Мойзес Веласкес-Манофф - Эпидемия стерильности

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История Эрики фон Мутиус основана на интервью. См. также: Rob Hyde. “Erika von Mutius: Reshaping the Landscape of Asthma Research”. Lancet 372, № 9643 (2008).

Подобно Дэвиду Стрэкану, фон Мутиус пришла к выводу, что старшие сестры и братья защищают младших от аллергии. T. Nicolai, E. von Mutius. “Respiratory Hypersensitivity and Environmental Factors: East and West Germany”. Toxicology Letters 86, nos. 2–3 (1996); E. von Mutius et al. “Prevalence of Asthma and Allergic Disorders Among Children in United Germany: A Descriptive Comparison”. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) 305, № 6866 (1992).

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Даже в тех случаях, когда ведение сельского хозяйства не обеспечивало защиту от аллергии, причины были весьма познавательными. На Крите фермеры, занимавшиеся животноводством, страдали аллергией в той же степени, что и другие люди, жившие в непосредственной близости. В обеих группах астма отмечалась в два раза реже, чем у городских жителей Крита. Однако в средиземноморском климате животные целый год оставались на улице, что ограничивало непосредственные контакты с ними, характерные для сараев и коровников в умеренном климате Швейцарии и Германии. В Новой Зеландии ведение животноводческого хозяйства не только не защищало, но и немного повышало риск развития аллергии. Однако новозеландские фермеры чаще всего разводили овец. Какими бы ни были причины, овцы не защищали от аллергии; при этом они также оставались на улице круглый год. Тесные контакты с овцами были ограничены. Тем не менее даже в Новой Зеландии потребление йогурта и непастеризованного молока (а также непосредственные контакты с животными, дающими молоко) сокращало вероятность развития аллергии на две трети. K. Wickens et al. “Farm Residence and Exposures and the Risk of Allergic Diseases in New Zealand Children”. Allergy 57, № 12 (2002); M. Barnes et al. “Crete: Does Farming Explain Urban and Rural Differences in Atopy?” Clinical and Experimental Allergy 31, № 12 (2001).

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