Мойзес Веласкес-Манофф - Эпидемия стерильности

Annie M. Paul. Origins: How the Nine Months Before Birth Shape the Rest of Our Lives. New York: Free Press, 2010, 218.

Эта мысль позаимствована у Мартина Блейзера и Стэнли Фолкоу.

От греч. eremites — «затворник, отшельник». Уилсон использует этот термин в разных трудах . Прим. пер.

E. O. Wilson. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. New York: Vintage Books, 1999, 321.

Их историю см.: B. Marshall. “Helicobacter pylori — a Nobel Pursuit?” Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, № 11 (2008).

Mohammed M. Khalifa, Radwa R. Sharaf, Ramy K. Aziz. “Helicobacter pylori: A Poor Man’s Gut Pathogen?” Gut Pathogens 2, № 1 (2010).

Например, в 90-х годах носителями H. pylori были три четверти граждан Южной Кореи, но эта бактерия не заражала всех корейцев в равной мере. H. pylori обнаруживали более чем у 40% детей из бедных корейских семей и только у 12% детей из семей со средним и высоким уровнем доходов. В США имела место такая же закономерность, но она распространялась на расовые и этнические группы. В Хьюстоне афроамериканцы и иммигранты из числа латиноамериканцев в два раза чаще становились носителями H. pylori , чем белые. См.: H. M. Malaty et al. “Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Korean Children: Inverse Relation to Socioeconomic Status despite a Uniformly High Prevalence in Adults”. American Journal of Epidemiology 143, № 3 (1996); D. Y. Graham et al. “Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in an Asymptomatic Population in the United States. Effect of Age, Race, and Socioeconomic Status”. Gastroenterology 100, № 6 (1991).

J. E. Tomas et al. “Early Helicobacter pylori Colonisation: The Association with Growth Faltering in the Gambia”. Archives of Disease in Childhood 89, № 12 (2004).

M. J. Blaser. “The Bacteria Behind Ulcers”. Scientific American 274, № 2 (1996).

Sam M. Mbulaiteye, Michie Hisada, Emad M. El-Omar. “Helicobacter pylori Associated Global Gastric Cancer Burden”. Frontiers in Bioscience 14 (2009).

См.: Ondek Biologic Delivery Systems. http://www.ondek.com/.

A. Nomura et al. “Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Carcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii”. New England Journal of Medicine 325, № 16 (1991).

M. J. Blaser et al. “Infection with Helicobacter pylori Strains Possessing CagA Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach”. Cancer Research 55, № 10 (1995).

J. E. Richter, G. W. Falk, M. F. Vaezi. “Helicobacter pylori and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: The Bug May Not Be All Bad”. American Journal of Gastroenterology 93, № 10 (1998).

J. Powell, C. C. McConkey. “The Rising Trend in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma and Gastric Cardia”. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1, № 3 (1992).

J. J. Vicari et al. “The Seroprevalence of CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori Strains in the Spectrum of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease”. Gastroenterology 115, № 1 (1998).

Chandrabali Ghose et al. “East Asian Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori Strains in Amerindians Provide Evidence for Its Ancient Human Carriage”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, № 23 (2002).

Daniel Falush et al. “Traces of Human Migrations in Helicobacter pylori Populations”. Science 299, № 5612 (2003).

Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Martin J. Blaser. “The Human Microbiota as a Marker for Migrations of Individuals and Populations”. Annual Review of Anthropology 40 (2011).

Bodo Linz et al. “An African Origin for the Intimate Association between Humans and Helicobacter pylori”. Nature 445, № 7130 (2007).

Yu Chen, Martin J. Blaser. “Inverse Associations of Helicobacter pylori with Asthma and Allergy”. Archives of Internal Medicine 167, № 8 (2007); J. Reibman et al. “Asthma Is Inversely Associated with Helicobacter pylori Status in an Urban Population”. PLoS ONE 3, № 12 (2008); Yu Chen, Martin J. Blaser. “Helicobacter pylori Colonization Is Inversely Associated with Childhood Asthma”. Journal of Infectious Diseases 198, № 4 (2008).

T. U. Kosunen et al. “Increase of Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E Antibodies from 1973 to 1994 in a Finnish Population and a Possible Relationship to Helicobacter pylori Infections”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 32, № 3 (2002).

Anne McCune et al. “Reduced Risk of Atopic Disorders in Adults with Helicobacter pylori Infection”. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 15, № 6 (2003); Olf Herbarth et al. “Helicobacter pylori Colonisation and Eczema”. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 61, № 7 (2007); Shigeyoshi Imamura et al. “Inverse Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Allergic Rhinitis in Young Japanese”. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 25, № 7 (2010).

