Стивен Хэйне - ДНК – не приговор. Удивительная связь между вами и вашими генами

Более подробно см.: Murray, A. B., Carson, M. J., Morris, C. A., & Beckwith, J. (2010). Illusions of scientific legitimacy: misrepresented science in the direct-to-consumer genetic-testing marketplace. Trends in Genetics , 26 (11), 459–461.

Autism Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2010. Principle Investigators (2014). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 63 (SS02), 1–21.

Berg, J. M., & Geschwind, D. H. (2012). Autism genetics: Searching for specificity and convergence. Genome Biology , 13, 247–263.

Sanders, S. J., Ercan-Sencicek, A. G., Hus, V., Luo, R., Murtha, M. T., Moreno-De-Luca, D., et al. (2011). Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autism. Neuron , 70, 863–885; Levy, D., Ronemus, M., Yamrom, B., Lee, Y. H., Leotta, A., Kendall, J., et al. (2011). Rare de novo and transmitted copy-number variation in autistic spectrum disorders. Neuron , 70, 886–897; Gilman, S. R., Iossifov, I., Levy, D., Ronemus, M., Wigler, M., & Vitkup, D. (2011). Rare de novo variants associated with autism implicate a large functional network of genes involved in formation and function of synapses. Neuron , 70, 898–907; Anney, R., Klei, L., Pinto, D., Almeida, J., Bacchelli, E., Baird, G., et al. (2012). Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders. Human Molecular Genetics , 21, 4781–4792; Kong, A., Frigge, M. L., Masson, G., Besenbacher, S., Sulem, P., Magnusson, G., et al. (2012). Rate of de novo mutations and the importance of father’s age to disease risk. Nature , 488, 471–475; Chan, J. A. (2015). The emerging picture of autism spectrum disorder: Genetics and pathology. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease , 10, 111–144.

Weintraub, K. (2011). Autism counts. Nature , 479, 22–24.

См. Gruber, J. (2013). The unfulfilled promise of genomics. In S. Krimsky & G. Gruber (Eds.) Genetic explanations (p. 270–282). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Joseph, J., & Ratner, C. (2013). The fruitless search for genes in psychiatry and psychology. In S. Krimsky & G. Gruber (Eds.) Genetic explanations (p. 96–97). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. См. также: Chaufan, C. (2007). How much can a large population study on genes, environments, and their interactions and common diseases contribute to the health of the American people? Social Science & Medicine , 65, 1730–1741.

Comfort, N. (29.01.2014). Genetic determinism: Why we never learn – and why it matters [Blog post] ( http://genotopia.scienceblog.com/387/genetic-determinism-why-we-never-learn-and-why-it-matters/).

Pearson, H. (2009). Human genetics: One gene, twenty years. Nature , 164–169, 460.

Amaral, M. D. (2015). Novel personalized therapies for cystic fibrosis: Treating the basic defect in all patients. Journal of Internal Medicine , 277, 155–166.

Цитата со с. 165 Pearson, H. (2009). Human genetics: One gene, twenty years. Nature , 460, 164–169.

О причинах медленных темпов развития методов лечения на основе генома см.: Palmer, B. (30.09.2013). Where are all the miracle drugs? Slate Magazine ( http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_genome/2013/09/human_genome_drugs_where_are_the_miracle_cures_from_genomics_did_the_genome.1.html); Wade, N. (12.06.2010). A decade later, genetic map yields few new cures. New York Times ( http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/13/health/research/13genome.html?_r=0).

Chapman, P. B., Hauschild, A., Robert, C., Haanen, J. B., Ascierto, P., Larkin, J., et al. (2011). Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. New England Journal of Medicine , 364, 2507–2516.

O’Brien, S. G. (2003). Imatinib compared with interferon and low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine , 348, 994–1004.

Rodin, J., & Langer, E. J. (1977). Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35, 897–902.

Ornish, D., Brown, S. E., Scherwitz, L. W., Billings, J. H., Armstrong, W. T., Ports, T. A., et al. (1990). Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. The Lancet , 129–133, 336.

