Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
- Название:Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
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- Издательство:Международные отношения
- Год:2009
- Город:М.
- ISBN:978-5-7133-1350-0
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Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны» краткое содержание
Как формировалась внешняя политика США по отношению к России в 90-е годы XX века? В чем видела свои интересы в разваливающемся Советском Союзе правящая американская элита и правильно ли оценивала ситуацию? Какие были совершены ошибки и почему? На эти вопросы на основании широкого спектра источников, бесед с известными политическими деятелями, личных наблюдений пытаются найти ответ авторы нашумевшей в США книги.
Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны» - читать онлайн бесплатно полную версию (весь текст целиком)
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155
Friedman T. Baker, on Hill, Passes Hat for Russia // New York Times. — May 1, 1992. — A3.
156
Gelb L. How to Help Russia // New York Times. — March 14, 1993. — P. 17.
157
Gorbachev M. Memoirs (Doubleday 1996). — P. 612.
158
Matlock J. An Autopsy on an Empire: The American Ambassador's Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union. — Random House, 1995. — P. 177-178.
159
Aslund A. How Russia Became a Market Economy. — P. 40; Allison G. and Blackwill R. America's Stake in the Soviet Future // Foreign Affairs. — Vol. 70. — Summer 1991. — P. 78-79, 95-97.
160
Beschloss M.R. and Talbott S. At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War. — Little, Brown and Company, 1993. — P. 385; and interview with Robert Zoellick. See also: Kissinger H. No Time for a 'Grand Bargain’ // Washington Post. — July 9, 1991. — P. A19.
161
Interview with Stanley Fisher; and Feldstein M. A Different Kind of 'Great Bargain' // Wall Street Journal. — July 9, 1991. — P. A18.
162
The history of these debates is chronicled in Padma Desai. From the Soviet Union to the Commonwealth of Independent States: The Aid Debate // Harriman Institute Forum. — Vol. 5. — April 1992. — P. 1-16.
163
Chernyaev. My Six Years with Gorbachev. — P. 362-363; Gorbachev M. Memoirs. — P. 608-617.
164
Об основной стратегии шоковой терапии см.: Aslund A. Post-Communist Economic Revolutions: How Big a Bang? — Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1992; Blanchard O., Boyco M., Dobrovski M., Dornbusch R. and Shleifer A. Post-Communist Reform: Pain and Progress (MIT Press, 1993); and Sachs J. Poland's Jump to a Market Economy (MIT Press, 1993).
165
Gaidar Y., Days of Defeat and Victory. — University of Washington Press, 1996.
166
Interview with Yegor Gaidar.
167
Fisher S. and Frenkel J. Macroeconomics Issue of the Soviet Reform // American Economic Review. — Vol. 82. — May 1992. — P. 41.
168
Относительно этого плана, разработанного экспертами главным образом на основе опыта Польши, см.: Lipton D. and Sachs J. Privatization in Eastern Europe: The Case of Poland // Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. — No. 2 (1990). — P. 293-333; Aslund A. Post-Communist Economic Revolutions: How Big a Bang?; Sachs J. Poland’s Jump to the Market Economy.
169
Sachs J. Life in the Emergency Room // Williamson J. ed. The Political Economy of Policy Reform. — Washington: Institute for International Studies, 1994. — P. 504; Sachs J. Western Financial Assistance and Russia's Reforms // Islam Sh. and Mandelbaum M., eds. Making Markets: Economic Transformation in Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet States. — New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1993. — P. 143-175; Sachs J. Helping Russia: Goodwill Is Not Enough // Economist. — December 21 — January 3, 1992. — P. 104; Aslund A. Big Bang in Moscow // Newsweek. — September 2, 1991. — P. 58-64.
170
Russian Economic Reform: Crossing the Threshold, a World Bank Country Study. — Washington: World Bank, 1992. — P. 49; Nixon R. The Challenge We Face in Russia // Wall Street Journal. — March 11, 1992. — P. 14. См. также: Nixon R. Save the Peace Dividend // New York Times. — November 19, 1992. — P. A19; Peel Q. Kohl to Ask U.S. to Step Up Assistance for Moscow // Financial Times. — March 23, 1993. — P. 2; Williams F. Moscow Needs Own Marshall Plan // Financial Times. — April 14, 1993. — P. 8.
171
См.: Nasar S. How to Aid Russians Is Debated // New York Times. — January 20, 1992. — P. CI. See also: Kramer M. The Changing Economic Comp lexion of Eastern Europe and Russia: Results and Lessons of the 1990s. — SAIS Review (Summer-Fall 199). — P. 16-46.
172
Greenhouse S. Wrapping Up Big Russian Aid Package // Washington Post. — April 27, 1992. — P. A7; Bemstain J. Aid the Best Way Up? // Insight. — March 9, 1992. — P. 11.
173
Interviews with Andrew Carpendale.
174
Interviews with Dennis Ross and Robert Zoellick; and comments by Ross at manuscript review session at Brookings. — May 23, 2002.
175
Interviews with David Mulford and Peter Hauslohner.
