Питер Франкопан - Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий
- Название:Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий
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- Издательство:Литагент 5 редакция
- Год:2017
- Город:Москва
- ISBN:978-5-699-95706-4
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Питер Франкопан - Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий краткое содержание
Вы увидите, что история развивалась совсем не так, как мы привыкли изучать в школе. Так, столетия назад интеллектуальные центры мира, «Оксфорды» и «Кембриджи», «Гарварды» и «Йели», находились не в Европе, а в городах Средней Азии, куда и съезжалась вся просвещенная молодежь в поисках успеха.
Шелковый путь. Дорога тканей, рабов, идей и религий - читать онлайн бесплатно ознакомительный отрывок
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1750
R. McMahon, The Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India and Pakistan (New York, 1994), рр. 16–17.
1751
Р. Tomsen, The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts and the Failures of the Great Powers (New York, 2011), рр. 181–182.
1752
R. McNamara, Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power in the Middle East, 1952–1967 (London, 2003), рр. 44–45.
1753
A. Moncrieff, Suez: Ten Years After (New York, 1966), рр. 40–41; D. Kunz, The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill, NC, 1991), р. 68.
1754
Eden to Eisenhower, 6 Sept 1956, FO 800/740.
1755
M. Heikal, Nasser: The Cairo Documents (London, 1972), р. 88.
1756
H. Macmillan, Diary, 25 August 1956, in A. Horne, Macmillan: The Official Biography (London, 2008), р. 447.
1757
Цитируется по McNamara, Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power , р. 46.
1758
McNamara, Britain, Nasser and the Balance of Power , рр. 45, 47.
1759
‘Effects of the Closing of the Suez Canal on Sino-Soviet Bloc Trade and Transportation’, Office of Research and Reports, Central Intelligence Agency, 21 February 1957, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room, Central Intelligence Agency.
1760
Kirkpatrick to Makins, 10 September 1956, FO 800/740.
1761
Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower: The Presidency: The Middle Way (Baltimore, 1970), 17, р. 2415.
1762
W. Louis and R. Owen, Suez 1956: The Crisis and its Consequences (Oxford, 1989); Р. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain, and Egypt, 1945–1956: Strategy and Diplomacy in the Early Cold War (Chapel Hill, NC, 1991).
1763
Eisenhower to Dulles, 12 December 1956, in Р. Hahn, ‘Securing the Middle East: The Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957’, Presidential Studies Quarterly 36.1 (2006), р. 39.
1764
Цитируется по Yergin, The Prize , р. 459.
1765
Hahn, ‘Securing the Middle East’, р. 40.
1766
См., главным образом, S. Yaqub, Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East (Chapel Hill, NC, 2004).
1767
R. Popp, ‘Accommodating to a Working Relationship: Arab Nationalism and US Cold War Policies in the Middle East’, Cold War History 10.3 (2010), р. 410.
1768
‘The Communist Threat to Iraq’, 17 February 1959, FRUS, 1958–1960: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula , 12, рр. 381–388.
1769
S. Blackwell, British Military Intervention and the Struggle for Jordan: King Hussein, Nasser and the Middle East Crisis (London, 2013), р. 176; ‘Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower’, 23 July 1958, FRUS, 1958–1960: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula , 12, р. 84.
1770
‘Iraq: The Dissembler’, Time , 13 April 1959.
1771
‘Middle East: Revolt in Baghdad’, Time , 21 July 1958; J. Romero, The Iraqi Revolution of 1958: A Revolutionary Quest for Unity and Security (Lanham, MD, 2011).
1772
C. Andrew and V. Mitrokhin, The KGB and the World: The Mitrokhin Archive II (London, 2005), рр. 273–274; W. Shawcross, The Shah’s Last Ride (London, 1989), р. 85.
1773
OIR Report, 16 January 1959, цитируется по Popp, ‘Arab Nationalism and US Cold War Policies’, р. 403.
1774
Yaqub, Containing Arab Nationalism , р. 256.
1775
W. Louis and R. Owen, A Revolutionary Year: The Middle East in 1958 (London, 2002).
1776
F. Matar, Saddam Hussein: The Man, the Cause and his Future (London, 1981), рр. 32–44.
1777
‘Memorandum of Discussion at the 420th Meeting of the National Security Council’, 1 October 1959, FRUS, 1958–1960: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula , 12, р. 489, n. 6.
1778
Этот случай был выявлен в ходе исследований, проведенных в 1975 году, которые касались использования убийств в качестве политического инструмента американскими спецслужбами. Полковник, который не назван, по-видимому, был расстрелян в Багдаде до того, как план «Носовой платок» был введен в действие, Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, Interim Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (Washington, DC, 1975), р. 181, n. 1.
1779
H. Rositzke, The CIA’s Secret Operations: Espionage, Counterespionage and Covert Action (Boulder, CO, 1977), рр. 109–110.
1780
A. Siddiqi, Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974 (Washington, DC, 2000); Черток Б. Е. Ракеты и люди. Фили – Подлипки – Тюратам – М., 1999.