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2002). Reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. New England Journal of Medicine , 346, 393–403.

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Creswell, J. D., Myers, H. F., Cole, S. W., & Irwin, M. R. (2009). Mindfulness meditation training effects on CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected adults: A small randomized controlled trial. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 23, 184–188.

Spiegel, D., Bloom, J. R., Kraemer, H. C., & Gottheil, E. (1989). Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. The Lancet , 334, 888–891; Goodwin, P. J., Leszcz, M., Ennis, M., Koopmans, J., Vincent, L., Guther, H., et al. (2001). The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine , 345, 1719–1726.

Kluger, J. (02.12.2010). Too many one-night stands? Blame your genes. Time ( http://healthland.time.com/2010/12/02/too-many-one-night-stands-blame-your-genes/); Firth, N., & Macrae, F. (03.12.2010). The Love-Cheat Gene: One in four born to be unfaithful, claim scientists. Daily Mail ( http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1334932/The-love-cheat-gene-One-born-unfaithful-claim-scientists.html).

Прекрасное обсуждение темы «ученых, которые обнаружили ген, отвечающий за…» приведено в лекции доктора Стива Джонса Nature or Nurture ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ksP34GYwbY).

Conrad, P. (2002). Genetics and behavior in the news: Dilemmas of a rising paradigm. In J. S. Alper, C. Ard, A. Asch, J. Beckwith, P. Conrad, & L. N. Geller (Eds.) The double-edged helix: Social implications of genetics in a diverse society . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; Landau, M. J., Meier, B. P., & Keefer, L. A. (2010). A metaphor-enriched social cognition . Psychological Bulletin , 136, 1045–1067.

О метафорах, применяемых для описания генов, см.: Condit, C. M. (1999). The meanings of the gene . Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press; Francis, R. C. (2011). Epigenetics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton; Sapolsky, R. (1997, Oct.). A gene for nothing. § 6. Discover ( http://discovermagazine.com/1997/oct/agenefornothing1242); Hubbard, R., & Wald, E. (1997). Exploding the gene myth: How genetic information is produced and manipulated by scientists, physicians, employers, insurance companies, educators and law enforcers . Boston, MA: Beacon Press; Keller, E. F. (2000). The century of the gene . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Изучение менделевской теории с большей вероятностью приводит к большему генетическому детерминизму, чем знакомство с концепциями о взаимодействии генов с окружающей средой (Radick, G. (2016). Teach students the biology of their time. Nature , 293, 533).

См.: Walker, I., & Read, J. (2002). The differential effectiveness of psychosocial and biogenetic causal explanations in reducing negative attitudes toward «mental illness». Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes , 65, 313–325; Boysen, G. A., & Gabreski, J. D. (2012). The effect of combined etiological information on attitudes about mental disorders associated with violent and nonviolent behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 31, 852–877; Cheung, B. Y., & Heine, S. J. (2016). Efforts to reduce essentialist responses to genetic accounts . Unpublished data. The University of British Columbia.

Ream, C., Cheung, B. Y., & Heine, S. J. (2016). The role of genetics education on genetic essentialism . Unpublished data. The University of British Columbia; Castéra, J., & Clément, P. (2014). Teachers’ conceptions about the genetic determinism of human behaviour: A survey in 23 countries. Science & Education , 23, 417–443.

Обзор литературы по теме см.: Nisbett, R. E. (2015). Mindware: Tools for smart thinking . New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Примеры см.: Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Austin, A. J., & Cox, W. T. L. (2012). Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 48, 1267–1278.

Несколько примеров приведены в изданиях: Beaman, A. L., Barnes, P. J., Klentz, B., & McQuirk, B. (1978). Increasing helping rates through informational dissemination: Teaching pays. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 4, 406–411; Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. (2005). Knowing is half the battle: Teaching stereotype threat as a means of improving women’s math performance. Psychological Science , 16, 175–179.