176
Interview with Mulford; дискуссию относительно грядущего краха резервной системы: Gaidar. Days of Defeat and Victory. — P. 91, 112.
177
Interview with Mulford.
178
Ibid.
179
Interviews with Wethington, Mulford and Hauslohner. См. также пресс- конференцию Дэвида Малфорда. — October 3, 1991 (Lexis-Nexisj; Mulford's comments on the Russian energy sector at a Hearing before the Subcommittee on International development, Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy of the House Banking Committee, 102 Cong. 2 sess. — April 29, 1992. — P. 10 (В данной книге авторы цитируют информацию из материалов слушаний Конгресса, сообщений Federal News Service (fednews.com) или из lexis-nexis.com/ universe.)
180
Interviews with Mulford and Wethington.
181
Gaidar, Days of Defeat and Victory. — P. 119-20. См. также: review of Gaidar book by Jeffrey Sachs D. Russia's Tumultuous Decade: An Insider Remembers // Washington Monthly. — March 2000 (www.washingtonmonthly.com).
182
Sachs, Russia's Tumultuous Decade.
183
Neuman J. Arms Control Summit 'Relic' of Cold War // USA Today. - June 16, 1992. — P. Al.
184
Hearing on the Russian Application the World Bank before the House Banking Committee, 102 Cong. sess. — February 5, 1992. — P. 19.
185
Interview with Dennis Ross.
186
Bush G. and Scowcroft B. A World Transformed (Alfred A. Knopf, 1998). — P. 540.
187
Cholett D. Absent at the Creation? Decision-Making in the Bush administration and the Transformation of the Soviet Union, August-December 1991. — Cornell University, honors thesis. — April 1993. — P. 37-41.
188
Zoellick R.B. Relations of the United States with the Soviet Union and the Republics. Statement before the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East of the House Foreign Relations Committee, 102 Cong. 1 sess. — October 2, 1991 // U.S. Department of State Dispatch. — Vol. 2. — October 7, 1991. — P. 746.
189
Interview with Victoria Nuland.
190
Интервью с Андреем Козыревым.
191
Interview with Gaidar.
192
Interview with Zoellick.
193
Cholett D. Absent at the Creation? — P. 73-74, 76-77; interview with Andrew Carpendale.
194
Baker III J. with DeFrank T.M. The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace 1989-1992 (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1995). — P. 524.
195
Ibid. — P. 535-536.
196
Baker, «America and the Collapse of the Soviet Empire: What Has to Be Done».
197
Ibid.
198
Interviews with Carpendale, John Hannah, Kenneth Juster; Chollet. Absent at the Creation?
199
Krauthammer Ch. Say Goodbye to Gorbachev // Washington Post. — December 13, 1991. — A29; Sigal L.V. Hang Separately: Cooperative Security between the United States and Russia, 1985-1994. — New York, Century Foundation, 2000. — P. 226.
200
Interview with Carpendale.
201
Ibid.
202
Interviews with Robert Zoellick and Dennis Ross.
203
Interviews with Ross.
204
Interview with Kenneth Juster.
205
Baker, Politics of Diplomacy. — P. 619; Baker. Closing statement at Coordinating Conference, U.S. Department of State; remarks by the president in address to International Conference on Humanitarian Assistance to the Former USSR, January 22, 1992 // U.S. Department of State Dispatch. — Vol. 3. — January 27, 1992. — P. 57-58, 61.
206
Wohlforth W. ed., Cold War Endgame. — Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. — P. 124.
207
Safire W. Baker's Big Bash // New York Times. — January 23, 1992. — P. A23; Curtis M. Europeans Voice Reservations over Role of U.S. Aid to Former Soviet Republics. — Boston Globe. — January 21, 1992. — P. 6.
208
Civil Disorders in the Former USSR: Can It Be Managed This Winter? NIE 11-18.3-91 (November 1991) // Fisher B.B. At Cold War's End: US Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989-1991. — Washington: CIA, 199. — P. 144, 149; See also: P. 148, 150; See also in: National Intelligence Estimates from September 1991, in the same volume. — P. 189.
209
Office of the Coordinator of the U.S. Assistance to the NIS, U.S. Government Assistance to and Cooperative Activities with the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union: FY 1997Annual Report (Department of State, January 1998). — P. 158; Baker, Politics of Diplomacy. — P. 571, 584; Hoffman D. Pentagon to Airlift Aid to Republics: Ex-Soviets Will Get Food, Medicine // Washington Post. — January 24. — P. Al; Garthoff R.L. The United States and the New Russia: The First Five Years // Current History. — Vol. 96. -October 1997. — P. 308.
210
Baker. Politics of Diplomacy. — P. 584.
211
Interview with Carpendale.
212
Cable from American embassy in Moscow to the secretary of state, «Info Moscow Political Collective», Moscow 02777. — January 29, 1992, and «Secretary's Meeting with Foreign Minister Kozyrev», Secto 00007. — January 28, 1992. Оба документа были рассекречены по запросу авторов на основе Закона о свободе информации.
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