David Y. Graham, Yoshio Yamaoka, Hoda M. Malaty. “Contemplating the Future without Helicobacter pylori and the Dire Consequences Hypothesis”. Helicobacter 12, Suppl. 2 (2007).

S. M. Raj et al. “Evidence Against Helicobacter pylori Being Related to Childhood Asthma”. Journal of Infectious Diseases 199, № 6 (2009).

K. Robinson et al. “Helicobacter pylori-induced Peptic Ulcer Disease Is Associated with Inadequate Regulatory T-cell Responses”. Gut 57, № 10 (2008).

Эта работа не опубликована, а представлена в форме доклада. D. P. Letley et al. “Helicobacter pylori-induced Protection from Allergy Is Associated with Peripheral Blood Regulatory Cells” // Regulatory T-cells in Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases: New Horizons for Old Friends. Kennedy Lecture Theater, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, 2010.

A. Amberbir et al. “Effects of Helicobacter pylori, Geohelminth Infection and Selected Commensal Bacteria on the Risk of Allergic Disease and Sensitization in 3-Year-Old Ethiopian Children”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 41, № 10 (2011).

Isabelle C. Arnold et al. “Tolerance Rather Tan Immunity Protects from Helicobacter pylori-induced Gastric Preneoplasia”. Gastroenterology 140, № 1 (2011); Isabelle C. Arnold et al. “Helicobacter pylori Infection Prevents Allergic Asthma in Mouse Models Trough the Induction of Regulatory T-cells”. Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011).

C. Holcombe. “Helicobacter pylori: The African Enigma”. Gut 33, № 4 (1992).

Более подробную информацию о специфике иммунного ответа на H. pylori в развивающихся странах см.: Sam M. Mbulaiteye et al. “H. pylori-infection and Antibody Immune Response in a Rural Tanzanian Population”. Infectious Agents and Cancer 1 (2006); H. M. Mitchell et al. “Major Differences in the IgG Subclass Response to Helicobacter pylori in the First and Third Worlds”. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 37, № 5 (2002).

K. A. Terio et al. “Comparison of Helicobacter spp. In Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with and without Gastritis”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, № 1 (2005).

Amnon Sonnenberg. “Differences in the Birth Cohort Patterns of Gastric Cancer and Peptic Ulcer”. Gut 59, № 6 (2010).

«Все то, что выброшено из человеческого тела, является нечистым и сразу же становится опасным для жизни человека», — писала санитарный инспектор Мэри Армстронг в 1878 году. Такие мысли, характерные для новой культурной одержимости опрятностью и чистотой, получили распространение в конце XVIII столетия. Возможно, новые моральные устои начали менять пути передачи H. pylori еще до того, как это сделала канализация, чистая вода и общественная гигиена. См.: G. H. Pelto, Y. Zhang, J. P. Habicht. “Premastication: The Second Arm of Infant and Young Child Feeding for Health and Survival?” Maternal & Child Nutrition 6, № 1 (2010).

J. G. Fox et al. “Concurrent Enteric Helminth Infection Modulates Inflammation and Gastric Immune Responses and Reduces Helicobacter-Induced Gastric Atrophy”. Nature Medicine 6, № 5 (2000); Mark T. Whary et al. “Intestinal Helminthiasis in Colombian Children Promotes a T2 Response to Helicobacter pylori: Possible Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis”. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 14, № 6 (2005).

Sharon Perry et al. “Infection with Helicobacter pylori Is Associated with Protection Against Tuberculosis”. PLoS ONE 5, № 1 (2010).

D. Cohen et al. “An Inverse and Independent Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Incidence of Shigellosis and Other Diarrheal Diseases”. Clinical Infectious Diseases (2011).

Mieczysław Wender. “Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis”. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska 37, № 1 (2003); Wei Li et al. “Helicobacter pylori Infection Is a Potential Protective Factor Against Conventional Multiple Sclerosis in the Japanese Population”. Journal of Neuroimmunology 184, nos. 1–2 (2007); Amr H. Sawalha et al. “Association between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Helicobacter pylori Seronegativity”. Journal of Rheumatology 31, № 8 (2004); Yoshihiro Matsukawa et al. “Exacerbation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Following Helicobacter pylori Eradication: Disruption of Established Oral Tolerance Against Heat Shock Protein?” Medical Hypotheses 64, № 1 (2005); Ai Tada et al. “Eradication of Helicobacter pylori May Trigger Onset of Type 1 Diabetes: A Case Report”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150 (2008); Antonio Tursi. “Onset of Crohn’s Disease After Helicobacter pylori Eradication”. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 12, № 10 (2006); W. Li et al. “Association of Anti-Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Antibody Response with Anti-aquaporin-4 Autoimmunity in Japanese Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica”. Multiple Sclerosis 15, № 12 (2009).