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A. Siddiqi, Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge (Gainesville, FL, 2003), рр. 135–138.
1782
G. Laird, North American Air Defense: Past, Present and Future (Maxwell, AL, 1975); S. Zaloga, ‘Most Secret Weapon: The Origins of Soviet Strategic Cruise Missiles, 1945–1960’, Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6.2 (1993), рр. 262–273.
1783
Kux, The United States and Pakistan, 1947–2000: Disenchanted Allies (Washington, DC, 2001), р. 112; N. Polmar, Spyplane: The U-2 History Declassified (Osceola, WI, 2001), рр. 131–148.
1784
Karachi to Washington DC, 31 October 1958, FRUS, 1958–1960: South and Southeast Asia , 15, р. 682.
1785
Memcon Eisenhower and Ayub, 8 December 1959, FRUS, 1958–1960: South and Southeast Asia , 15, рр. 781–795.
1786
R. Barrett, The Greater Middle East and the Cold War: US Foreign Policy under Eisenhower and Kennedy (London, 2007), рр. 167–168.
1787
Department of State Bulletin, 21 July 1958.
1788
Kux, United States and Pakistan , рр. 110–111.
1789
V. Nemchenok, ‘In Search of Stability amid Chaos: US Policy toward Iran, 1961–1963’, Cold War History 10.3 (2010), р. 345.
1790
Central Intelligence Bulletin, 7 February 1961; A. Rubinstein, Soviet Foreign Policy toward Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan: The Dynamics of Influence (New York, 1982), рр. 67–68.
1791
National Security Council Report, Statement of US Policy to Iran, 6 July 1960, FRUS, 1958–1960: Near East Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula , 12, рр. 680–688.
1792
M. Momen, ‘The Babi and the Baha’i Community of Iran: A Case of “Suspended Genocide”?’, Journal of Genocide Research 7.2 (2005), рр. 221–242.
1793
E. Abrahamian, Iran between Two Revolutions (Princeton, 1982), рр. 421–422.
1794
J. Freivalds, ‘Farm Corporations in Iran: An Alternative to Traditional Agriculture’, Middle East Journal 26.2 (1972), рр. 185–193; J. Carey and A. Carey, ‘Iranian Agriculture and its Development: 1952–1973’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 7.3 (1976), рр. 359–382.
1795
H. Ruhani, Nehzat-e Imam-e Khomeini , 2 vols (Teheran, 1979), 1, р. 25.
1796
CIA Bulletin, 5 May 1961, цитируется по Nemchenok, ‘In Search of Stability’, р. 348.
1797
Gahnamye panjah sal Shahanshahiye Pahlavi (Paris, 1964), 24 January 1963.
1798
См. D. Brumberg, Reinventing Khomeini: The Struggle for Reform in Iran (Chicago, 2001).
1799
D. Zahedi, The Iranian Revolution: Then and Now (Boulder, CO, 2000), р. 156.
1800
‘United States Support for Nation-Building’ (1968); US Embassy Teheran to State Department, 4 May 1972, оба источника цитируются по R. Popp, ‘An Application of Modernization Theory during the Cold War? The Case of Pahlavi Iran’, International History Review 30.1 (2008), рр. 86–87.
1801
Polk to Mayer, 23 April 1965, цитируется по Popp, ‘Pahlavi Iran’, р. 94.
1802
Zahedi, Iranian Revolution , р. 155.
1803
A. Danielsen, The Evolution of OPEC (New York, 1982); F. Parra, Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum (London, 2004), р. 89ff.
1804
Главным образом, см. M. Oren, Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East (Oxford, 2002).
1805
Р. Pham, Ending ‘East of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964–1968 (Oxford, 2010).
1806
G. Stocking, Middle East Oil: A Study in Political and Economic Controversy (Nashville, TN, 1970), р. 282; H. Astarjian, The Struggle for Kirkuk: The Rise of Hussein, Oil and the Death of Tolerance in Iraq (London, 2007), р. 158.
1807
‘Moscow and the Persian Gulf’, Intelligence Memorandum, 12 May 1972, FRUS, 1969–1976: Documents on Iran and Iraq, 1969–1972 , E-4, р. 307.
1808
«Известия», 12 июля 1969.
1809
Buchan, Days of God , р. 129.
1810
Kwarteng, Ghosts of Empire , рр. 72–73.
1811
Department of State to Embassy in France, Davies-Lopinot talk on Iraq and Persian Gulf, 20 April 1972, FRUS, 1969–1976: Documents on Iran and Iraq, 1969–1972 , E-4, р. 306.
1812
G. Payton, ‘The Somali Coup of 1969: The Case for Soviet Complicity’, Journal of Modern African Studies 18.3 (1980), рр. 493–508.
1813
Popp, ‘Arab Nationalism and US Cold War Policies’, р. 408.
1814
‘Soviet aid and trade activities in the Indian Ocean Area’, CIA report, S-6064 (1974); Гошев В. СССР и страны Персидского залива. – М., 1988.
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