Сьюзен Бауэр - История Средневекового мира. От Константина до первых Крестовых походов
- Название:История Средневекового мира. От Константина до первых Крестовых походов
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Сьюзен Бауэр - История Средневекового мира. От Константина до первых Крестовых походов краткое содержание
Не просто сухие факты, но и подробный и яркий рассказ о внешней и внутренней политике государств Средневековья, о религии и ее роли в повседневной жизни и системе управления.
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8. Ibid., p. 237.
9. Ibid., p. 237.
10. Ibid., p. 245.
11. John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2, pp. 422–425; William of Malmesbury, pp. 239–241; Swanton, p. 118.
12. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 34–35, 45–46; Ornolfur Thorsson, ed.,
The Sagas of the Icelanders: A Selection (2001), p. 9.
13. Thorsson, p. 9.
14. Jones, History of the Vikings, p. 279.
15. Ibid., p. 95.
16. Thorsson, p. 81.
17. Sturluson, p. 104.
18. Ibid., p. 113.
19. Thorsson, p. 654.
20. Ibid., p. 655.
21. Sturluson, p. 140.
22. William of Malmesbury, p. 273.
23. John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2, p. 425.
24. Sturluson, p. 141.
25. Ibid., pp. 214–215.
26. Henry of Huntingdon, The Chronicle of Henry of Huntingdon, trans. Thomas Forester (1853), p. 183.
27. Swanton, p. 135 n. 9.
28. Ian Howard, Swein Forkbeard’s Invasions and the Danish Conquest of England, 991-1017 (2003), pp. 62–63.
29. Swanton, p. 143.
30. Ibid., pp. 143–145; William of Malmesbury, pp. 302–303.
Глава 70. Крещение Руси
1. Toynbee, pp. 10–11.
2. Mark Whittow, The Making of Byzantium, 600-1025 (1996), pp. 321–322.
3. Ibn Fadlan, Ibn Fadlan’s Journey to Russia, trans. Richard N. Frye (2005), pp. 64–65.
4. Ibid., pp. 68–70; Franklin and Shepard, pp. 44–45.
5. Jones, History of the Vikings, p. 260.
6. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 68.
7. Leo the Deacon, p. 156.
8. Wladyslaw Duczko, Viking Rus (2004), pp. 214–215.
9. Toynbee, pp. 499–505; Whittow, pp. 258–259.
10. B. J. Kidd, Documents Illustrative of the History of the Church, vol. 3 (1920), p. 103.
11. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 84.
12. Vasiliev, p. 302.
13. Leo the Deacon, pp. 58, 82.
14. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285.
15. Leo the Deacon, p. 83.
16. Ostrogorsky, pp. 284–285; Leo the Deacon, pp. 85–86.
17. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 87. Хронология этих событий не полностью ясна, здесь приведена лишь одна из нескольких вероятных реконструкций. См. также: Whittow, рр. 260–261, and Ostrogorsky, pp. 292–293.
18. Leo the Deacon, pp. 136–141.
19. Ibid., p. 147.
20. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 90.
21. Jones, History of the Vikings, pp. 262–263.
22. Cross and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, p. 113.
23. Ibid., pp. 97–98, 116
24. Ibid., p. 117.
Глава 71. Священный римский император
1. Simon of Keza, Gesta Hungarorum, trans. Laszlo Veszpremy and Frank Schaer (1999), p. 91.
2. Ibid., p. 93; Paul Lendvai, The Hungarians, trans. Ann Major (2003), pp. 27–28.
3. Uta-Renate Blumenthal, The Investiture Controversy (1988), p 39.
4. Thatcher and McNeal, pp. 116–117. Присяга была фактически принята дважды, в 961 ив 962 годах.
5. J. N. D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (1986), pp. 126–127.
6. Susan Wood, The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West (2006), pp. 16–17.
7. Book of Acts 8: 18–24.
8. Wood, p. 299.
9. Thatcher and McNeal, p. 118.
10. Kelly, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, p. 127.
11. Timothy Reuter and Rosamond McKitterick, eds., The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 3 (1999), p. 254.
12. Thietmar of Merseburg, Ottoman Germany (2001), pp. 126–127; Reuter and McKitterick, p.
13. Thietmar of Merseburg, p. 149.
14. Ibid., p. 150; Gerd Althoff, Otto III (2003), pp. 33–34.
15. Althoff, pp. 38–39.
16. F. L. Ganshof, Feudalism, trans. Philip Grierson (1996), pp. 3–9.
17. Thatcher and McNeal, p. 412.
18. Blumenthal, p. 11.
Глава 72. Перипетии Священной войны
1. Кеау, р. 204; Satish Chandra, Medieval India (2000), p. 17.
