Мойзес Веласкес-Манофф - Эпидемия стерильности

S. L. Young et al. “Environmental Strains of Mycobacterium avium Interfere with Immune Responses Associated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination”. Infection and Immunity 75, № 6 (2007).

Джессика Снайдер Сакс. Микробы хорошие и плохие. Наше здоровье и выживание в мире бактерий. М.: АСТ, 2015.

P. D. Arkwright, T. J. David. “Effect of Mycobacterium vaccae on Atopic Dermatitis in Children of Different Ages”. British Journal of Dermatology 149, № 5 (2003).

Claudia Zuany-Amorim et al. “Suppression of Airway Eosinophilia by Killed Mycobacterium vaccae-induced Allergen-Specific Regulatory T-cells”. Nature Medicine 8, № 6 (2002); J. R. F. Hunt et al. “Intragastric Administration of Mycobacterium vaccae Inhibits Severe Pulmonary Allergic Inflammation in a Mouse Model”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 35, № 5 (2005).

Информацию об исследованиях, в ходе которых были подтверждены защитные свойства неочищенной воды, см.: Carsten Flohr et al. “Poor Sanitation and Helminth Infection Protect against Skin Sensitization in Vietnamese Children: A Cross-sectional Study”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 118, № 6 (2006).

T. Laatikainen et al. “Allergy Gap between Finnish and Russian Karelia on Increase”. Allergy 66, № 7 (2011); Anita Kondrashova et al. “A Six-fold Gradient in the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes at the Eastern Border of Finland”. Annals of Medicine 37, № 1 (2005); Anita Kondrashova et al. “Lower Economic Status and Inferior Hygienic Environment May Protect Against Celiac Disease”. Annals of Medicine 40, № 3 (2008).

Hanna Viskari et al. “Circulating Vitamin D Concentrations in Two Neighboring Populations with Markedly Different Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes”. Diabetes Care 29, № 6 (2006).

Erkki Vartiainen et al. “Allergic Diseases, Skin Prick Test Responses, and IgE Levels in North Karelia, Finland, and the Republic of Karelia, Russia”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109, № 4 (2002).

Leena C. von Hertzen et al. “Infectious Burden as a Determinant of Atopy: A Comparison Between Adults in Finnish and Russian Karelia”. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 140, № 2 (2006).

L. von Hertzen et al. “Microbial Content of Drinking Water in Finnish and Russian Karelia: Implications for Atopy Prevalence”. Allergy 62, № 3 (2007).

L. von Hertzen et al. “Risk of Atopy Associated with Microbial Components in House Dust”. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 104, № 3 (2010).

Harri Alenius et al. “Contrasting Immunological Effects of Two Disparate Dusts: Preliminary Observations”. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 149, № 1 (2009).

Markus Johannes Ege et al. “Not All Farming Environments Protect Against the Development of Asthma and Wheeze in Children”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, № 5 (2007).

Leonid Gorelik et al. “Modulation of Dendritic Cell Function by Cowshed Dust Extract”. Innate Immunity 14, № 6 (2008); M. Peters et al. “Inhalation of Stable Dust Extract Prevents Allergen Induced Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness”. Torax 61, № 2 (2006).

Marcus Peters et al. “Arabinogalactan Isolated from Cowshed Dust Extract Protects Mice from Allergic Airway Inflammation and Sensitization”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 126, № 3 (2010).

Markus J. Ege et al. “Exposure to Environmental Microorganisms and Childhood Asthma”. New England Journal of Medicine 364, № 8 (2011); Robert Teodoor van Strien et al. “Microbial Exposure of Rural School Children, as Assessed by Levels of N-acetyl-muramic Acid in Mattress Dust, and Its Association with Respiratory Health”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 113, № 5 (2004).

Caroline Roduit et al. “Prenatal Animal Contact and Gene Expression of Innate Immunity Receptors at Birth Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127, № 1 (2011).

Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma. Ege M. J., Mayer M., Normand A. C., Genuneit J., Cookson W. O., Braun-Fahrländer C., Heederik D., Piarroux R., von Mutius E.; Gabriela Transregio 22 Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011 Feb 24; 364 (8): 701–709. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1007302 . Прим. науч. ред.

В ходе этого исследования было выполнено также сравнение Польши со Швецией и Эстонией. Чувствительность к аллергенам имела место у каждого шестого поляка. L. Bråbäck et al. “Risk Factors for Respiratory Symptoms and Atopic Sensitisation in the Baltic Area”. Archives of Disease in Childhood 72, № 6 (1995).

B. Björkstén et al. “The Intestinal Microflora in Allergic Estonian and Swedish 2-Year-Old Children”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 29, № 3 (1999); E. Sepp et al. “Intestinal Microflora of Estonian and Swedish Infants”. Acta Paediatrica 86, № 9 (1997).

