Александр Ли - Безобразный Ренессанс. Секс, жестокость, разврат в век красоты

5О памятных барельефах Филарете см. К. Lowe, «Representing» Africa: Ambassadors and Princes from Christian Africa to Italy and Portugal, 1402–1608», Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6/17 (2007): 101–128.

6Herodotus, Histories, 4.42-3. Перевод дается по изданию: Геродот. История / пер. Г. А. Стратановского, М., 1972.

7См. Е. М. Yamauchi, ed., Africa and Africans In Antiquity (East Lansing, 2001); L. A. Thompson and J. Ferguson, Africa In Classical Antiquity: Nine Studies (Ibadan, 1969).

8C. Klapisch-Zuber, «Women servants In Florence (fourteenth and fifteenth centuries)», In B. Hanawalt, ed., Women and Work In Preindustrial Europe (Bloomington, 1986), 56–80, p. 69.

9См. Slessarev, Prester John: the Letter and the Legend.

10См. G. R. Crone, ed., The Voyages ofCadamosto (London, 1937).

11Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 91.

12См. S. Tognetti, «The Trade In Black African Slaves In Fifteenth-Century Florence», In T. F. Earle and K. J. P. Lowe, eds., Black Africans In Renaissance Europe (Cambridge, 2005), 213–224, pp. 217–218.

13Ibid., 218.

14Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 95; J. Schorsch, Jews and Blacks In the Early Modern World (Cambridge, 2004), 17–49.

15См. превосходное исследование P. H. D. Kaplan, The Rise of the Black Magus In Western Art (Ann Arbor, 1985).

16См. P. H. D. Kaplan, «Isabella d’Este and black African women», In Earle and Lowe, eds., Black Africans In Renaissance Europe, 125–154.

17J. W. O’Malley, «Fulfilment of the Christian Golden Age under Pope Julius II: Text of a Discourse of Giles of Viterbo, 1507» Traditio 25 (1969): 265–338, esp. 323–325.

18См. T. Filesi, «Enrico, figlio del re del Congo, primo vescovo dellAfrica nero (1518)», Euntes Docete 19 (1966): 365–385; C-M. de Witte, «Henri de Congo, eveque titulaire d’Utique (+ c.1531), d’apres les documents romains», Euntes Docete 21 (1968): 587–599; F. Bontinck, «Ndoadidiki Ne-Kinu a Mumemba, premier eveque du Kongo (c.1495-c.1531)», Revue Africaine de Theologie 3 (1979): 149–169.

19Информацию по этой теме можно найти в статье N. Н. Minnich, «The Catholic Church and the pastoral care of black Africans In Renaissance Italy», In Earle and Lowe, eds., Black Africans In Renaissance Europe , 280–300.

20Ibid., 296.

21См. L. M. Mariani, San Benedetto da Palermo, II того Etiope, nato a S. Fratello (Palermo, 1989); G. Fiume and M. Modica, eds., San Benedetto II того: santita, agiog-rafia eprimiprocessi di canonizzazione (Palermo, 1998).

22K. Lowe, «The stereotyping of black Africans In Renaissance Europe», In Earle and Lowe, eds., Black Africans In Renaissance Europe, 17–47, p. 34.

23Ibid., 33.

24Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier, I; trans. Bull, 96.

25О происхождении Алессандро см. J. Brackett, «Race and rulership: Alessandro de Medici, first Medici duke of Florence, 1529–1537», в книге Earle and Lowe, eds., Black Africans In Renaissance Europe, 303–325.

26Цитируется в книге Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 94.

27Ibid.

28J. – P. Rubies, «Giovanni di Buonagrazias letter to his father concerning his participation In the second expedition of Vasco da Gama», Mare liberum 16 (1998): 87-112, here 107; цитируется в статье Lowe, «The stereotyping of black Africans», 28.

29Crone, ed., The Voyages of Cadamosto, 89.

30Lowe, «The stereotyping of black Africans», 35.

1Marco Polo, Travels, trans. Latham, 243–244; см. также Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 24–27.