2. Sircar, pp. 290–291.
3. Quoted in Ray, p. 81.
4. Quoted in Keay, pp. 204–205.
5. Abu al-Nasr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Utbi, Kitab-i-Yamini, trans. James Reynolds (1858), pp. 23–24, 33.
6. Ibid., p. 39; Keay, p. 206.
7. Quoted in Elliot and Dowson, pp. 26–27; Chandra, p. 17.
8. Chandra, p. 18.
9. Ibid., p. 19.
10. Romesh Chunder Dutt, A History of Civilisation in Ancient India (2000), pp. 325–326.
11. Ibn Fadlan, pp. 37–38.
12. James Heitzman, Gifts of Power (1997), p. 6; Keay, p. 216; E. Hultzsch and H. Krishna Sastri, Miscellaneous Inscriptions from the Tamil Country (1899), «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 84.
13. Pechilis Premiss, pp. 100–101, 104.
14. Hultzsch and Sastri, «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 87, 96–97.
15. Ronald Findlay and Kevin H. O’Rourke, Power and Plenty (2007), p. 68; Hultzsch and Sastri, «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 92.
16. Hultzsch and Sastri, «Tiruvalangadu Copper-Plates», v. 98, v. 112.
17. Heitzman, pp. 6-10.
18. Sen, p. 44.
Глава 73. Василий Болгаробойца
1. Michael Psellus, Fourteen Byzantine Rulers, trans. E. R. A. Sewter (1966), p. 27.
2. John Van Antwerp Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans (1983), p. 189.
3. Ostrogorsky, p. 301.
4. Psellus, pp. 31, 35.
5. Franklin and Shepard, pp. 162–163; Psellus, p. 35.
6. Psellus, p. 43.
7. Ibid., pp. 40, 43–44, 46.
8. Ostrogorsky, pp. 309–310; Curta, pp. 244–245.
9. Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, vol. 2 (1974), pp. 26–27.
10. Karen Armstrong, Jerusalem (1996), pp. 258–259.
11. Whittow, р. 381; Farhad Daftary, A Short History of the Ismailis (1998), pp. 101, 185.
12. R. J. Crampton, A Concise History of Bulgaria (1997), pp. 21–22.
13. Armstrong, Jerusalem, pp. 259–260; Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol., 2 pp. 26–27.
Глава 74. Защита мандата
1. Peter Lorge, War, Politics and Society in Early Modem China (2005), p. 32.
2. Karl F. Olsson, «The Structure of Power under the Third Emperor of Sung China» (1974), pp. 26–27.
3. Twitchett et ah, p. 99.
4. Van de Ven, p. 185.
5. Twitchett et ah, p. 99.
6. Peter Kees Bol, «This Culture of Ours»(1992), p. 55.
7. Lorge, pp. 33–34; Bol, pp. 51–52, 55.
8. Chuanjing Ding and Chu Djang, A Compilation of Anecdotes of Sung Personalities, trans, by Zhang Chu and Zhu Zhang (1989), p. 23.
9. Van de Ven, p. 189.
10. Jinsheng Tao, Two Sons of Heaven (1988), pp. 15–16.
11. Edward L. Davis, Society and the Supernatural in Song China (2001), p. 68.
12. Shepard Krech et ah, Encyclopedia of World Environmental History, vol. 2 (2004), p. 602.
13. Paludan, p. 130.
14. Joseph Needham and Cunxun Qian, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5 (1985), p. 97.
Глава 75. Новая земля
1. Thorsson, pp. 637–638.
2. Ibid., pp. 638–641.
3. Ibid., p. 639.
4. Ibid., pp. 644–645.
5. Ibid., p. 647.
6. Ibid., pp. 648, 670; Helge Ingstad and Anne Stine Ingstad, The Viking Discovery of America (2001), p. 48.
7. Alice Beck Kehoe, America Before the European Invasions (2002), p. 1.
8. Stuart J. Fiedel, Prehistory of the Americas (1987), pp. 152–153, 156–157; Kehoe, p. 102.
9. Fiedel, pp. 237, 254–257; Kehoe, pp. 175–177.
10. Kehoe, pp. 148–150; Fiedel, pp. 214–217.
11. Adams, p. 63.
12. Ibid., pp. 63–65.
13. Hans J. Prem, The Ancient Americas (1997), pp. 18–19; Robert J. Sharer and Sylvanus Griswold Morley, The Ancient Maya, 5th ed. (1994), pp. 471–472; Nicholas J. Saunders, Ancient Americas (2004), p. 84.
