Ольга Кравцова - Английский язык для специальных и академических целей: Международные отношения и зарубежное регионоведение. Часть 1

a man of his delicate aesthetics: a man of fine taste / artistically minded

entails: implies/ involves/ means

An abstract is a short formal original piece of writing which describes a much larger paper (article, chapter of a book or a book). It is similar to a summary but compressed even further. It presents the message and all the main arguments and conclusions (if any) of the complete paper. An abstract contains the key words of the original text; its main function is to give the reader a clear idea if the paper is worth reading.

/from the Writing Center of the University of Northern Carolina at Chapel Hill/

— A full citation of the source, preceding the abstract.

— The most important information first.

— The same type and style of language found in the original, including technical language.

— Key words and phrases that quickly identify the content and focus of the work.

— Clear, concise, and powerful language.

— Length ~10% of the original or less.

— The thesis of the work, usually in the first sentence.

— Background information that places the work in the larger body of literature.

— The same chronological structure as the original work.

Search through the entire document for key terms that identify the purpose, scope, and methods of the work. Pay close attention to the Introduction and the Conclusion. These sections should contain all the main ideas and key terms in the paper. When writing the abstract, be sure to incorporate the key terms.

Instead of cutting and pasting the actual words, try highlighting sentences or phrases that appear to be central to the work. Then, in a separate document, rewrite the sentences and phrases in your own words.

The Manual

After reading the entire work, put it aside and write a paragraph about the work without referring to it. In the first draft, you may not remember all the key terms or the results, but you will remember what the main point of the work was. Remember not to include any information you did not get from the work being abstracted.

The Conclusion Chapter from Empire. How Britain Made the Modern World by Niall Ferguson. Penguin books LTD, London, 2004 sums up the most important contribution of the British Empire to the modern world. Its impact is seen as mostly positive, with the most remarkable legacy being free trade, free capital movements, free labour and English as the global language. The Empire promoted liberal capitalism, parliamentary democracy, the rule of law throughout its colonies. Though Great Britain is responsible for enslaving, killing and exploiting indigenous population at the beginning of the empire, later it contributed to the economic development of its colonies, particularly those that were at a low stage of development at the time of colonisation. What's more, after the collapse of the empire many of its former colonies benefited from British-style institutions and form of governing, which was cost effective, efficient and uncorrupted. The experience of the British Empire testifies to its overall effectiveness: ultimately, it paved the way for economic, legal and political globalization. (166 words)

/This abstract covers texts A, B and C in the Lead-in of unit 1 British Traditionalism (~ 2300 words)/

For more information go to

http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/abstracts/

APPENDIX

Reading & Comprehension Reading the texts and doing

Appendix

#1 p. 18-22, #2 p. 24-28, comprehension assignments

#3 p. 31-34

Reading the article in the

EAP Corner*

EAP Corner Brushing Up Reading Skills p. 41-42

EAP Corner Developing

Logical Thinking Skills

p. 45-49

Learning to speak and write logically and to avoid logical fallacies

Follow Up p. 22, 28, 34

3-min presentation*

Integrating Core Skills p. 38

Term presentation p. 31

Making a term presentation*

Debate p. 36

Taking part in a debate

EAP Corner Writing a summary Practice summary writing

p. 42-44

Writing an Essay (test)

(Practice in EAP Corner p. 50-51)

Vocabulary Practice 1, 2, 3;

Revision p. 38-40

Learning new vocabulary;

Revising Active Vocabulary and Grammar

Follow Up p. 23, 29, 34

Compiling the list of topica vocabulary*

NB The sections in bold are a MUST.

1Fill in the date for activities marked with an asterisk (*)

Appendix

№1 (устный экзамен)

Факультет МО Английский как второй иностранный, IV курс, 7 семестр

Билет № 1 Рассмотрено и утверждено на заседании

Время на подготовку 10-15 мин кафедры английского языка № 1

Время на ответ 3-4 мин Протокол № от

Зав.кафедрой __________

Appendix

You have 15 minutes to prepare a 3-4 minute speech on the given topic. Make use of the following prompts or any other ideas you can think of. You are to announce your thesis statement and present your speech to your partner and the examiners. When you have finished, your partner will ask you two questions or will give you two counter-arguments which you are to comment on.

— growing social divide

— social reforms of the 1950s

— elitism in education

— unequal access to health care

— low social mobility

You will be allowed to use your outline only!

SEPTEMBER 22, 2014

Only a Truce in Syria Can Stop ISIS

by PATRICK COCKBURN

Appendix

If the United States and its allies want to combat the Islamic State jihadists (IS, formerly known as Isis) successfully, they should arrange a ceasefire between the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and the non-IS Syrian opposition. Neither the Syrian army nor the “moderate” Syrian rebels are strong enough to stop IS if they are fighting on two fronts at the same time, going by the outcome of recent battles. A truce between the two main enemies of IS in Syria would be just that, and would not be part of a broader political solution to the Syrian crisis which is not feasible at this stage because mutual hatred is too great. A ceasefire may be possible now, when it was not in the past, because all parties and their foreign backers — the US, Saudi Arabia, Russia and Iran — are frightened of the explosive advance of the Islamic State. US Secretary of State John Kerry told the US Security Council on Friday that there is room for everybody “including Iran” in an anti-IS coalition.

President Obama was much criticised for admitting that he had no strategy to cope with IS and, despite his address to the nation on 10 September, he still does not have one. Assuming he is not going to send a large US land army to the region, he lacks a credible and effective local partner in either Syria or Iraq with the necessary military force to take advantage of air strikes, even if they are intensified in Iraq and extended to Syria.

Mr Obama won the assent of the House of Representatives last week to train and equip moderate rebels in Syria who are supposedly going to fight both Assad and IS. This is essentially a PR operation, since IS forces 30 miles from Aleppo are poised 71 71 Poised — ready or prepared for something to move against the last rebel strongholds, while the Syrian army is close to regaining control of the city itself.

The Syrian army suffered heavy defeats at the hands of IS in July and August, though these were little reported in the West. It has long been clear that the army was short of combat troops and could only fight one front at a time. Mr Assad appears to have calculated that the rise of IS would be to his political advantage because most of the world would prefer him to the fundamentalists. But he underestimated the military strength of IS since they captured Mosul on 10 June.

No truce is likely to happen unless there is pressure on both sides by their outside backers — notably the US, Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iran. Much would depend on how realistic they are: the US and Saudi Arabia still want the departure of Assad, but this has been very unlikely since the second half of 2012. Demanding this at the Geneva II talks in February effectively killed off any diplomatic framework for negotiations to end the conflict. Critics of multilateral ceasefires argue that this would mean accepting that the Assad government stay in place, but the Syrian government is not departing in any case. The Assad government may believe that it is gradually reasserting its authority over the rest of the country, but these advances are at a snail's pace and its grip on ground regained is fragile. The Syrian army might not be able to withstand an all-out offensive by IS.