2R. H. Fuson, Legendary Islands of the Ocean Sea (Sarasota, 1995), 118–119.

3G. Moore, «La spedizione dei fratelli Vivaldi e nuovi documenti darchivio», Atti della Societa Figure di Storia Patria, new ser., 12 (1972): 387–400.

4C. Verlinden, «Lanzarotto Malocello et la decouverte portugaise des Canaries», Revue beige de philologie et d’histoire 36 (1958): 1173–1209; Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, esp. 33–39.

5См. Fernandez-Armesto, Before Columbus.

6См. J. H. Parry, The Age of Reconnaissance: Discovery, Exploration and Settlement, 1450–1650, newed. (London, 2000), 146–148.

7Burckhardt, The Civilisation of the Renaissance In Italy, 184.

8Burke, The European Renaissance, 210.

9M. Pastore Stocchi, «II De Canaria boccaccesco e un «locus deperditus» nel De Insulis di Domenico Silvestri», Rinsascimento 10 (1959): 153–156; подробное обсуждение этого текста можно найти в книге Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 36–41; D. Abulafia, «Neolithic meets medieval: first encounters In the Canary Islands», In D. Abulafia and N. Berend, eds., Medieval Frontiers: Concepts and Practices (Aldershot, 2002), 255–278.

10Petrarch, De vita solitaria, Z II, vi, 3; P II, xi; Prose, 522–524.

11См. R. Williams, The American Indian In Western Legal Thought: the Discourses of Conquest (Oxford and New York, 1990), 71–72.

12Цитируется в книге Burke, The European Renaissance, 210.

13Истории всех троих – Колумба, Веспуччи и Вераццано – можно найти в книге L. Firpo, ed., Prime relazioni di navigatori Italiani sulla scoperta delVAmerica. Colombo – Vespucci – Verazzano (Turin, 1966).

14О Тосканелли см. S. Y. Edgerton, Jr., «Florentine Interest In Ptolemaic Cartography as Background for Renaissance Painting, Architecture, and the Discovery of America», Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 33/4 (1974): 275–292. Карта Контарини-Росселли, единственный сохранившийся экземпляр которой хранится в Британской библиотеке, является первой известной картой, на которой показаны обе Америки.

15См. Н. Hofmann, «La scoperta del nuovo mondo nella poesia neolatina: I «Colum-beidos libri priores duo» di Giulio Cesare Stella», Columbeis III (Genoa, 1988), 71–94, «Aeneas In Amerika: De «Columbeis» van Julius Caesar Stella», Hermeneus 64 (1992): 315–322.

16См. D. Turner, «Forgotten Treasure from the Indies: The Illustrations and Drawings of Fernandez de Oviedo», Huntington Library Quarterly 48/1 (1985): 1-46.

17Burke, The European Renaissance, 212; G. 0\mi,L4nventario del mondo: catalogazione della natura e luoghi del sapere nella prima eta moderna (Bologna, 1992), 211–252.

18Hunt and Murray, A History of Business, 181, 221.

19Goldthwaite, Economy of Renaissance Florence, 159.

20Ibid., 146.

21Ibid., 159–160; V. Rau, «Urn grande mercador-banqueiro Italiano em Portugal: Lucas Giraldi», In V. Rau, Estudos de historia (Lisbon, 1968), 75-129.

22S. Greenblatt, «Foreword», In F. Lestringant, Mapping the Renaissance World (Berkeley, 1994), xi.

23Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 14–18.

24Ibid., 36–41.

25Petrarch, De vita solitaria, Z II, vi, 3; P II, xi; Prose, 524; trans. Zeitlin, 267.

26J. Muldoon, Popes, Lawyers and Infidels: the Church and the Non-Christian World, 1250–1500 (Liverpool, 1979), 121; q. at Abulafia, The Discovery of Mankind, 86–87.

27Оригинальный текст приводится в книге Firpo, ed., Prime relazioni di navigatori Italiani , 88; trans. from Brown, The Renaissance , 122.

28Ibid.

1Leon Battista Alberti, De pictura, 1.19; ed, C. Grayson (Rome, 1975), 55.

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