14. Adams, p. 79; Saunders, Ancient Americas, p. 48.
15. H. B. Nicholson, Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl (2001), pp. 250–251.
16. Prem, pp. 21–22; Adams, pp. 68–69; Saunders, Ancient Americas, p. 79.
17. Nicholson, pp. 10–11.
18. Prem, p. 24; Adams, p. 73.
19. Adams, p. 75.
Глава 76. Схизма
1. James Muldoon, Empire and Order (1999), pp. 34–35.
2. Alexander Clarence Flick, The Rise of the Mediaeval Church and Its Influence on the Civilisation of Western Europe from the First to the Thirteenth Century (1909), p. 403.
3. Althoff, p.72.
4. Flick, p. 404; Althoff, pp. 73–79.
5. Kelly, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, pp. 27–28.
6. Несколько сокращенно из: Thatcher and McNeal, pp. 119–120.
7. Thietmar of Merseburg, p. 187; Althoff, pp. 127–129.
8. Blumenthal, p. 42.
9. Ibid., p. 43.
10. Christopher Brooke, Europe in the Central Middle Ages, 962-1154, 2d ed. (1987), p. 227.
11. Robert Warrand Carlyle and A. J. Carlyle, A History of Mediaeval Political Theory in the West (1915), pp. 146, 164, 228; Brooke, p. 229.
12. Flick, p. 408.
13. Brooke, p. 231; Karle Натре, Germany under the Salian and Hohenstaufen Emperors, trans. Ralph Bennett (1973), pp. 43–45.
14. Натре, p. 47.
15. Stefan Weinfurter, The Salian Century (1999), p. 101.
16. Flick, p. 410; F. Donald Logan, A History of the Church in the Middle Ages (2002), pp. 102–103.
17. Thatcher and McNeal, pp. 121–122.
18. Ibid., p. 122.
19. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad of Anna Comnena, trans. E. R. A. Sewter (1969), 1.10–11.
20. William of Apulia, «Gesta Roberti Wiscardi», book 2, in G. H. Pertz et ah, Chronica et annales aevi Salici (1963).
21. Goffredo Malaterra, The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of His Brother Duke Robert Guiscard, trans. Kenneth Baxter Wolf (2005), book 1.
22. William of Apulia, book 2, in Pertz et al.
23. Henry Chadwick, East and West (2003), pp. 206–207, 211–213.
24. Horst Fuhrmann, Germany in the High Middle Ages, c. 1050–1200, trans. Timothy Reuter (1986), p. 55.
Глава 77. Господство данов
1. Howard, pp. 126, 133.
2. Henry of Huntingdon, p. 192; Swanton, p. 145.
3. Henry of Huntingdon, p. 195.
4. Swanton, p. 152; William of Malmesbury, p. 317.
5. Swanton, p. 153.
6. John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2, p. 503.
7. Swanton, pp. 157–159.
8. Ibid., p. 159.
9. Peter Rex, Harold II (2005), pp. 26–27; Swanton, p. 158.
10. Encomium Emmae Reginae, trans. Alistair Campbell (1998), p. xxxiv.
11. Swanton, p. 160.
12. Benjamin T. Hudson, Prophecy of Berchdn (1996), pp. 223–224.
13. Swanton, pp. 160–162.
Глава 78. Норманнское завоевание
1. David Howarth, 1066 (1977), p. 34; John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2 p. 535.
2. William of Malmesbury, p. 353.
3. Henry of Huntingdon, p. 202; William of Malmesbury, p. 353.
4. Henry of Huntingdon, p. 202.
5. William of Malmesbury, p. 353; John of Worcester, Chronicles, vol. 2, pp. 570–571.
6. Howarth, pp. 67–68, 74–75.
7. Swanton, pp. 194–195.
8. Swanton, p. 196.
9. Howarth, pp. 127–129; Rex, pp. 217–219.
10. Howarth, pp. 134–135.
11. Henry of Huntingdon, p. 209.
12. Swanton, pp. 198–199.
Глава 79. Короли Испании
1. Watt, pp. 81–82; Abd Allah b. Buluggin, The Tibyan, trans. Amin T. Tibi (1986), p. 43.
2. Abd Allah b. Buluggin, p 43; Watt, p. 82.
3. Hugh Kennedy, «Muslim Spain and Portugal», in David Luscome and Jonathan Riley-Smith, eds., The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 4 (2004), p. 599.
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