertz, D. (1998). Eugenics is alive and well: A survey of genetics professionals around the world. Science in Context , 11, 493–510.

Stern, A. M. (2005). Eugenic nation: Faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. См. также: Cockburn, A. (02.10.1997). A big green bomb aimed at immigration. Los Angeles Times ( http://articles.latimes.com/1997/oct/02/local/me-38318).

Stern, A. M. (2005). Eugenic nation: Faults and frontiers of better breeding in modern America . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books. Kevles, D. J. (1995). In the name of eugenics . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Ludmerer, K. M. (1972). Genetics and American society: A historical appraisal (p. 34). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Comfort, N. (2012). The science of human perfection . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books.

Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books.

Black, E. (2003). War against the weak: Eugenics and America ’ s campaign to create a master race . New York, NY: Four Walls Eight Windows.

Black, E. (2003). War against the weak: Eugenics and America ’ s campaign to create a master race . New York, NY: Four Walls Eight Windows; Paul, D. B. (1995). Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present . New York, NY: Humanity Books; Kevles, D. J. (1995). In the name of eugenics . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wolstenholme, G. (1963). Man and his future (p. 275). Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Bhattacharya, S. (28.02.2003). Stupidity should be cured, says DNA discoverer. Daily News ( https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3451-stupidity-should-be-cured-says-dna-discoverer/).

Инстинкт странствий, кочевничества. Прим. перев.

Comfort, N. (2012). The science of human perfection . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Kevles, D. J. (1995). In the name of eugenics (p. 53). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Некоторые сторонники евгеники, такие как Генри Годдард, предположили, что слабоумие является рецессивным признаком. Проблема этих рассуждений состоит в том, что они дают аргументы против евгеники, как подметили некоторые критики того времени. Ведь, изъяв людей со слабоумием из генетического фонда, мы избавимся лишь от небольшой доли носителей признака (им необходимо быть гомозиготными, чтобы обладать фенотипом) и почти не повлияем на преобладание признака (подробнее см.: Paul D. B . Controlling human heredity: 1865 to the present. NY: Humanity Books, 1965. P. 68).

Goddard, H. H. (1920). Feeble-mindedness: Its causes and consequences (p. 437). New York, NY: MacMillan.

Walter, H. E. (1913). Genetics: An introduction to the study of heredity (p. 255). New York, NY: MacMillan.

Keller, J. (2005). In genes we trust: The biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88, 686–702.

Корреляции в разных исследованиях и в разных системах измерения варьировались между r = 0,3 и r = –0,5 (см.: Heine, S. J., Cheung, B. Y., & Ream, C. (28.02.2015). Genetic attributions underlie people ’ s attitudes towards criminal responsibility and eugenics . Symposium presentation at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Long Beach, CA).