R. Bennet et al. “Intestinal Bacteria of Newborn Ethiopian Infants in Relation to Antibiotic Treatment and Colonisation by Potentially Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria”. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 23, № 1 (1991); I. Adlerberth et al. “Intestinal Colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish Hospital-delivered Infants”. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 80, nos. 6–7 (1991).

B. Björkstén et al. “Allergy Development and the Intestinal Microflora During the First Year of Life”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 108, № 4 (2001).

M. Kalliomaki et al. “Distinct Patterns of Neonatal Gut Microflora in Infants in Whom Atopy Was and Was Not Developing”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 107, № 1 (2001).

M. M. Grönlund et al. “Importance of Intestinal Colonisation in the Maturation of Humoral Immunity in Early Infancy: A Prospective Follow-up Study of Healthy Infants Aged 0–6 Months”. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition 83, № 3 (2000); A. E. Wold. “The Hygiene Hypothesis Revised: Is the Rising Frequency of Allergy Due to Changes in the Intestinal Flora?” Allergy 53, № 46 Suppl. (1998).

M. F. Böttcher et al. “Endotoxin Levels in Estonian and Swedish House Dust and Atopy in Infancy”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 33, № 3 (2003).

Более подробное описание этой концепции см.: I. Adlerberth, A. E. Wold. “Establishment of the Gut Microbiota in Western Infants”. Acta Paediatrica 98, № 2 (2009).

K. Julge, M. Vasar, B. Björkstén. “Development of Allergy and IgE Antibodies during the First Five Years of Life in Estonian Children”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 31, № 12 (2001).

M. F. Böttcher et al. “Cytokine Responses to Allergens during the First 2 Years of Life in Estonian and Swedish Children”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 36, № 5 (2006).

Sara Tomicić et al. “Breast Milk Cytokine and IgA Composition Differ in Estonian and Swedish Mothers: Relationship to Microbial Pressure and Infant Allergy”. Pediatric Research 68, № 4 (2010).

M. F. Böttcher et al. “Low Breast Milk TGF-beta2 Is Induced by Lactobacillus reuteri Supplementation and Associates with Reduced Risk of Sensitization During Infancy”. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 19, № 6 (2008).

Vibeke Rosenfeldt et al. “Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains in Children with Atopic Dermatitis”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 111, № 2 (2003).

Marko Kalliomäki et al. “Probiotics during the First 7 Years of Life: A Cumulative Risk Reduction of Eczema in a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, № 4 (2007).

Matthias Volkmar Kopp et al. “Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Probiotics for Primary Prevention: No Clinical Effects of Lactobacillus GG Supplementation”. Pediatrics 121, № 4 (2008).

Angie L. Taylor, Janet A. Dunstan, Susan L. Prescott. “Probiotic Supplementation for the First 6 Months of Life Fails to Reduce the Risk of Atopic Dermatitis and Increases the Risk of Allergen Sensitization in High-Risk Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, № 1 (2007).

Mei Wang et al. “Reduced Diversity in the Early Fecal Microbiota of Infants with Atopic Eczema”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 121, № 1 (2008); Y. M. Sjögren et al. “Altered Early Infant Gut Microbiota in Children Developing Allergy Up to 5 Years of Age”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 39, № 4 (2009).

Anna Sandin et al. “High Salivary Secretory IgA Antibody Levels Are Associated with Less Late-onset Wheezing in IgE-sensitized Infants”. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2011).

L. A. M. Smit et al. “Atopy and New-onset Asthma in Young Danish Farmers and CD14, TLR2, and TLR4 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Nested Case-control Study”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 37, № 11 (2007).

Adnan Custovic et al. “Effect of Day Care Attendance on Sensitization and Atopic Wheezing Differs by Toll-like Receptor 2 Genotype in 2 Population-Based Birth Cohort Studies”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127, № 2 (2011).

April Zambelli-Weiner et al. “Evaluation of the CD14/-260 Polymorphism and House Dust Endotoxin Exposure in the Barbados Asthma Genetics Study”. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 115, № 6 (2005).

Angela Simpson et al. “Endotoxin Exposure, CD14, and Allergic Disease: An Interaction between Genes and the Environment”. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 174, № 4 (2006).

Torsten Olszak et al. “Microbial Exposure during Early Life Has Persistent Effects on Natural Killer T-cell Function”. Science (2012).

Цитата Дэвида Баркера и большая часть информации о нем взяты из статьи: Stephen S. Hall. “Small and Tin”. New Yorker, November 19, 2007.

J. Riedler et al. “Exposure to Farming in Early Life and Development of Asthma and Allergy: A Cross-sectional Survey”. Lancet 358, № 9288 (2001).